A. 10 If environmentally safe disposal were required in developing countries, the most cost effective technique for most cities would be sanitary landfill. Incineration is rarely technically viable in these countries because the moisture content of refuse (typically between 45 percent and 85 percent moisture) is too high, and because the calorific content is too low (typically between 900 and 1,200 kcal/kilogram lower heating value). Refuse derived fuel technology is not viable because the content of combustibles is too low (paper, plastic, and textile content typically total less than 25 percent). Compost is technically viable because the content of vegetable and put rescible material is high (typically more than 40 percent). The market is commonly poor, however, because most farmers exist at subsistence levels and can not affordro coverthe cost of composting and transporting of the compost product. While specialized markets exist (i.e., pottery, soil, horticultural farms, and intensive vegetable crop farmers) this total demand is usually small.

A. 11 Inindustrialized countries, sanitary-landfill design standards impose strict requirements for environmental protection, resulting in costs thatare substantially higher. Yet, these standards do not require a larger fraction of per capita income for cost recovery. Sanitary landfill cost would generally fall within the ranges shown on the next page.

Sanitary 1 a landfill costs