ID: 65805
Title: Effect of pre-treatment of chicken feather on the degradation potential of Glutamicibacter arilaitensis
Author: M. Chellapackialakshmi, A. Packialakshmi and C. Ravi
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 161-170 (2024)
Subject: Effect of pre-treatment of chicken feather on the degradation potential of Glutamicibacter arilaitensis
Keywords: Degradation, Keratinolytic bacteria, Pre-treatment, Protein production
Abstract: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated
the gross poultry production as 137 million tones during 2020
across the globe, and even during the Covid-19 pandemic
situation, the consumption of poultry meat in India stood at 4
million tones (Kasulla and Malik, 2021). The progressive
accumulation of chicken feather waste in the environment results
in soil pollution, an increase in illnesses, and the emission of
nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulphide, and ammonia, which are
hazardous to the environment and human health (Li, 2019). The
predominant component of chicken feather is keratin, a crosslinked protein that is resistant to physio-chemical, biological and
mechanical processes (Dabrowska et al., 2022) and also
insoluble in conventional solvents due to the presence of high
hydrophobic interactions with densely packed disulfide linkages
(Qiu et al., 2022). Feather waste is commonly disposed of by
several methods such as incineration, landfilling, and steam
pressure cooking, which are expensive and diminish protein
quality (Nisi et al., 2020). Tryptophan, methionine and histidine
are lost during the acid hydrolysis of keratin, which results in
significant protein fragmentation (Wei et al., 2017)
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Aarti, C., A. Khusro. and P. Agastian: Carboxymethyl cellulose production
optimization from Glutamicibacter arilaitensis strain ALA4 and its
application in lignocellulosic waste biomass saccharification.
Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol., 48, 1-14 (2018).
Aarti, C., A. Khusro, P. Agastian, N.M. Darwish and D.A. AI. Farraj:
Molecular diversity and hydrolytic enzymes production abilities of
soil bacteria. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 27, 3235-3248 (2020).
Literature cited 2: Alam, M.N.E., N. Akhter, S. Chakma, K. Fatema, A.K. Azad, M.J.
Chowdhury and M.A.S Mia: Alkali enzymatic extraction of keratin
protein from chicken feather waste in Bangaladesh. Iran. J.
Energy. Environ., 10, 235-241 (2019).
Amuthavalli, T. and C. Ravi: Isolation, characterization and optimization
of keratinolytic bacteria from chicken feather dumping site. J. App.
Biol. Biotechnol., 11, 144-152 (2023).
ID: 65804
Title: Microplastic contamination in the Chanthaburi estuarine ecosystem, Eastern part of Thailand
Author: J. Potipat , R. Srimoon and S. Mekprayoon
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 152-160 (2024)
Subject: Microplastic contamination in the Chanthaburi estuarine ecosystem, Eastern part of Thailand
Keywords: Anadara granosa,Chanthaburi, Estuarine ecosystem, Litopenaeus vannamei, Microplastics
Abstract: The estuarine ecosystem is defined as the bio-geomorphological area where the biotic and abiotic structures from
both marine and terrestrial zones interact to facilitate ecological
products and environmental services. The area is an ideal
location for socio-economic developmental activities such as
aquaculture, commercial shipping routes and recreational zone
for the community. (Thushari et al., 2017). Also, estuarine
mangrove provides ecological restoration for coastal animal
protection, sediment trapping and decreasing impacts from
marine disaster (Suk-ueng et al., 2013). To date, the global
marine environment has found significant annual accumulation of
more than 12.7 million tonnes of plastic pollution, with an
estimated 296,000 tonnes of plastic currently existing in the
oceans (Gérigny et al., 2022; Curren and Leong, 2023).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bhutto, S.U.A., Y. Ma, M. Akram and X. You: Microplastics in Tai lake food
web: Trophic transfer and human health risk assessment. Environ.
Toxicol. Pharmacol., 101, 104206 (2023).
Bureau of Registration Administration (Thailand). The census of
population and housing of Chanthaburi province.Department of
Provincial Administration, Ministry of Interior (2010).
Literature cited 2: Chatewutthiprapa, C., S. Chotpantarat and S. Yumuang: Land use and
land cover change of Chanthaburi watershed following 1999, 2006
and 2013 floods. In: Geoinformatics for Sustainable Development
in Asian Cities (Eds.: S. Monprapussorn, Z. Lin, A. Sitthi and P.
