References |
Laws and conventions:
Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift über Anforderungen zum Schutz des Grund-wassers bei der Lagerung und Ablagerung von Abfällen dated January 31, 1990 (GMBl. (joint ministerial circular), p. 74).
Zweite allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zum Abfallgesetz (TA-Abfall), Teil 1: Technische Anleitung zur Lagerung, chemisch/physikalischen und biolo-gischen Behandlung und Verbrennung von besonders überwachungsbe-dürftigen Abfällen dated December 17, 1990 (GMBl.(joint ministerial circular) p. 866, ber. GMBl. 1991 p. 136, Neufassung GMBl. 1991 p. 138).
Gesetz zur Vermeidung und Entsorgung von Abfällen (Abfallgesetz - AbfG) dated August 27, 1986 (BGBl. (Federal Law Gazette) p. 1410), zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 11. Mai 1990 (BGBl. I (Federal Law Gazette I) p. 870).
Gesetz über die Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung (UVPG) dated February 12, 1990 (BGBl. (Federal Law Gazette) I p. 205) geändert durch Gesetz vom 11. Mai 1990 amended by Law of 11 May 1990 (BGBl. I p. 870).
Council Directive on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment of 27 June 1985 (85/337/EEC - O.J. No. L 175 of 5 July 1985, p. 40).
Council Directive on toxic and dangerous waste of 20 March 1978 (78/319/EEC - O.J. L 84 of 31 March 1978, p. 43).
Basel Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
Verordnung zur Bestimmung von Abfällen nach § 2 Abs. 2 des Abfallgesetzes (Abfallbestimmungsverordnung - AbfBestV) dated April 3, 1990 (BGBl. I (Federal Law Gazette) I p. 614).
WHO: Hazardous Waste Management, WHO Interim Document No. 7.
Scientific papers:
Batsstone, R., Smith, J.E., Wilson, D.C. (Eds.): The Safe Disposal of Hazardous Wastes - The Special Needs and Problems of Developing Countries, World Bank Technical Paper Number 93, Vol. I, II, III, Washington D.C., 1989.
Franke, B., Giegrich, J.: Abwägung der Risiken durch Müllverbrennung und Mülldeponierung, in: VDI (Ed.): Handbuch zum VDI-Seminar "Über Abfallströme zu integrierten Abfallwirtschaftskonzepten" on February 18 and 19 1991 in Düsseldorf.
Hessisches Ministerium für Umwelt und Reaktorsicherheit (Ed.): Hessische Abfallwirtschaftskonzeption, Wiesbaden 1988.
Publisher not indicated: Suchliste für Sonderabfälle und Altlasten, in: Arbeitnehmer, H. 12/1989, p. 534 - 544.
Schramek, E.R.: Sonderabfall aus Betrieben und Altlasten -Vermeidungsstrate-gien, in: VDI (Ed.): Sondermüll: thermische Behandlung und Alterna-tiven, VDI-Berichte 664, Düsseldorf 1987.
Szelinksi, B.A.: Die Baseler UNEP-Konvention über die grenzüberschreitende Abfallentsorgung und ihre Auswirkungen auf Deutschland, in: Wasser + Boden, H. 4/1991, p. 199 - 202.
Tharun, G., Thanh, N.C., Bidwell, R. (Eds.): Environmental Management for Developing Countries, Vol. 2 (Waste and Water Pollution Control - Evaluation and Decision Making) and Vol. 3 (Environmental Assessment and Management), Asian Institute of Technology Continuing Education Center Series, Bangkok 1983.
Wilson, D.C., Balkau F.: Adapting hazardous waste management to the needs of developing countries - an overview and guide to action, in : Waste Management and Research, Vol. 8, No. 2, April 1990, p. 87 - 98.
Loose-leaf collections / Supplements:
Birn/Jung: Abfallbeseitigungsrecht für die betriebliche Praxis, Loseblattsammlung.
BMZ/GTZ: Katalog umweltrelevanter Standards '84, Eschborn.
Hösel/Kumpf/Linder: Technische Vorschriften für die Abfallbeseitigung, Lose-blattsammlung.
Kumpf/Maas/Straub: Müll- und Abfallbeseitigung (Müllhandbuch), Loseblatt-sammlung.
Wetzbacher: Neue Datenblätter für gefährliche Arbeitsstoffe nach der Gefahr-stoffverordnung.
Annexes
Annex 1 - Categories of wastes to be controlled under the basel convention
Waste streams
Y 1 Clinical wastes,
from medical care in hospitals, medical centres and clinics
Y
2 Wastes from the production and preparation of pharmaceutical products
Y 3 Waste medicines, drugs and wastes from pharmaceutical products
Y 4 Wastes from the production, formulation and use of
biocides and phyto-pharmaceuticals
Y 5 Waste from the manufacture, formulation and use of wood preserving chemicals
Y 6 Wastes from the production, formulation and use of organic solvents
Y 7
Wastes from heat treatment and tempering operations containing cyanides
Y 8 Waste mineral oil, unfit for its originally intended use
Y 9 Hydrocarbon/water mixtures, emulsions
Y 10 Waste substances and articles containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and/or polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) and/or
polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
Y 11 Waste tarry residues arising from refining, distillation and pyrolytic processes
Y 12 Wastes from production, formulation and use of inks, dyes, pigments, paints, lacquers and varnish
Y 13 Wastes from the production, formulation and use of resins, latex, plastics, glues/adhesives
Y 14 Waste chemical substances arising from research and development or teaching activities and which are not identified and/or are new and whose effects on
man and/or the environment are not known
Y 15 Wastes
of an explosive nature not subject to other legislation
Y
16 Wastes from the production, formulation and use of photographic
chemicals
Y 17 Wastes resulting from surface treatment and finishing
of metals and plastics
Y 18 Residues arising from industrial
waste disposal operations
Waste having as constituents
Y 19 Metal carbonyls
Y 20 Beryllium, beryllium compounds
Y 21 Hexavalent chromium compounds
Y 22 Copper compounds
Y 23 Zinc compounds
Y 24 Arsenic, arsenic compounds
Y 25 Selenium, selenium compounds
Y 26 Cadmium, cadmium compounds
Y 27 Antimony, antimony compounds
Y 28 Tellurium, tellurium compounds
Y 29 Mercury, mercury compounds
Y 30 Thallium, thallium compounds
Y 31 Lead, lead compounds
Y 32 Inorganic fluorine compounds excluding calcium fluoride
Y 33 Inorganic cyanides
Y 34 Acid solutions or acids in solid form
Y 35 Basic solutions or bases in solid form
Y 36 Asbestos (dust and fibres)
Y 37 Organic phosphorus compounds
Y 38 Organic cyanides
Y 39 Phenols: phenol compounds including chlorophenols
Y 40 Ethers
Y 41 Halogenated organic solvents
Y 42 Organic solvents excluding halogenated solvents
Y 43 All substances, polluted with polychlorinated dibenzo-furans
Y 44 All substances, polluted with
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
Y 45 Organohalogen compounds other than those substances referred to in this Annex.
