Table 4: Treatment processes and combinations as a function of turbidity and E.

Turbidity, Average Values (NTU)

E. Coli (MPN/100 ml)

Processes and Combinations

Up to 10

10

No treatment necessary

10

100

Only disinfection

100

1000

Slow sand filtration

250

1000

Pretreatment + Slow sand filtration

250

10000

Pretreatment + Slow sand filtration + Disinfection

1000

100000

Two pretreatment methods:

e.g. sedimentation + coarse filtration or

coagulation/fluctuation + sedimentation

Subsequently: slow sand filtration + disinfection

100

2000

Rapid filtration + disinfection

1000

3000

Pretreatment + rapid filtration + disinfection