Wetchayont). Springer Geography. Springer, pp. 21-31 (2018).
Cheevaporn, V. and P. Menasveta: Water pollution and habitat
degradation in the Gulf of Thailand. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 47, 43-51
(2003).
ID: 65803
Title: Socio-ecological system of the mountainous region: A case study from Georgia
Author: N. Elizbarashvili , T. Pilauri, R. Elizbarashvili, L. Grigolia, G. Sandodze, S. Abramishvili and L. Bubashvili
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 145-151 (2024)
Subject: Socio-ecological system of the mountainous region: A case study from Georgia
Keywords: Cultural landscape, Ecological culture, Georgia, Mountainous regions, Socio-ecological system
Abstract: Mountain areas occupy almost a quarter of the world's
land area. Mountain regions differ in geographical location, area,
height, orography, altitudinal zonation, barrier properties, origin,
development, bio-and-landscape diversity, air, natural resources,
demographic conditions, ecological problems, etc. Natural and
socio-economic processes are connected in a specific way in the
mountains, which determines the features and problems of
sustainable development of the local society. Acultural landscape
is part of natural and cultural heritage. It clearly shows the
peculiarities of the origin and development of the country
(territory), the mutual dependence of man (local community) and
nature. The historical, ecological, agrarian, ethno-cultural and
other values of the area are reflected in the cultural landscape.
The main ones are: Urban - reflects the historical value of the
landscape; Ecological-considers the environmental, recreational
and environmental restoration value of the ecosystem; Religious takes into account the religious value and status of the landscape;
and Traditional and ethnocultural. Through cultural landscape, it is
possible to get an idea of the natural potential of the landscape and
ecosystem, ecological features, and economic and social values
(Elizbarashvili et al., 2022; Tarolli and Straffelini, 2020).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Awasthi, P., K. Bargali, S.S. Bargali and M.K. Jhariya: Structure and
functioning of Coriaria nepalensis Wall dominated shrublands in
degraded hills of Kumaun Himalaya. I. Dry matter dynamics. Land
Degrad. Dev., 33, 1474–1494 (2022).
Bargali, S.S., K. Padalia and K. Bargali: Effects of tree fostering on soil
health and microbial biomass under different land use systems in
Central Himalaya. Land Degrad. Develop., 30, 1984-1998
(2019)
Literature cited 2: Awasthi, P., K. Bargali, S.S. Bargali and M.K. Jhariya: Structure and
functioning of Coriaria nepalensis Wall dominated shrublands in
degraded hills of Kumaun Himalaya. I. Dry matter dynamics. Land
Degrad. Dev., 33, 1474–1494 (2022).
Bargali, S.S., K. Padalia and K. Bargali: Effects of tree fostering on soil
health and microbial biomass under different land use systems in
Central Himalaya. Land Degrad. Develop., 30, 1984-1998
(2019)
ID: 65802
Title: Exploring the correlation between environmental pesticide exposure and antioxidant level in recently diagnosed cancer patients
Author: A. Ojha , P. Sahani , S. Shekhar and S.K. Mishra
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 139-144 (2024)
Subject: Exploring the correlation between environmental pesticide exposure and antioxidant level in recently diagnosed cancer patients
Keywords: Antioxidant, Blood cancer, Epidemiology, Gallbladder cancer, Oral cancer, Pesticide
Abstract: It is reported that 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7
million deaths due to cancer in the world in 2022 (IARC report,
2022). India ranks 3rd in the world with 14,61, 427 new cases of
cancer with 12,997 cases of gallbladder during the year 2022
(Sathishkumar et al., 2022). Blood cancer is at 13rd position in the
world with around 1.24 million cases that occur worldwide
annually. Age, diet, genetics, environment, and exposure to
carcinogenic chemicals are major factors for causing cancer.
Accumulation of damage in DNAby the carcinogenic element can
induce cancer at a later stage (Nogueira et al., 2014). Studies
have reported that intake of meat, saturated fat, and cholesterol,
increases gallbladder cancer incidence (Di Ciaula et al., 2019). In
80% cases the major cause of gallbladder cancer is gallstone
which contains high cholesterol and bilirubin. Gallstones lead to
inflammation that may later develop into cancer (Espinoza et al.,
2016).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Alavanja, M.C.R., J.N. Hofmann, C.F. Lynch, C.J. Hines, K.H. Barry, J.