Annex 2 - List of hazardous characteristics in accordance with the basel convention
Hazardous characteristics |
Code number |
Characteristics |
1 |
H1 |
Explosive substances or waste |
3 |
H3 |
Flammable liquids |
4.1 |
H4.1 |
Flammable solids |
4.2 |
H4.2 |
Substances or wastes liable to
spontaneous combustion |
4.3 |
H4.3 |
Substances
or wastes which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases |
5.1 |
H5.1 |
Oxidising substances or wastes which, while in themselves not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other materials. |
5.2 |
H5.2 |
Organic peroxides |
6.1 |
H6.1 |
Poisonous substances (with acute action) |
6.2 |
H6.2 |
Infectious substances |
8. |
H8 |
Corrosives |
9. |
H10 |
Liberation of toxic
gases in contact with air or water |
9. |
H11 |
Toxic substances (with delayed or chronic
action) |
9. |
H12 |
Ecotoxic substances |
9. |
H13 |
Substances, capable, by any means, after disposal, of yielding another material, e.g. leachate, which possesses any of the characteristics listed above. |
Annex 3 - Disposal operations under the basel convention
A Operations which do not lead to the possibility of resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses
D1 Deposit into or
onto land, (i.e. landfill etc.)
D2 Land treatment (e.g. biodegradation
of liquid or sludgy discards in soils etc.)
D3 Deep
injection (e.g. injection of pumpable discards into wells, salt domes
or naturally occurring repositories etc.)
D4 Surface impoundment (e.g. placement
of liquid or sludge discards into pits, ponds, lagoons etc.)
D5 Specially engineered landfills (e.g. placement into lined, discrete cells,
which are capped and isolated from one other and the
environment etc.)
D6 Release into a water body except seas/oceans
D7 Release into seas/oceans including sea-bed insertion
D8 Biological treatment
not specified elsewhere in this Annex which results in final
compounds or mixtures which are discarded by means of any
of the operations in Section A
D9 Physico-chemical treatment not
specified elsewhere in this Annex which results in final compounds
or mixtures which are discarded by means of any of
the operations described in Section A (e.g. evaporation, drying, calcination,
neutralisation, precipitation etc.)
D10 Incineration on land
D11 Incineration at
sea
D12 Permanent storage (e.g. emplacement of containers in a
mine etc.)
D13 Blending or mixing prior to submission to
any of the operations in Section A
D14 Repackaging prior
to submission to any of the operations in Section A
D15 Storage pending any of the operations in Section A
(temporary storage).
B. Operations which may lead to resource
recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses
R1 Use as a fuel (other than in direct incineration) or other
means to generate energy
R2 Solvent reclamation/regeneration
R3
Recycling/reclamation of organic substances which are not used as solvents
R4 Recycling/reclamation of metals and metal compounds
R5 Recycling reclamation
of inorganic materials
R6 Regeneration of acids or bases
R7
Recovery of components used for pollution abatement
R8 Recovery of
components from catalysts
R9 Used oil re-refining or other reuses
of previously used oil
R10 Land treatment resulting in benefit
to agriculture or ecological improvement
R11 Use of residual materials
obtained from any of the operations numbered R1-R10
R12 Exchange
of wastes for submission to any of the operations numbered
in R1-R11
R13 Accumulation of materials intended for any operation
described in Section B.
Annex 4 - List of toxic or dangerous substances and materials
According to the Annex to the EC Directive on toxic and dangerous waste of 20 March 1978 (78/319/EEC - O.J. L 84 of 31 March 1978, p. 43)
1 Arsenic; arsenic compounds
2 Mercury, mercury compounds
3 Cadmium;
cadmium compounds
4 Thallium; thallium compounds
5 Beryllium; beryllium compounds
6 Chrome 6 compounds
7 Lead; lead compounds
8 Antimony;
antimony compounds
9 Phenols; phenol compounds
10 Cyanides, organic and inorganic
11 Isocyanates
12 Organic-halogen compounds, excluding inert polymeric materials
and other substances referred to in this list or covered
by other Directives concerning the disposal of toxic or dangerous
waste
13 Chlorinated solvents
14 Organic solvents
15 Biocides and phyto-pharmaceutical substances
16 Tarry materials from refining and tar residues
from distilling
17 Pharmaceutical compounds
18 Peroxides, chlorates, perchlorates and azides
19 Ethers
20 Chemical laboratory materials, not identifiable and/or new, whose
effects on the environment are not known
21 Asbestos (dust and fibres)
22 Selenium; selenium compounds
23 Tellurium; tellurium compounds
24 Aromatic polycyclic compounds (with carcinogenic effects)
25
Metal carbonyls
26 Soluble copper compounds
27 Acids and/or basic
substances used in the surface treatment of metals.
