ENERGY  ALTERNATIVES: RENEWABLE
ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
TECHNOLOGIES



Bio Energy from Animal Residues :

  Livestock :
  Livestock are an  important  component of an  agro  ecosystem. 
  For  instance, livestock provide the critical energy input to 
  the crop  lands  required for  ploughing, threshing and other 
  farm  operations. Animal  dung  provides  essential nutrients 
  required  for  soil  fertility and crop yields in the form of 
  organic  manure .  Data  collected  from  respective  Taluk's 
  Veterinary   Department    regarding   livestock   population.  
  Livestock  density (cattle and buffaloe), talukwise  in Kolar 
  district  is given in Table 1.
 Table 1: Talukwise density (number of villages in each range) in Kolar District:
Taluk < 0.5 0.5 - 1 1 - 1.5 1.5 - 2 2 - 2.5 > 2.5
Bagepalli
Bangarpet13811470331223
Chikballapur  1006522261427
Chintamani14012169421719
Gauribidnur81813718713
Gudibanda412815958
Kolar1321307015150
Malur14312357181113
Mulbagal160965417613
Sidalghatta140493513548
Srinivaspur151924722927
  This shows that in Kolar taluk  132  villages have an average 
  density less than 0.5 (livestock/hectare), 130 villages  have 
  density  in  the  range 0.5 - 1.0, 70 villages have a density 
  1.0 -1.5, while  remaining  30  villages have density greater 
  than 1.5. 

  Quantity of the  dung  yield per  cattle varies from place to 
  place - It is seen that dung available per animal (cattle) is 
  about 3-7.5 kg/adult  animal,  buffaloes  12-15 kg, stall fed 
  buffaloe  about  15-18 kg,  hybrid  ones  about 15-18 kg.  By 
  considering lower figures (such as 3 kg per animal for cattle,  
  12 kg/animal  for  buffaloes), total  dung available is about 
  3,71,991 kg/day. With  the  assumption of  0.036 m3 of biogas 
  yield per kg of cattle/buffaloes dung, we estimate that total 
  quantity of gas available(if all is used for biogas) is about 
  13,391 m3/day. It is  estimated  that  per capita requirement 
  of gas is about 0.34-0.43 m3/day for domestic purposes. Which 
  means, that gas  generated  by  animal  dung is sufficient to 
  meet  the  requirement of 19.62% of total population of Kolar 
  taluk.