Barker, D.W. Buckman, K. Thomas, D.P. Sandler, J.A. Hoppin,
S. Koutros, G. Andreotti, J.H. Lubin, A. Blair and L.E. Beane
Freeman: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk and insecticide, fungicide
and fumigant use in the agricultural health study. PLoS One, 9,
e109332 (2014).
Cerullo, G., M. Negro, M. Parimbelli, M. Pecoraro, S. Perna, G.
Liguori, M. Rondanelli, H. Cena and G. D'Antona: The long
history of Vitamin C: From prevention of the common cold to
potential aid in the treatment of COVID-19. Front. Immunol., 11,
574029 (2020).
Literature cited 2: Cindoglu C., A. Uyanikoglu, S. Sari, M. Ozkutlu and O. Erel: Thioldisulfide homeostasis in irritable bowel syndrome. Eur. Rev. Med.
Pharmacol., Sci., 27, 10569-10576 (2023).
Corpe, C.P., P.Eck, J.Wang, H. Al-Hasani and M. Levine: Intestinal
dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) transport mediated by the facilitative
sugar transporters, GLUT2 and GLUT8. J. Biol. Chem., 288,
9092–9101 (2013).
ID: 65801
Title: Designing of a novel and potent HPV66 L1 major capsid protein-epitope based therapeutic vaccine against Human Papillomavirus (HPV): A bioinformatics approach
Author: S. Ganesh Kumar Krupakar Sakthivel Chirayu
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 130-138 (2024)
Subject: Designing of a novel and potent HPV66 L1 major capsid protein-epitope based therapeutic vaccine against Human Papillomavirus (HPV): A bioinformatics approach
Keywords: B-cell epitope, Cervical Cancer, Human papillomavirus, HPV66 L1 major capsid protein, T-cell epitope
Abstract: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among
women worldwide, with about 0.6 million cases and 0.3 million
deaths per year (Arbyn et al., 2020). Human papillomavirus
(HPV) causes infections in the human reproductive tract. In many
cases, HPV infections have no symptoms and are usually cleared
by the system. It is a non-enveloped virus with a circular doublestranded DNA genome that is approximately 8 kb in length
(Doorbar et al., 2012). However, if the infection persists, it may
lead to the development of warts in the cervical, anogenital, or
oropharyngeal regions in both men and women. Chronic HPV
infection can lead to cervical cancer, which is the most common
HPV-related disease. While many pre-cancerous lesions caused
by HPV may disappear without intervention, women with HPV
infection are at risk of developing persistent and pre-cancerous
lesions that can progress to invasive cervical cancer (WHO,
2023).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Andersson, S., M. Alemi, E. Rylander, A. Strand, B. Larsson, J. Sällström, and E. Wilander: Uneven distribution of HPV 16 E6 prototype and
variant (L83V) oncoprotein in cervical neoplastic lesions. British J.
Cancer, 83, 307–310 (2000).
Arbyn, M., E. Weiderpass, L. Bruni, S. de Sanjosé, M. Saraiya, J. Ferlay
and F. Bray: Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer
in 2018: a worldwide analysis. Lancet Global Hlth., 8, e191–e203
(2020).
Literature cited 2: de Martel, C., M. Plummer, J. Vignat and S. Franceschi: Worldwide
burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV
type. Int. J. Cancer, 141, 664-670 (2017).
