A pilot survey conducted on the waterfowls in Chatla Haor,a seasonal 
    floodplain  wetland of Cachar  district in Assam, during the  period 
    from 1997-99, revealed large congregation of 20 different species of 
    wading, swimming  and  diving birds during summer and monsoon months. 
    The  wading  birds (c 75%) recorded  were  Cattle egret, Large egret, 
    Median  egret, Little  egret, Pond  heron, Purple  heron, Grey Heron, 
    Chestnut  bittern, Night  heron, Lesser  adjutant, Openbilled  stork, 
    Spotbill  duck, White  ibis, Water cock and White breasted water hen. 
    The Spotbill  duck, once abundant in and around the leafy vegetation 
    and  grasses  of  the  wetland, have  become  scanty  now. Among the 
    swimming  birds (c 15%), Lesser  Whistling  teal  gathered  in large 
    numbers  during  the  summer and monsoon months and were found to be 
    less abundant during December to May The Lesser Whistling teal, were 
    found  to  nest  in  the  Eichhornia  mats as well as in  Nymphoides 
    assemblages. Preferred  feeding technique of swimming birds recorded 
    was diving. Among the diving birds(c 10%), the Small blue Kingfisher 
    and the  Pied  Kingfisher have been recorded. The water cock and the 
    White  breasted  water hen  have not been  much recorded  and  their 
    population  seemed to be declining due to wanton hunting by the bird 
    trappers. Further, the  waterfowls  are  subjected  to stress due to 
    habitat  degradation. As such, immediate measures have to be adopted 
    to conserve the wetland  and its waterfowls. Conservation strategies 
    for the purpose have been discussed in the paper.

    Sustainable development means a restructuring of global and national 
    economics in such a way  as  to gain  increased  economic well-being 
    including  employment  while  reducing  the  impact  on  the world’s 
    ecosystems  and  natural  resources. Corporations  are to contribute 
    fully to humanity’s attempts to seek a sustainable existence, then a 
    strong  case  can  be  made  for the development  of  accounting and 
    reporting  systems. This requires monitoring  and  recording of data 
    that relates  to  the  extent  to  which  an  organization is acting 
    sustainably.  More  practical options are required at every stage so 
    that any organization  could  adopt and apply a reporting system for 
    sustainability . This   paper  proposes  some  practicable  ways  of 
    approaching, accounting and reporting for sustainability.
    
    
    
    

    This paper deals with detailed characteristic study  of  wastewater 
    let into the tank from two points  and  characteristic study of the 
    waste  in  the  tank  at  selected  points  after  the  disposal of 
    wastewater. Experiments are done  to  find the tropic status of the 
    tank  and  based on the results obtained, measures are suggested to 
    eradicate the abundant growth  of  water  hyacinth and  make it fit 
    for recreational purposes like boating and fishing.

    The tank which is located in Singanallur  in Coimbatore city has an 
    area of 1.383 sq.km. the  northern part (0.401sq.km)  is  used  for 
    boating  purposes. The tank  receives  waste- water  which includes 
    storm-water, domestic & industrial  sewage  from 2 points, one near 
    Karaimadai. Due  to  the nutrients present in waste-water, there is 
    abundant growth of water hyacinth  in  the tank which is  affecting 
    the boating activities.

    Continued  population  growth, contamination  of  both  surface and 
    groundwater, due  to  effluent  discharge  from  industries, uneven 
    distribution of water resources  and  periodic droughts have forced 
    water agencies to search  for  innovative sources  of  water supply. 
    Since lakes are the important  sources of water supply they must be 
    protected from pollution. Inland  waters  cover less than 2% of the 
    earth’s  surface  and  more  than  99%  of  the total  water in the 
    hydrosphere is  deposited  in  the  oceans, which  cover 71% of the 
    earth’s  surface  with  an  average depth  of 3800m. Therefore, the 
    urgent need for reclaiming the lakes.

    Threats  to  the  lakes  are  untreated  effluence  discharged from 
    industries, agricultural  pollutants like  pesticides, insecticides, 
    and herbicides. Fishing  and  the  hazardous  waste  disposal. Even 
    though the water bodies undergo self-purification, it cannot attain 
    its original condition prior to contamination.

    Following are the available restoration methods :
    1) Reduction of the external loading.
    2) Diversity of hypolimnic water
    3) Precipitation of phosphorous in the lake.
    4) Reduction of the biomass concentration in the lake.
    5) Aeration of sediment.
    6) Removal of sediment.
    7) Covering of sediment
    8) Admission of unpolluted water.

    All lakes have their  distinctive  characters and as a general lake 
    model, or even a general  eutrophication  model is not existent, it 
    is not  possible  to  recommend  a  general  restoration  procedure. 
    However, some general comments may be made. The two main classes of 
    methods such as reduction of the  external loading and intervention 
    in the lake must be applied to work together. Removal  of  sediment 
    is of limited value if the  external loading is not reduced.

    At present, major thrust on the transport  of  contaminant and fate 
    research is directed towards the definition  and  quantification of 
    the  process  governing  the behavior  of  pollutants in subsurface 
    environment, coupled  with the development  of  mathematical models 
    that  integrate  process descriptions with pollutant properties and 
    environmental (site) characteristics. The  present  work  describes 
    theoretical  considerations  and  presents  a  numerical  tool  for 
    analyzing solute conditions during  infiltration from a source. The 
    partial  differential  equations  describing  solute  transport are 
    solved  numerically by an approach that  eliminates the  effect  of 
    numerical  dispersion. It  is  generally  assumed  that macroscopic 
    transport  by  convection  must  take into account the average flow 
    velocity as  well as the  mechanical or hydrodynamic  dispersion. A 
    finite  difference  technique is used to solve the  one-dimensional 
    partial differential equation.Solutes are transported by convection 
    at the average  velocity of the solution, and in  addition they are 
    dispersed  about the  mean  position of the front. The relationship 
    found  for saturated flow is  adopted  for  unsaturated  flow  with 
    values of dispersivity  for one-dimensional  flow taken  from break-
    through-curves(BTC) measured through soil column experiments in the  
    laboratory(Ranganna 2000). The results are compared with analytical 
    and  experimental results. The comparison indicates that the theory 
    is reliable.

    Accumulation of three  major  non-biodegradable solid  wastes viz., 
    plastics, synthetic  rubber and  glass was studied in the mangroves 
    of Thane creek. Quantification of these materials during one spring 
    tide was done in  selected  mangrove  habitats. Disturbed  habitats 
    show  high  values  of   industrial  and  domestic   solid   wastes. 
    Accumulation of 19.95 kg of plastics at Vitava station, 32.12 kg of 
    synthetic rubber at Mankhurd station and 1.2kg of glass material at 
    Vikhroli site was recorded during one spring  tide. The solid waste 
    pollutants  from  various point and non-point sources are affecting 
    the  mangrove  ecosystem .  Quantification   studies  of   the  non-
    biodegradable solid  wastes  represent an  important and  neglected 
    aspect of coastal pollution.