ENERGY  ALTERNATIVES: RENEWABLE
ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
TECHNOLOGIES

  Energy systems should  be consistent with environmental, economic 
  and social sustainability in order to ensure regional sustainable 
  development. This  enhances both current and future  potential to 
  meet the human needs and aspirations. Sustainable  development, a
  process of change, in which, the  exploitation  of resources, the 
  direction  of  investments ,  the  orientation  of  technological  
  development  and  institutional  change  are in harmony. National  
  energy programme should prioritize  the  development of renewable 
  energy  sources, which  offer  the potentially  huge  sources  of 
  primary energy.
  The  path  for  sustainability in the next  millennium is the low 
  energy path through wise use of energy. Energy  conservation  and 
  energy  efficiency measures would certainly result in meeting the 
  energy  demand  with  as  little  as half the primary  supply  at 
  current  levels. This  requires  profound  structural  changes in 
  socio-economic  and  institutional  arrangements. Environmentally 
  sound, technically and economically  viable  energy pathways will 
  sustain human  progress in the long term future giving a fair and 
  equitable share of the underprivileged and poor of the developing 
  countries.
  Renewable energy  is  considered by some as the only hope for the 
  survival  of  planet  yet  by  others it is  viewed as a marginal 
  resource with limited resource. All too often, however, the facts 
  behind the role that renewable  energy can, and will, play in the 
  regional  energy  scene  are  disguised or ignored as rival camps 
  distort the evidence to suit their own  objectives. It was in the 
  light of this  confusion that the Energy Research Group at Centre 
  for  Ecological  Sciences, Indian  Institute of Science undertook 
  investigation in Kolar and  Uttara Kannada Districts in Karnataka 
  State, India to identify  the  potential  contribution of several 
  types of renewable energy sources: Solar, Wind, Hydro, Bioenergy, 
  etc. 
  In this regard it is necessary to:
  Include regional energy where relevant as one of the key elements 
  in the  overall  strategy for sustainable  development. Integrate
  programmes for food, water, energy and social development.
  Establish  regional  centres  of  excellence for renewable energy, 
  to provide  training, technology  support, and resource databases 
  appropriate to the regional needs. Develop and implement regional 
  demonstration  programmes  as  showcases of the best  elements of 
  renewable technologies.
  Gather, review and publicise  success stories involving renewable 
  energy, to give realistic  examples of what has been done and  is 
  possible.
  This  publication  provides a comprrehensive review of  Renewable
  Resources  from  a  technical  point  of  view, and  details  and 
  synthesises  the  results of the detailed  research undertaken at 
  Kolar  as a part  of  UNDP-NRDMS   programme of the  Ministry  of 
  Science  and  Technology, Department  of  Science and  Technology, 
  Government of India.