Dong, D., Y. Zhu, Z. Aili, Z. Chen and J. Ding: Bioinformatics analysis of
HPV-68 E6 and E7 oncoproteins for designing a therapeutic
epitope vaccine against HPV infection. Infec. Gene. Evol., 81,
104266 (2020)
ID: 65800
Title: Wetlands for human well-being
Author: T.V. Ramachandra , K.S. Asulabha , V. Sincy , R. Jaishanker
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) i-iv (2024)
Subject: Wetlands for human well-being
Keywords: None
Abstract: Wetlands, transitional lands bridging the gap between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, are among the most diverse and
productive ecosystems, with biophysical interactions that provide numerous ecological, economic, and social benefits for human wellbeing. These vital ecosystems sustain ecological processes to provide services such as nutrient cycling, water purification, reducing
pollution, carbon sequestration, groundwater recharge, flood reduction, erosion control, habitats for aquatic biota (Fig. 1), education
opportunities, aesthetics, and recreation (Ramachandra et al., 2021; Ramachandra, 2022). In this context, World Wetlands Day is
celebrated every year on 2 February to raise global awareness about the vital role of wetlands for human well-being and commemorate
the adoption of the Convention on Wetlands on 2 February 1971 in the Iranian city of Ramsar. The Convention underscored sustainable
and wise use of wetlands while advocating ecosystem approaches for the preservation of fragile ecosystems. Currently, 172 Ramsar
Convention Contracting Parties and 2,500 Ramsar Sites totalling 2.5 million square kilometers are designated Ramsar Wetlands of
International Importance. There are 80 wetlands of international significance in India (https://www.ramsar.org/) spanning 1,332,200 ha
(which includes recently (on 31 January 2024) designated five wetlands - Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, Aghanashini
Estuary (Ramachandra et al., 2018; Fig. 2) and Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve in Karnataka, and Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary and
Longwood Shola Reserve Forest in Tamil Nadu). Pledged contracting parties advocate wise use of wetlands and water resources in the
respective regions through national conservation plans, policies, legislation, management actions, and public education as per the tenets
of 'seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations to ensure sustainable water and land resource use, food and
water security, biodiversity conservation,
poverty alleviation, and climate change
mitigation (https://sdgs.un.org/goals).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Clarkson, B. R., A. G. E. Ausseil and P. Gerbeaux: Wetland ecosystem services. Ecosystem services in New Zealand: conditions and trends. Manaaki
Whenua Press, Lincoln. 1, 192-202 (2013).
Costanza, R., R. d'Arge, R. De Groot, S. Farber, M. Grasso, B. Hannon, K. Limburg, S. Naeem, R.V. O'neill, J. Paruelo and R.G. Raskin: The value of the
world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253-260 (1997)
Literature cited 2: De Groot, R., L. Brander, S. Van Der Ploeg, R. Costanza, F. Bernard, L. Braat, M. Christie, N. Crossman, A. Ghermandi, L. Hein and S. Hussain: Global
estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units. Ecosyst. Serv.,1, 50-61 (2012).
MEA: Ecosystems and human well-being: Aframework for assessment. Island Press: Washington, USA. pp. 1–266 (2005).
ID: 65799
Title: Reconnaissance report of the 21 July 2023 Jaipur earthquakes in Rajasthan, India
Author: Bal Krishna Maheshwari, Varun Kumar Singla and Sukanta Das
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (5) 603-606 10 March (2024)
Subject: Reconnaissance report of the 21 July 2023 Jaipur earthquakes in Rajasthan, India
Keywords: Earthquakes, geological activities, reconnaissance report, seismic intensity, seismic z
Abstract: In the early morning of 21 July 2023, a few low to
moderate magnitude earthquakes struck the city of
Jaipur in Rajasthan, India. These tremors were strong
enough to wake up the city residents and were felt even
in other relatively distant cities such as Jaisalmer and
Delhi. This study reports preliminary findings of the
reconnaissance conducted in Jaipur following these
earthquakes. Field observations indicate a maximum
seismic intensity V (‘awakening’) on the MSK 1964 intensity scale (IS 1893-1, 2016), which is consistent with
the seismic zone (II) in which Jaipur city is located.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Paul, J. et al., Microstrain stability of peninsular India 1864–1994.
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. – Earth Planet. Sci., 1995, 104, 131–146.
Rao, B. R. and Rao, P. S., Historical seismicity of peninsular India.
Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1984, 74(6), 2519–2533.
Literature cited 2: IS: 1893, Criteria for earthquake resistance design of structures:
general provisions and buildings. Part-1, Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi, 2016.
Kumar, H. and Pandit, M., Recurrent seismicity in Rajasthan state
in the tectonically stable NW Indian Craton. Iran. J. Earth Sci.,
2020, 12(1), 1–9.
ID: 65798
Title: Occupancy, coat colour pattern and social organization of mixed-species and mixed-morphotype groups of Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) and tufted grey langur (Semnopithecus priam)
Author: Santanu Mahato, Honnavalli N. Kumara , Mridula Singh and Mewa Singh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (5) 593-602 10 March (2024)
Subject: Occupancy, coat colour pattern and social organization of mixed-species and mixed-morphotype groups of Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) and tufted grey langur (Semnopithecus priam)
Keywords: Altitudinal gradients, hybridization, langurs, mixed-species associations, sympatricity.
Abstract: A mixed-species group is formed due to an increase in
close association among individuals of different species. Such groups also possibility of having diversity in
size, phenotypic similarities and differences, and contrasting morphologies compared to the original species.