Annex 5 - Summary 1
Simple and practical scheme for the identification and classification of special wastes (e.g. Naples 1983) (excerpt)
(1) |
Consistency |
|
| ||
|
- solid |
- liquid |
- sludgy | ||
(2) |
Appearance/size of components |
|
| ||
|
Powder |
Emulsion |
wet | ||
|
· small particles |
· oily |
dry | ||
|
· medium particles |
· water-based |
non-aqueous | ||
|
· large particles |
· other base |
not known | ||
|
· not known |
· not known |
| ||
(3) |
Main components/origin |
|
| ||
|
· organic (of chemical or petrochemical origin) |
|
|
||
|
· organic (of biological origin) |
|
| ||
|
· metallic |
|
| ||
|
· inorganic and organic |
|
| ||
|
· inorganic |
|
| ||
|
· not known |
|
| ||
(4) |
Occurrence of |
|
| ||
|
· heavy metals |
|
| ||
|
· phenols and derivatives |
|
| ||
|
· cyanides and isocyanides |
|
| ||
|
· halogenated organic substances |
|
| ||
|
· organic solvents (non halogenated) |
|
| ||
|
· biocides, pharmaceuticals |
|
| ||
|
· tar residues |
|
|
||
|
· asbestos |
|
| ||
|
· oxidising organic materials |
|
| ||
|
· none of those mentioned |
|
| ||
|
· not known |
|
| ||
(5) |
pH value of waste material |
|
| ||
|
· acid |
|
| ||
|
· basic |
|
| ||
|
· neutral |
|
| ||
|
· not known |
|
| ||
(6) |
Combustibility |
|
| ||
|
· readily ignitable |
|
| ||
|
· ignitable |
|
|
||
|
· flammable |
|
| ||
|
· combustible |
|
| ||
|
· |
|
| ||
etc. |
|
|
|
Source: World Bank Technical Paper 93, Vol. I, p. 154 f.
Annex 6 - Summary 2 (A-O)
Checklist for special wastes
Type of works | Special wastes liable to occur (and other information) |
A |
|
Absorption of oils (in case of incident) |
Sawdust, inorganic solvents and chips soaked in oil |
Absorption of oils (in case of incidents) |
Sawdust, anorganic solvents and oil-soaked chips |
Absorption of other liquids and sludges (in case of incident) |
Sawdust, inorganic solvents and chips otherwise polluted, all possible solvents, acids and alkalis; inquire about substances |
Absorption of solvents |
Sawdust, inorganic absorbents and chips, solvent-soaked, HCs, CHCs, other organic solvents |
Absorption of solvents (in case of incident) |
Sawdust, inorganic solvents and chips soaked in solvent, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, other organic solvents |
Accumulator battery manufacture |
Lead-containing dust, sulphuric acid |
Acid sludge splitting plants |
Acid sludge preparation residues |
Air and gas cleaning, filtration processes |
Paper filters, asbestos filters, a very large number of hazardous materials possible |
Air and gas compressors |
Compressor condensates, used oils |
Aluminium production |
Bauxite residues, alkaline sludges (containing iron (III)), fluoric salts |
B |
|
Barrel and tank cleaning |
Sludge from tank cleaning and barrel washing |
Blast furnaces |
Slags with all heavy metals possible, sulphur compounds |
Blasting plants |
Heavy metals (arsenic, lead, mercury) |
Bleaching works, textile industry, cellulose production |
Hypochlorite spent lye |
Building and plant demolition |
Materials containing asbestos |
Building and plant demolition, oil and chemical incidents |
Rubble, chemically polluted with solvents, oil, PCBs, asbestos |
Buildings and wood preservation |
All paints, dispersants, solvents (e.g. chlorinated hydrocarbons, methanol, formalin, impregnating materials) |
C |
|
Cables and batteries production, lead production, lead foundries, lead processing, printing works, electrical engineering |
Lead-containing dust |
Capacitors |
PCBs |
Cellulose production |
Sulphite spent lye, wastewater/sludges containing cellulose |
Cellulose production, textile industry, bleaching works |
Hypochlorite spent lye |
Ceramic products and glass manufacture, textile industry, hardening shops |
Barium salts, lead salts |
Ceramic products and glass manufacture, textile industry, chemical industry, hardening shops |
Barium salts |
Ceramic products manufacture |
Barium salts, lead salts, oxides |
Ceramic products manufacture, manufacture and processing of glass, glazing preparation |
Glass and ceramic waste with product-specific admixtures |
Ceramic products manufacture, glass, glazing preparation |
Glass and ceramic waste with production-specific admixtures |
Ceramics industry, chemical industry, metallurgy |
Silicic acid and quartz waste with production-specific admixtures |
Chemical cleaning, redistillation |
Distillation residues, salt-and solvent-free; distillation residues, containing solvent (halogen-free), distillation residues, containing salt |
Chemical industry |
|
· Air and gas cleaning, filtration processes |
Paper filters, otherwise unpolluted, a very large number of hazardous materials possible (process-dependent) |
· Building and plant demolition |
Rubble, chemically polluted with solvents, etc. |
· Ceramics industry, metallurgy |
Silicic acid and quartz waste with production-specific admixtures (e.g. lead salts) |
· Chemical cleaning, redistillation |
Perchloroethane, tetrachloromethane, distillation residues, salt- and solvent-free, distillation residues containing solvents (halogen-free), distillation residues, containing salts |
· Chlorine production |
Barium sulphate sludge, containing mercury |
· Cleaning and degreasing of metal surfaces, manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar products, textile industry, plastics processing |
Nitrodilution, chlorinated hydrocarbons, other solvents |
· Commerce |
Fine chemicals of all types |
· Crop treatment products |
Copper chloride |
· Electroplating works, zinc coating shops, printing works |
Zinc hydroxide, hydrochloric acid |
· Leather production |
Alkali and alkaline earth sulphides, chromates |
· Manufacture, distribution and application of crop treatment products and pesticides | Old stocks of such products |
· Manufacture of ceramic products, manufacture and processing of glass, glazing preparation, electrical engineering, manufacture of fluorescent tubes, lamps, television tubes |
Glass and ceramic waste with production-specific admixtures |
· Manufacture of ceramic products and glass, textile industry, hardening shops |
Barium salts |
· Manufacture of detergent raw materials |
Arsenic trisulphide, phosphorus salts |
· Manufacture of detergents, cleaning and scouring materials |
Manufacturing residues from detergent manufacture, liquid surfactants, solid surfactants |
· Manufacture of nonferrous metals |
Salts of heavy metals, some water-soluble |
· Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar products |
Aromatic amines, glycol ethers, nitrodilutions, cresols, butanol, ethanol, other solvents, colouring pigments (some containing heavy metals) |
· Manufacture of pharmaceutical products, textile industry, manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar products |
Ethanol, butanol, organic active ingredients |
· Manufacture of viscose and dyes, gas cleaning |
Residues with elementary sulphur |
· Metal production |
