ENERGY ALTERNATIVES: RENEWABLE
ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
TECHNOLOGIES
(a) Solar Cookers :
Three types of solar cookers have been developed: solar heat
boxes, which must be oriented manually and are composed of an
insulated box with double glazing; parabolic disk- type
reflectors that concentrate the direct beams on a focal zone
where the pot is placed; and a system in which solar
collection is separated from the cooking stove and heat is
transported by a working fluid. The latter makes it possible
to cook inside the house and to install a heat storage system
for cooking when the sun is not shifting. It is well known
that a number of promotional demonstrations of solar cookers
failed. Such factors as high unit costs, lack of storage
facilities for supplying heat to cook the food during evening
hours, unreliable units which could not withstand rural
conditions and inadequate social acceptability was responsible
for the failure. In the last two years, however,it seems that
the insulated box cooker in certain parts of India(especially
Gujarat state) has been introduced with a reasonable amount
of success. The collector surface and, therefore, costs of
solar cookers not only depend on average overall solar
radiation, types of fuel and cooking habits, but also on the
thermal efficiency of the cooker. These thermal efficiencies
are again related to design , materials and state of
maintenance of the equipment. Devices and corresponding
efficiencies are as follows.
Flat plate solar cooker : 10-20 per cent (of the total with
heat transport solar radiation)
Parabolic disk reflector: 60-70 per cent (of direct cooker
beam radiation)
Insulated box cooker : 35-45 per cent ( of direct beam
radiation)