We studied inter-individual variations in external morphology and social structure in mixed-species groups
of Nilgiri langur (NL, Semnopithecus johnii) and tufted
grey langur (HL, Semnopithecus priam) between 300
and 800 m in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western
Ghats in India. The study reports the largest number
of mixed morphotypes in a population having a higher
abundance of dark grey morphs at lower altitudes, light
brown morphs in the mid altitudes and more dark
brown morphs at higher altitudes. The group size of
mixed species was mostly multi-male and multi-female
and larger than the NL and HL groups. Our study
provides a framework to determine their inter-specific
interactions and reproductive strategies which are
necessary in overlapping ranges.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: MacArthur, R. H., On the relative abundance of bird species. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1957, 43, 293–295.
Schoener, T. W., Resource partitioning in ecological communities.
Science, 1974, 185, 27–39.
Literature cited 2: Schnitzler, A. and Hermann, L., Chronological distribution of the
tiger Panthera tigris and the Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica in
their common range in Asia. Mamm. Rev., 2019, 49, 340–353.
Singh, M. et al., Distribution and research potential of non-human
primates in the Aliyar–Valparai sector of Indira Gandhi Wildlife
Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India. Trop. Biodivers., 1997, 4, 197–208.
ID: 65797
Title: REE and Y enrichment in peralkaline felsic rocks of the Siwana region, Rajasthan, northwestern India
Author: Suresh Kumar, Vivek V. Kumar , Shishir Bhardwaj , Rohit Sharma and Kiran J. Mishra
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (5) 583-592 10 March (2024)
Subject: REE and Y enrichment in peralkaline felsic rocks of the Siwana region, Rajasthan, northwestern India
Keywords: Alkaline granite, igneous rocks, rare earth elements, soil profile, yttrium.
Abstract: In the modern world, rare earth elements (REE) and
yttrium (Y) dominate the development of high-end
electronic equipment and green energy technologies. The
global economic deposits of REE and Y are primarily
associated with alkaline and peralkaline igneous rocks.
The REE deposit of the Siwana ring complex, Rajasthan, India, is entirely composed of peralkaline igneous
rocks. This complex is made up of REE and Y-enriched
(both LREE and HREE) peralkaline granite, rhyolite
and its younger felsic intrusives such as rhyolite, microgranite, aplite and felsite dykes. We present a study of
the REE and Y potential of granites, volcanic rocks
and felsic dykes from 17 quarries in the Siwana area.
Monazite, zircon and apatite were the primary (magmatic) REE-bearing phases identified under a microscope. The late/post-magmatic replacement in granite is
evident as coarsening of perthite lamellae, pseudomorphic replacement of alkali feldspar grains by aegirine,
replacement of aenigmatite by aegirine, etc. The granites,
volcanic rocks and dykes show significant enrichment
of REE + Y and other trace elements (Sn, Hf and U). A
total of 20 rock samples were analysed using inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which indicated
significant REE + Y values ranging between 1061.22
and 9088.62 ppm, with an average of 2361.89 ppm. This
includes LREE (707.42–5743.83 ppm, avg. 2080.40 ppm)
and HREE (135.77–1422.23 ppm, avg. 402.41 ppm) Hf
up to 425.55 ppm. Totally five samples from a soil profile
were also analysed, yielding REE + Y values between
223.39 and 3175.75 ppm, with an average of 1714.51 ppm.
The ion adsorption clay horizon developed within the
soil profile showed a maximum REE + Y value of
3175.75 ppm.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: GoI, Mining of rare earth elements, Department of Aromic Energy,
Government of India, Press release, 2023; https://www.pib.gov.in/
PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1914305.
Hoatson, D. M., Jaireth, S. and Miezitis, Y., The major rare-earth element deposits of Australia: geological setting, exploration and
resources. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 2011, p. 204.
Literature cited 2: Long, K. R., Gosen, B. S. V., Foley, N. K. and Cordier, D., The
principal rare earth elements deposits of the United States – a summary of domestic deposits and a global perspective. US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 2010, SIR 2010–
5220, p. 96; http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5220/
Varughese, S. K., Banerjee, A., Kamlesh, K., Bidwai, R., Sarbajna,
C., Bhatt, A. K. and Verma, M. B., Field setting, mineralogy, geochemistry, and potential of acid volcanics hosting REE-Nb–Zr ± U
mineralisation in Siwana ring complex, Barmer district, Rajasthan.