Metallic salts and oxides of all types in various mixtures, some water-soluble, nearly always acid-soluble. |
· Neutralisation, flue gas desulphurisation |
Gypsum sludges with production-specific admixtures |
· Petrochemicals |
Hydrocarbons, tars, distillation residues, metallic soaps, chain and cyclic hydrocarbons |
· Photographic chemical works |
Other concentrates, some containing heavy metals |
· Plant construction, mineral oil processing |
Contact compounds |
· Plastics processing |
Manufacturing residues from plastics manufacture and processing, plastic sludges, containing solvents (halogen-free), aliphatic amines, plasticizers, additives |
· Transformers |
Transformer oils, thermal oils, possibly with traces of PCBs |
Chemical industry, metallurgy and other sectors, industrial wastewater treatment |
Other sludges from precipitation and solution processes with product-specific admixtures, salts containing cyanide |
Chemical industry, manufacture of crop treatment products and pesticides |
Old stocks of crop treatment products and pesticides |
Chemical industry, trading |
Fine chemicals of all types |
Cleaning and degreasing of metal surfaces, manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar products, textile industry, plastics processing |
Nitrodilutions, petroleum, solvents, chlorinated hydrocarbons, other solvents |
Cleaning and scouring products, detergents manufacture |
Manufacturing residues from detergent manufacture, liquid surfactants, solid surfactants |
Cleaning and scouring products, detergents manufacture |
Manufacturing residues from detergent manufacture, liquid surfactants, solid surfactants |
Coking works, gas works, petrochemicals |
Anthracene residues, naphthalene-containing residues, residues containing phenol, sludge from coking works and gas works wet dust scrubbers, distillation residues from tar oil production, phenol water, other sludges from coking works and gas works, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
Conductor plates manufacture |
Copper chloride, iron chloride, solutions/sludges |
Coolant manufacture and use |
Coolants, ammonia, CFCs |
Crop treatment products and pesticides manufacture, trading and application |
Old stocks of crop treatment products and pesticides |
Crop treatment products and pesticides manufacture, trading and application |
Old stocks of crop treatment products and pesticides |
D |
|
Decanting plants, emulsion separation plants |
Sludge from oil separation plants |
Detergent raw materials manufacture, chemical industry |
Arsenic trisulphide |
Detergents manufacture, cleaning and scouring products, chemical industry |
Manufacturing residues from detergent production, liquid surfactants, solid surfactants |
Dry flue gas cleaning |
Mineral residues from waste gas cleaning, cyclical organic compounds |
Dyes and viscose manufacture, gas cleaning |
Residues with elementary sulphur |
E |
|
Electrical engineering, lead production, foundries, printing works, manufacture of batteries and cables, lead processing |
Dust containing lead |
Electrical engineering |
Copper chloride |
Electrical engineering and electroplating works and electroplating divisions of works |
Electroplating slduge containing chrome (III), electroplating sludge containing copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt and noble metals |
Electroplating works, zinc coating shops, printing works, manufacture of printing blocks |
Zinc hydroxide |
Electroplating works, zinc coating shops, printing works, manufacture of printing blocks |
Zinc hydroxide |
Electroplating works and electroplating divisions of works |
Electroplating sludge containing cyanide, chrome (III), copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt or noble metals, other heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, tin |
Emulsion separation plants, decanting plants |
Sludge from oil separation plants |
Etching works, printing works |
Copper chloride solution |
F |
|
Filling stations, vehicle workshops |
Used oil, hydrocarbons, organic compounds |
Filling stations, motor vehicle workshops |
Used oil (containing PCBs?), hydrocarbons, solvents of all types |
Film development and copying |
Bleaching baths, containing silver |
Filtration processes, air and gas cleaning |
Paper filters, asbestos filters, a very large number of possible hazardous materials, process-dependent |
Flue gas desulphurisation, chemical industry, neutralisation |
Gypsum sludges with production-specific admixtures |
Foundries |
Organic adhesives possible (containing formaldehyde, phenol and cyanate), pyrolysis products |
G |
|
Gas and air cleaning, filtration processes |
Paper filters, asbestos filters, a very large number of hazardous materials possible, process-dependent |
Gas and air compressors |
Compressor condensates |
Gas and air compressors |
Compressor condensates |
Gas cleaning, manufacture of viscose and dyes, chemical industry |
Residues with elementary sulphur |
Gas works, petrochemicals, coking plants |
Anthracene residues, residues containing naphthalene, residues containing phenol , sludge from coking plants and gas works wet dust scrubbers, distillation residues from tar oil products, phenol water, other sludges from coking works and gas works, organic sulphur compounds, anthracene, toluol, xylol, phenol, phenandrene, cyanide |
Gasworks, petrochemicals, coking plants |
Anthracene residues, residues containing naphthalene, residues containing phenol, sludge from coking plants and gas works wet dust scrubbers, distillation residues from tar oil products, phenol water, other sludges from coking works and gas works, organic sulphur compounds, anthracene, toluol, xylol, phenol, phenandrene, cyanide |
Glass, metal processing |
Grinding sludge containing oil |
Glass, metal processing |
Grinding sludges containing oil |
Glass and ceramic products manufacture |
Barium salts, lead salts, lead oxides |
Glass processing, manufacture of ceramic products, glazing preparation, electrical engineering, manufacture of fluorescent tubes, lamps, television tubes |
Glass and ceramic waste with product-specific admixtures |
H |
|
Hardening shop steel treatment |
Hardening shop sludge, containing nitrate, containing nitrite; hardening oils, sludges containing ammonia, sludges containing cyanide, barium carbonate sludge |
Hardening shops |
Thermal oils, usually free of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated terphenyls |
Horticultural establishments, market gardens |
Old stocks of crop treatment products and pesticides |
Hospitals |
Infectious waste, medicines of all types, mercury, cleaning products, infective matter |
Hospitals, laboratories |
Chromic-sulphuric acid, other corrosive or oxidising substances, other chemicals |
Hot-dip galvanizing, zinc production |
Dust containing zinc |
I |
|
Industrial wastewater treatment from the chemical industry, metallurgy and other sectors |
Other sludges from precipitation and solution processes with production-specific admixtures, salts containing cyanide, mercury salts |
