Despite a large body of work on high technology options for waste disposal, there is very little material appropriate for low-income countries. It is observed that inappropriate, expensive and unmanageable disposal systems are being implemented in many places. Numerous technologies / options are available in SWM, among developed countries. Replicating the same in low-income countries is inappropriate / incompatible. The success of waste disposal practices depends largely on overcoming the following constraints,

MUNICIPAL CAPACITY
The scale of task is enormous and regulatory authorities are able to collect only 60-70% of total waste generated (UNCHS 1994), so treatment and disposal inevitably receives less attention. Attempts are being made in a few instances to overcome this lack of capacity by privatizing this operation.

POLITICAL COMMITMENTS
Solid waste management is much more than a technical issues; it has implications for local taxation, employment, and regulation of public and managing authorities. Any change needs political support to be effective. However, it is rarely a priority for political concerns unless there is strong and active public interest. This is viewed as a cost to the "public" without apparent returns.

FINANCE, COST RECOVERY AND RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS
Deployment of a proper management system represents a major investment and it may be difficult to give it priority over other resource demands. Most of the waste management authorities are severely constrained by the lack of resource to finance their services. Since the collection and transport itself usually dominate SWM costs in developing countries, safe disposal invariably receives less attention where as in all other developed countries concentrate on all aspects of management.

TECHNICAL GUIDELINES
Standards of planning and implementation in high-income countries may not be appropriate in low-income countries due to difference in climate, resource, institutions, attitude priorities, etc. However, relatively little appropriate guidance is available for low-income countries. Arising from this uncertainty, officials find themselves ill equipped to plan management strategies, which are both achievable and avoid unacceptable environmental hazards.

INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Though managing wastes effectively is the responsibility of the municipality, there is no clearly stated vision of management (i.e. sufficient priority is not given to SWM). Existing vision is accompanied by a typical apathy to solid waste is an "out of sight is out of mind" attitude by the municipalities and public because of strict rule and regulations are not implemented just like as in prevention of emission of water and air pollutants. Waste management necessities the co-ordination of all authorities concerned and may involve departments that are accustomed to acting independently but the lack of accountability in all levels of management. Among the authorities, the roles and responsibilities of different departments need to be clearly defined and accepted by all concerned. Some smaller towns may not have staff with specific responsibility for providing a solid waste management service.

INADEQUATE LEGAL PROVISIONS
In most countries, the laws and regulations on solid waste management are outmoded and fragmented and hence are inadequate to deal effectively with the modern complications of managing wastes in large cities. Most of the laws deal with the general tidiness of the city streets, waste collection and their disposal at places away from settlements. Even these inadequate laws are not fully enforced. This aggravates the situation further.