In Proceedings of National Seminar on Strategic Mineral Exploration
for Sustainable Development: Emerging Trends and Challenges,
Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Southern Region, Bengaluru, 7–8 May 2019, abst. vol., pp. 92–93.
ID: 65796
Title: Mineral chemistry of Mahadevpur H4/5 chondrite: characterization of nanodiamonds through micro-Raman spectroscopic studies
Author: Bhaskar J. Saikia, G. Parthasarathy , N. V. Chalapathi Rao, Vikas Seth and Rashmi R. Borah
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (5) 574-582 10 March (2024)
Subject: Mineral chemistry of Mahadevpur H4/5 chondrite: characterization of nanodiamonds through micro-Raman spectroscopic studies
Keywords: Chondrite, mineral chemistry, nanodiamonds, shock metamorphism, spectroscopic analysis.
Abstract: Here, we present comprehensive electron probe micro
analysis, laser Raman spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction
(XRD) studies on the Mahadevpur H4/5 chondrite. The
calculated full width at half maximum (FWHM) value
of ~14–17 cm–1 for the Raman peaks in the Mahadevpur
meteorite is in accordance with the shock stage of S4
with medium shock pressure regime of 30–35 GPa. The
nanodiamonds were characterized with the observation of
Raman peaks at 1333–1358 cm–1 and 1600 cm–1
. The
FWHM value of the Raman peaks reflects shock metamorphism in the meteorite. The XRD technique provides
further independent validation of the nanodiamonds.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Krot, A. N., Keil, K., Scott, E. R. D., Goodrich, C. A. and Weisberg, M. K., Classification of meteorites and their genetic relationships. In Treatise on Geochemistry, 1. (eds Turekian, K. K. and
Holland, H. D.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2013, 2nd
edn, pp. 1–63.
Dhingra, D. et al., Spectacular fall of the Kendrapara H5 chondrite.
Meteorit. Planet. Sci., 2004, 39(S8), A121–A132
Literature cited 2: Parthasarathy, G. and Sarma, S. R., High-temperature electrical and
thermal properties of Burdett, Dalhart, Faucet and Wellman ordinary chondrites. Curr. Sci., 2004, 86(10), 1366–136.
Bhandari, N. et al., Bhawad, LL6 chondrite: chemistry, petrology,
noble gases, nuclear tracks, and cosmogenic radionuclides. Meteorit.
Planet. Sci., 2005, 40(7), 1015–1021.
ID: 65795
Title: Identification of tomato lines based on conventional and molecular tools for breeding
Author: Jagesh Kumar Tiwari, Nagendra Rai, Manish K. Singh, Lokesh K. Mishra, Gaurav Mishra and T. K. Behera
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (5) 569-573 10 March (2024)
Subject: Identification of tomato lines based on conventional and molecular tools for breeding
Keywords: Breeding, elite lines, horticultural traits, tomato, virus
Abstract: Identifying elite lines is a major research priority for
developing new hybrids/varieties. A total of 153 tomato
lines were characterized based on horticultural traits,
total soluble solids (TSS) and tomato yellow leaf curl
virus (ToLCV) resistance under natural field conditions. Molecular markers were applied for ToLCV (Ty2 and Ty-3), late blight (Ph-3) and root-knot nematode
(Mi-1.2) resistance genes. Based on horticultural traits
such as average fruit weight, fruit yield, TSS and
ToLCV resistance, promising lines were identified belonging to improved lines, jointless tomato, cherry tomato,
beta-carotene-rich lines, germplasm and varieties. An
improved line VRT-02 possessing dwarf plant type was
found suitable for pot culture, whereas H-88-78-2 had
a delayed and partial fruit ripening. Thus, the present
study identified elite lines using conventional and molecular tools for tomato breeding
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Tiwari, J. K. et al., Progress in marker-assisted selection to genomics assisted breeding in tomato. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 2022, 41(5), 321–350.
https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data (accessed on 17 June 2023)
Literature cited 2: Prasad, A., Sharma, N., Hari-Gowthem, G., Muthamilarasan, M.
and Prasad, M., Tomato yellow leaf curl virus: impact, challenges,
and management. Trends Plant Sci., 2020, 25(9), 897–911.