Institutions, works laboratories, schools |
Laboratory chemical residues, biological waste |
Iron, steel and malleable iron casting and steel production |
Blast furnace dusts, tempering compounds, charging masses, blast furnace sludge; strippings from converters (basic slag), containing heavy metals |
Iron and steel production, iron, steel and malleable-iron casting |
Blast furnace gas dusts, blast furnace gas sludge, demolition of converters (Thomas steel) |
Iron and steel production, iron, steel and malleable-iron casting |
Blast furnace dusts, tempering compounds, organic adhesive compounds (phenol, formaldehyde isocyanates) |
L |
|
Laboratories, institutions, schools |
Laboratory chemical residues of all types |
Laboratories |
Corrosive, toxic substances and compounds of all types |
Lead foundries, printing works |
Lead dross |
Lead production, foundries, printing works, electrical engineering, manufacture of batteries and cables, lead processing, electrolysis |
Lead-containing dust, lead ash, lead sludge |
Leather production, chemical industry |
Alkali and alkaline earth sulphides |
Light metals production |
Slags from smelting electrolysis |
M |
|
Machinery and vehicle construction, electroplating works and electroplating divisions of works |
Electroplating sludge containing chrome (III), zinc, nickel, cobalt, noble metals |
Magnesium production, foundries, refineries, processing |
Dust containing magnesium |
Manufacture of clocks, electroplating works and electroplating divisions of works (such as e.g. machine and vehicle construction, electrical engineering, precision engineering and optics, manufacture of iron, sheet and metal goods |
Electroplating sludge containing Chrome (III), copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, noble metals |
Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar materials |
Nitrodilution, propanol, cresols, glycol ethers, ethanol, butanol, all other solvents, colouring pigments (some heavy metal oxides) |
Manufacture of tools |
Erosion sludge (petroleum and graphite) |
Metal and glass working |
Grinding sludges, containing oil |
Metal cutting, surface treatment |
Drilling, cutting and grinding oils, cooling lubricants, amines, nitrite salts |
Metal cutting, surface treatment |
Drilling, cutting and grinding oils; nitrites, amines (nitrous amines possible?), cooling lubricants |
Metal processing, refrigeration engineering |
Coolant solutions, CFCs, ammonia, solvents of all types, cooling lubricants |
Metal surface treatment |
Honing sludge, lapping sludge, honing oils |
Metal surfaces cleaning and degreasing |
Petroleum, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons |
Metal surfaces cleaning and degreasing, manufacture of paint, varnishes and similar products, textile industry, plastics processing |
Nitrodilutions, cold cleaners, chlorinated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons, other solvents |
Metal working, general |
Heavy metals, volatile CHCs, cooling lubricants |
Metallurgy, ceramics industry, chemical industry |
Silicic acid, and quartz waste with production-specific admixtures |
Metallurgy and other sectors, industrial wastewater treatment |
Other sludges from precipitation and solution processes with production-specific admixtures, salts containing cyanide |
Mineral oil processing, plant construction |
Contact compounds |
Mineral oil processing and storage, filling stations |
Volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons, petrols, benzene, diesel oil, aromatic hydrocarbons (benzol, toluol) |
Mineral oil refinement |
Waste acid, containing mineral oil |
Mining |
Hydraulic oils (some containing PCBs), used oils, lubricants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzol and naphthalene derivatives) |
Motor vehicles, scrap trade |
Battery acids, used oil, hydrocarbons |
N |
|
Neutralisation, flue gas desulphurisation, chemical industry |
Gypsum sludges with production-specific admixtures |
NF metal production, NF metal foundries |
Slags from NF metal melts, filter dusts, containing heavy metals |
NF metal production, foundries, refineries, processing |
Dusts in salt or oxide form containing metal, compositions and hazards possible |
NF metal production, NF metal foundries |
Slags from NF metal smelting (all metal compounds possible), filter dusts, containing heavy metals; residues of adhesives (formaldehyde, isocyanate etc.) |
NF metal production, foundries, refineries, processing |
Dusts and salts containing metal of all compositions and hazards are possible; filters and filter residues containing metal dust |
NF metals production |
Heavy metal sulphides, vanadium salts, chromium salts, lead sulphates |
O |
|
Oil accidents |
Used oil binders, PCBs (?), asbestos (?) |
Oil and chemical incidents, building and plant demolition |
Rubble, chemically polluted with solvents, oil, PCBs (?), asbestos (?) |
Optical industry, electroplating works and electroplating divisions of works |
Electroplating sludge containing chrome (III), copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, noble metals |
P |
|
Paint shops, painting works, trading |
Old lacquers, old paints, solvents of all types |
Paint shops |
Paint shop waste, paints, lacquers, all solvents |
Painting works, painting shops, trading |
Old lacquers, old paints |
Painting works, textile industry, carpet manufacture |
Latex sludges, latex emulsions |
Petrochemicals |
Paraffin oil sludge |
Petrochemicals |
Coking works |
Petrochemicals, coking works, gas works |
Distillation residues from tar oil production; phenol water; anthracene residues, residues containing naphthalene, residues containing phenol, paraffin oil sludge; metallic soaps; other sludges from petrochemicals |
Pharmaceutical products manufacture, processing of animal organs |
Protein waste; infection hazard (?) |
Phosphating, heat treatment and tempering operations |
Phosphating sludge |
Photographic chemical works, photographic laboratories, radiography laboratories, printing works, manufacture of printing blocks |
Fixing baths, containing silver |
Photographic chemical works, photographic laboratories, radiography laboratories, printing works, manufacture of printing blocks |
Fixing baths, containing silver, other concentrates |
Pickling plants |
Chromic-sulphuric acid or other corrosive or oxidising acids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, heavy metals |
Plant and building demolition |
Materials containing asbestos may occur |
Plant and building demolition after oil and chemical incidents |
Rubble, chemically polluted with oil, PCBs possible, asbestos |
Plastics processing, manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar products |
Resin residues, not hardened |
Plastics processing, chemical industry |
Plasticizers, halogen-free |
Plastics processing, cleaning and degreasing of metal surfaces, manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar products, textile industry, chemical industry |
Nitrodilutions, CHCs |
Plastics processing, manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar products, chemical industry |
Cresols |
Plastics processing |
Aliphatic amines, manufacturing residues from plastics manufacturing and processing, plastics sludges, containing solvents, residues of resin oil, CFCs |
Plastics processing, manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar products |
Resin residues |
Precision engineering and electroplating works and electroplating divisions of works |
Electroplating sludge containing chrome (III), electroplating sludge containing copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt and noble metals |
Printing block production, printing works, zinc coating shops |
Zinc sludge |
Printing block production, photographic chemical works, photographic laboratories, radiography laboratories, printing works |
Fixing baths, containing silver |
Printing block production, electroplating works, zinc coating shops, printing works, chemical industry |
Zinc hydroxide |
Printing ink manufacture |
Printing ink residues |
Printing works, lead foundries |
Lead dross, dust containing lead, printing ink residues |
Printing works, zinc coating shops, manufacture of printing blocks |
Zinc sludge |
Printing works, electroplating works, zinc coating shops, manufacture of printing blocks, chemical industry |
Zinc hydroxide |
Printing works, etching works |
Copper chloride solution |
Processing of animal organs, manufacture of pharmaceutical products |
Protein waste |
R |
|
Radiographic laboratories, photographic chemical works, photographic laboratories |
Fixing baths, containing silver |
Railways |
Battery acids, hydrocarbons, used oils, insecticides/pesticides |
Refrigeration engineering, metalworking |
Coolant solutions, ammonia, CFCs |
S |
|
Schools, institutions, works laboratories |
Laboratory chemical residues of all types |
Scrap trade, motor vehicles |
Battery acids, used oil, hydrocarbons |
Slags from blast furnace process and refuse incineration plants |
Heavy metals |
Starters of fluorescent tubes |
PCBs (if made before 1984) |
Substations, transformers |
Transformer oils, thermal oils, some free from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) possible; hydrocarbons, chlorobenzols |
Surface finishing, phosphating |
Phosphating sludge |
Surface finishing of metals |
Ammonium bifluoride |
Surface treatment, metal cutting |
Drilling, cutting and grinding oils |
Surface treatment and finishing |
Rinsing and washing water, sludges containing metallic salts, cyanide, ammonium bifluoride, phosphate |
T |
|
Tank and barrel cleaning |
Sludge from tank cleaning and barrel washing; hydrocarbons |
Tank farms |
Polluted heating oils, polluted fuels |
Tanneries |
Tannery liquor, chromates, alkali and alkaline earth sulphates |
Television tube manufacture, lamps, fluorescent lamps |
Glass and ceramic waste with production-specific admixtures |
Textile industry, texturing |
Acid oil waste |
Textile industry, cellulose production, bleaching works |
Hypochlorite spent lye |
Textile industry, carpet manufacture, painting works |
Latex sludges, latex emulsions |
Textile industry, manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar products |
Propanol |
Textile industry, manufacture and degreasing of metal surfaces, manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar products, plastics processing |
Nitrodilutions, ethanol, butanol |
Tool manufacture |
Glue and adhesive waste, putty and stopping waste |
Trading of paint products |
Old lacquers, old paints |
Transformers, substations |
Transformer oils, thermal oils, free of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) possible, hydrocarbons, chlorobenzols |
V |
|
Vehicle workshops, filling stations |
Used oil, hydrocarbons, lead-organic compound, alcohol |
Viscose and dyes manufacture, gas cleaning, chemical industry |
Residues with elementary sulphur, copper salts |
W |
|
Waste treatment plants |
Hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, used oil |
Wood preservation and buildings |
All paints, dispersants, solvents |
Z |
|
Zinc coating shops, printing works, manufacture of printing blocks |
Zinc sludge |
Zinc coating shops, printing works, electroplating works, manufacture of printing blocks, chemical industry |
Zinc hydroxide sludges |
Zinc production, foundry, hot-dip galvanizing, zinc processing |
Dust containing zinc |
Annex 7 - A proposed waste classification scheme
Waste types/Industry groups
|
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
J |
K |
L |
I |
Anorganic waste |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acids and alkalis |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
Wastes containing cyanide |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sludges and solutions |
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
containing heavy metals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wastes containing asbestos |
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Solid residues (n.f.s.) |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
II |
Wastes containing oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
III |
Organic waste |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Halogenated solvents |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
Non-halogenated solvent residue |
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
Wastes containing PCBs |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
Paint and resin wastes |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
Biocides |
x |
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
Other organic chemical |
|
|
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
residues (n.f.s.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IV |
Putrefactive organic waste |
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
V |
Wastes with high volume generation and low pollutant potential |
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
VI |
Mixed wastes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Infectious wastes |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
Laboratory wastes |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
Explosive wastes |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
n.f.s not further specified
Key, industry/waste groups
A Agriculture, forestry and food industry
B Mining and raw materials production
C Energy sector
D Metal production and processing
E Manufacture of non-metallic raw materials and industrial products
F Chemical and related industries
G Metal processing, motor vehicle production
H Textiles, clothing industry, wood working
J Paper manufacture, printing industry
K Health sector
L Services sector
A Agriculture, forestry and food industry
· Agriculture, forestry, fishery sector;
· Food sector: animal and plant products;
· Drinks industry;
· Animal feeds manufacture.