Prasanna, H. C., Kashyap, S. P., Krishna, R., Sinha, D. P., Reddy,
S. and Malathi, V. G., Marker assisted selection of Ty-2 and Ty-3
carrying tomato lines and their implications in breeding tomato leaf
curl disease resistant hybrids. Euphytica, 2015, 204, 407–418
ID: 65794
Title: Insights into bacterial communities: multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria in poultry droppings
Author: Namrata Jiya , Swapnil Kajale , Kunal Jani, Abhishek Keer , Chahat Markan , Monica Chavan , Ashwin V. Khandare , Mahendra D. Jamdhade , Alimuddin Zumla and Avinash Sharma
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (5) 562-568 10 March (2024)
Subject: Insights into bacterial communities: multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria in poultry droppings
Keywords: Antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, biofilms, multidrug-resistant bacteria, poultry droppings.
Abstract: An ever-increasing demand for high-quality protein
sources like poultry products, along with excessive use
of antibiotics in animal husbandry are contributing factors to the growing global problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The overuse of antibiotics in poultry
and the dissemination of poultry faecal waste in the
environment results in the propagation and spread of
multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. We investigated
the bacterial diversity of poultry droppings by targeted
amplicon sequencing and determined the resistance
pattern of 165 bacterial isolates against various types of
antibiotics. We found that the species of genera Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Proteus, Bacillus and
Shigella showed resistance against beta-lactams, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamide, nitrofurantoin, polymyxin E and aminoglycosides. In addition, we
detected strong biofilm-producing isolates of Enterobacter, Bacillus, Proteus, Escherichia and Enterococcus. The
detection of biofilm-forming MDR bacteria in poultry
droppings highlights the need for proactive measures to
mitigate their growth and transmission. High-throughput
sequencing revealed the differential prevalence of amplicon sequence variants belonging to Lactobacillus,
Corynebacterium and Bacteroides. Functional imputations
support the observed potential of biosynthesis of divergent antibiotics and drug resistance. Our findings highlight that poultry droppings harbour a diverse array of
antibiotic-resistant bacteria, underscoring the significance of continuous surveillance and appropriate disposal
methods to counteract the escalating problem of multidrug resistance under the ‘One Health’ approach.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Zumla, A. et al., Reducing the threat of epidemic-prone infections
at mass gathering religious events. Lancet, 2022, 400, 80–82.
Jani, K., Srivastava, V., Sharma, P., Vir, A. and Sharma, A., Easy
access to antibiotics; spread of antimicrobial resistance and implementation of One Health approach in India. J. Epidemiol. Global
Health, 2021, 11, 444–452
Literature cited 2: Koya, S. F., Ganesh, S., Selvaraj, S., Wirtz, V. J., Galea, S. and
Rockers, P. C., Consumption of systemic antibiotics in India in
2019. Lancet Reg. Health Southeast Asia, 2022, 4, 100025.
Kumar, H. et al., Understanding of colistin usage in food animals
and available detection techniques: a review. Animals (Basel),
2021, 9(1), 178
ID: 65793
Title: Analysis of morphological changes in erythrocytes in malaria by shape descriptors prior to and after antimalarial drugs
Author: Maombi Edison, J. B. Jeeva and Megha Singh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (5) 555-561 10 March (2024)
Subject: Analysis of morphological changes in erythrocytes in malaria by shape descriptors prior to and after antimalarial drugs
Keywords: Antimalarial drugs, erythrocytes, grey-level intensity, Plasmodium falciparum malaria, shape descriptors
Abstract: In this study, malarial patients (n = 80) were treated for
three days with artesunate and amodiaquine (ASAQ).
Twenty healthy individuals in a similar age range were
chosen as the control group. The contours of the erythrocytes were extracted from the processed microscopic
images, and the shape parameters were derived from
them. The erythrocytes were scanned along their largest
diameter to determine the variation in grey-level intensity. The results showed that the change in shape parameters and grey-level intensity was similar to normal
on day 4 after treatment. This provides novel insights
into the contribution of ASAQ to the recovery of
erythrocytes
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: WHO, World Malaria Report 2020: 20 years of global progress and
challenges, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2020.
Maombi, E., Jeeva, J. B. and Megha, S., Digital analysis of changes
by Plasmodium vivax malaria in erythrocytes. Indian J. Exp. Biol.,
2011, 49, 11–15.
Literature cited 2: Depond, M., Henry, B., Buffet, P. and Ndour, P. A., Methods to investigate the deformability of RBC during Malaria. Front. Physiol.,
2020, 10, 1613.