B Mining and raw materials production
· Mining and production of non-metal raw materials;
· Mining and production of metallic raw materials.
C Energy
· Coal production and recycling;
· Oil and gas industry, including oil and petrol production and other refinery products;
· Power generation;
· Drinking water production;
· Energy distribution.
D Metal production and processing
· Ferrous metals;
· Non-ferrous metals;
· Foundries.
E Manufacture of non-metallic raw materials and industrial products
· Minerals, ceramics and glass;
· Salt refining;
· Products containing asbestos;
· Abrasives.
F Chemical and related industries
· Petrochemicals;
· Production of primary chemicals and chemical starting materials;
· Production of paints, lacquers, colourings and adhesives;
· Manufacture of photographic products;
· Perfume industry and manufacture of soaps and detergents;
· Manufacture of consumer goods from rubber and plastic;
· Manufacture of explosives and blasting powder;
· Manufacture of biocides.
G Metal processing, motor vehicle manufacture
· Mechanical engineering;
· Manufacture of data processing equipment, computer industry;
· Electrical engineering;
· Automobile industry;
· Manufacture of other transport equipment;
· Plant construction, process engineering;
· Other metal-processing industrial sectors (n.f.s.),
H Textiles, leather and clothing industry, wood working
· Textiles, clothing and shoe industry;
· Fur and leather industry;
· Building timber, structural timber and furniture industry;
· Other non-metal processing industries (n.f.s.)
J Paper manufacture, printing industry, publishing
· Paper
and board manufacture;
· Printing industry, publishing, reproduction.
K Medical sector and health sector/veterinary services
·
Health; hospitals, doctors' surgeries and laboratories;
· Veterinary services.
L Other services
· Laundries, chemical and dry cleaning; dryers;
· Cosmetics institutions;
· Other services sectors (n.f.s.).
Source World Bank Technical Paper 93, Vol. I, p. 14f and 20f.
Annex 7a - Waste types according to the specimen classification scheme
Batstone, R., Smith, J.E., Wilson, D. (ed.):
The Safe Disposal of Hazardous Wastes, The Special Needs and Problems of Developing Countries, Vol. I, II, III; World Bank Technical Paper Number 93. A joint study sponsored by the World Bank, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), Washington D.C., 1989.
I INORGANIC WASTE
ACIDS AND ALKALIS
Waste streamsIndustry/process |
Industry groups | |
Acids |
|
|
Sulphuric acid |
Electroplating |
D |
Alkalis |
|
|
Alkaline detergents |
Metal degreasing |
D |
Wastes containing cyanide |
|
|
Untreated rinsing water |
Electroplating |
D |
Heavy metal sludges and solutions containing heavy metals |
|
|
Lead sludges |
Chlorine production |
F |
Untreated wastewater and wastewater treatment sludges |
Explosives manufacture |
F |
Solid residues (n.f.s.) |
|
|
Filter dusts |
Steel production |
D |
Notes:
(1) When using chromated copper arsenates
(2) Primary mat.
(3) Secondary mat.
n.f.s. not further specified
II WASTE CONTAINING OIL
Waste streams |
Industry/process |
Industry groups |
Used oils |
Car workshops, filling
stations, textiles |
G/L |
III ORGANIC WASTE
ORGANIC CHEMICAL RESIDUES (N.F.S.)
Waste streams |
Industry/process |
Industry groups |
Halogenated substances1) |
Propylene oxide/propylene glycol |
F |
Source: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1979. Halogenated Organic Wastes, Waste Management Paper No. 15, Annex 2, London. - adapted-.
1) no precise substance description has been given because of the large number of substances.
n.f.s. not further specified
III ORGANIC WASTE ORGANIC CHEMICAL RESIDUES (N.F.S.)
Waste streams |
Industry/process |
Industry groups |
Non-halogenated
substances1) |
Oil refining |
C |
Source: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1977. Tarry and Distillation Wastes and Other Chemical-Based Residues, Waste Management Paper No. 13, Annex 3. London. - adapted -.
1) no precise substance description has been given because of the large number of substances.
n.f.s. not further specified.
III ORGANIC WASTE ORGANIC CHEMICAL RESIDUES (N.F.S.)1)
Waste streams |
Industry/process |
Industry groups |
|
Dry
cleaning |
L |
Source: Adapted from Department of the Environment. 1977. Waste Management Paper No. 14, Annex 1. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
1) no precise substance description has been given because of the large number of substances.
n.f.s. not further specified.