Barber, B. E. et al., Reduced red blood cell deformability in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Blood Adv., 2018, 2(4), 433–443.
ID: 65792
Title: Soil carbon footprints and climate-smart soils
Author: T. Bhattacharyya
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (5) 548-554 10 March (2024)
Subject: Soil carbon footprints and climate-smart soils
Keywords: Carbon footprints, climate change, climate-smart soils, global warming, sequestration.
Abstract: Carbon is sequestered in the soil in organic (SCSo) and inorganic (SCSi) forms. This sequestration is
controlled by different soil properties. SCSo, a boon, enhances the physical and chemical conditions
of the soil to improve soil drainage and provide adequate nutrition to the plants. SCSi, contributed
mainly by pedogenic calcium carbonates (PCs), is a bane and degrades the soil chemically. Soil acts
both as a source and sink of carbon. With the global warming threat looming, conservation of the
soil for sustenance has gained more importance in view of its role in providing various ecosystem
services, including food production. Therefore, identifying climate-smart soils that can withstand climate change and warming is important. These climate-smart soils will help identify global hotspots
for soil conservation. The present study provides a method to measure soil carbon footprints (CFs)
to identify climate-smart soils, citing a few examples from tropical India. This effort will help move
forward the subject of soil carbon research and its importance for preserving this limited natural resource for humankind. Increased atmospheric carbon footprints (CF) are harmful, while those in the
subsurface (soil) are good and will continue to save humanity from the vagaries of climate. It requires global awareness and proper utilization of the soils.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bhattacharyya, T., et al., Processes determining the sequestration
and maintenance of carbon in soils: a synthesis of research from
tropical India. Soil Horizons, 2014, 1–16; doi:10.2136/sh14-01-0001.
2. Anon., 2021; https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2021_
IND_0.pdf (accessed on 18 July 2023).
Literature cited 2: Anon., 2019; https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TASR2019_IND.pdf (accessed on 18 July 2023).
Ritchie, H., Roser, M. and Rosado, P., CO2 and greenhouse gas
emissions, 2020; https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gasemissions
ID: 65791
Title: Revamping India’s groundwater monitoring network
Author: S. N. Dwivedi, Sujatro Ray Chowdhuri, Subhra Satapathy and Ratikanta Nayak
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (5) 542-547 10 March (2024)
Subject: Revamping India’s groundwater monitoring network
Keywords: Aquifers, climate change, groundwater level, high-frequency data, monitoring networks
Abstract: Groundwater level is the most important parameter in any study involving the evaluation, development
and management of groundwater resources. Systematic monitoring of groundwater levels, which
commenced with the establishment of the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), has been of immense use in addressing several challenges like prioritization of areas for groundwater recharge,
delineating areas prone to waterlogging, estimation of storage change in the aquifers, estimation of
groundwater flow, etc. In a major boost to strengthen groundwater monitoring in the country, the
Government of India has sanctioned a special project under which CGWB has envisaged to construct 9000 purpose-built wells (piezometers) in identified priority areas, which will be equipped
with digital water-level recorders (DWLRs) and telemetry devices for acquisition and transmission
of groundwater levels at increased frequency. The intended uses of the long-term high-frequency data
include monitoring short-term and long-term changes in the groundwater levels, groundwater storage
and recharge to the aquifers, monitoring the effects of climatic variability, estimating transboundary
flow, assessing regional effects of groundwater development, quantifying impacts of water conservation and artificial recharge projects, and improved understanding of groundwater and surface water
interactions. High-frequency groundwater level data also have the potential for steering multi-institutional collaborative research projects in the country, particularly for studying the impact of
groundwater extraction on land subsidence, the relationship between groundwater levels and tectonic
disturbances, and climate change impacts on the groundwater regime.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Taylor, C. J. and Alley, W. M., Ground-water-level monitoring and
the importance of long-term water-level data. Report of United
States Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA, 2001, vol. 1217, p. 77.
http://cgwb.gov.in/ (accessed on 24 November 2023).
Literature cited 2: CGWB, Ground Water Year Book – India 2021–22, Central Ground
Water Board, 2022, p. 107; http://cgwb.gov.in/cgwbpnm/publication-detail/235
Swain, S., Taloor, A. K., Dhal, L., Sahoo, S. and Al-Ansari, N.,
Impact of climate change on groundwater hydrology: a comprehensive review and current status of the Indian hydrogeology. Appl.
Water Sci., 2022, 12(6), 120