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL WASTE
Waste streams |
Industry/process |
Industry groups |
Solid and liquid waste |
Manufacture of PCBs |
F |
III ORGANIC WASTE
BIOCIDE WASTE |
|
|
|
Chemical classes |
Waste types |
Industry/process |
Industry groups |
Insecticides |
Bottom residues |
Biocide manufacture |
F |
· Organo-phosphorus |
Filter media |
Biocide formulators |
F |
· Compound |
Separation products |
Packaging industry |
F |
· Organo-chlorine |
Packaging |
Importers |
F |
· Compound |
Clothing |
Wholesalers |
F |
· Carbamate |
Treatment domestic wastewater sludges |
Distributors/Retail trade |
F |
Herbicides |
|
|
|
· Phenols |
|
|
|
· Phenoxy acid |
Incident drainage |
|
|
· Substituted urea |
Cleaning |
|
|
· Triazines |
|
|
|
· Benzoic acid |
|
|
|
· Dinitroanilines |
Empty containers |
Use in agriculture |
A |
· Anilides |
Unused products |
Domestic use (animal care) |
A |
· Other |
Accidents |
Use in horticulture |
A |
Fungicides |
|
Industrial uses |
|
|
|
· Wood preservation |
H |
· Dithiocarbamates |
|
· Dyes industry |
F |
· Phtalimides |
|
· Paper industry |
I |
|
|
· Textile industry |
H |
|
|
· Electrical cables |
G |
|
|
· Tobacco |
A |
|
|
· Adhesives |
F |
|
|
· Building industry |
E |
|
|
Use in the public sector |
L |
|
|
Uses in the home and garden sphere |
L |
BIOCIDE WASTE
Waste streams |
Industry/Process |
Industry groups |
Varnishing residues |
Varnishing works |
G/H |
Old varnishes |
Painting/varnishing shops (trade) |
G/H |
Old paints |
Painting/varnishing works |
G/H |
Varnishing sludges |
|
|
Paint residues |
Manufacture of paints |
F |
Printing ink residues |
Manufacture of printing inks |
F |
|
Printing works |
J |
Resin residues |
Plastics production |
F |
|
Manufacture of paints |
F |
|
Manufacture of synthetic resins |
F |
Resin oil residues |
|
F |
|
Manufacture of resin |
H |
Paint residues |
Manufacture of paint |
F |
(1) Normally the waste contains a mixture of aliphatic solvents, resins and sometimes also heavy metals
IV PUTREFACTIVE ORGANIC WASTE
Decomposed vegetable oils |
Production of edible oil |
A |
|
Production of edible fat |
A |
Special oil residues |
Production of pharmaceuticals |
F |
|
Production of health care articles |
F |
Animal waste; including blood, faeces and intestines |
Abattoir |
A |
|
Meat production |
A |
|
Fish farming |
A |
Poultry waste |
Poultry farming |
A |
Fish waste |
Fish farming |
A |
Animal corpses/skeletons |
Stock farming |
A |
|
Pharmaceuticals industry |
F |
Skin, glues |
Tannery and fleece industry |
H |
Meat residues |
|
|
Tannery sludges |
|
|
Sludges and animal remains |
Intestine contents |
A |
Cooking remains, kitchen waste |
Processing of animal products |
A |
V Mass waste with relatively low hazard potential
Waste streams |
Industry/process |
Industry |
Drilling sludges |
Petroleum/gas production |
C |
Fly ash |
Power station cleaning |
C |
Materials from mining |
Mineral production |
B |
Contaminated soil |
Various |
Various |
Flue gas desulphurisation residues |
Power station cleaning |
C |
Phosphorus gypsum sludges |
Fertiliser production |
F |
Titanium dioxide sludges |
Dye production |
F |
VI Special wastes
Waste streams |
Industry/process |
Industry groups |
INFECTIOUS WASTE |
|
|
|
|
|
Special types of waste |
Stock farming |
A |
|
Resulting from veterinary quarantine |
K |
Pathogenic waste with communicable germs |
Health institutions |
K |
Animal and human tissue |
Microbiology laboratories |
K |
|
Hospitals |
K |
|
Biotechnology industry |
K |
|
Microbiology industry |
K |
Garments |
Hospitals |
K |
|
Institutions |
K |
Disposable materials(hospital waste) |
|
|
LABORATORY WASTE |
|
|
Waste pharmaceuticals |
Pharmacists |
L |
Laboratory chemical |
Manufacture of drugs/fine chemicals |
F |
residues |
Research institutions |
Various |
|
Chemistry laboratories |
Various |
EXPLOSIVE WASTE |
|
|
Armaments waste |
Armaments |
F/G |
TNT, azide |
Explosives manufacture |
F |
Nitrate of organic chemical waste |
Chemical synthesis |
F |
Annex 8 - Table: Classification of substances presenting problems for particular sectors
Product group1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sector |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
1. Locksmiths |
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
2. Blacksmiths |
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. Vehicle mechanics |
|
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
X2) |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
4. Filling stations |
|
X |
|
|
X |
|
X |
X2) |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
X |
5. Coach builders |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
|
X2) |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
6. Small electroplating works |
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
X |
|
X |
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
7. Painters/lacquerers |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
8. Joiners |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
X |
9. Shoemakers |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
10. Glaziers |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
11. Bookbinders/printers |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
X |
12. Building cleaners |
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
|
X |
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
13. Dyers/chemical cleaners |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
X |
14. Horticultural establishments |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
15. Hairdressers |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
X |
16. Hotels/inns |
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
17. Photographers |
|
X |
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
18. Artists/graphic artists |
|
|
|
X3) |
X |
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
19. Gold- & silversmiths |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
X |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
X |
20. Dental laboratories |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
X |
21. Dental practices |
X |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
|
|
X |
|
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
22. Medical specialist practices |
X |
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
23. Laboratory technicians |
|
|
|
|
X |
|
X |
|
X |
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
24. School/college laboratories |
|
|
|
|
X |
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
25. Pharmacists |
X |
|
|
|
X |
|
X |
|
X |
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
X |
26. Druggists |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1) Product definition;
2) Including
car care products;
3) Including printing and painting inks
1. Drugs and pharmaceuticals
2. Batteries
3. Pesticides
4. Paints, lacquers
5. Solvents
6. Adhesives, glues
7. Acids, pickles
8. Cleaning, care products
9. Oil and oil emulsions
10. Other materials and supplies
11. Used oil/other oil emulsions
12. Oil-soaked cleaning cloths
13. Solid chemical residues
14. Infectious cloths
15. Liquid chemicals
16. Empty disposable syringes
17. Liquid infusions
18. Other product-specific quantities of waste
Source: Hessisches Ministerium für Umwelt und Reaktorsicherheit (ed.): Hessische Abfallwirtschaftskonzeption, Anwenderhandbuch, Wiesbaden 1988, - adapted -.