A REVISED LIST OF AMPHIBIANS OF THE
The voluminous and exhaustive paper of
Frost et al (2006) entitled The Amphibian Tree of Life has certainly
changed or at least has opened up a healthy debate in the amphibian phylogeny.
The species names and list that exclusively deals with current scenario in the
Amphibia Gray, 1825
Gymnophiona Müller, 1832
Ichthyophiidae Taylor, 1968
“Ichthyophis” Fitzinger, 1826
Uraeotyphlus Peters, 1880 “1879”
Caeciliidae Rafinesque, 1814
Gegeneophis Peters, 1880
Indotyphlus Taylor, 1960
Anura Fischer von Waldheim, 1831
Sooglossidae Noble, 1931
Nasikabatrachus Biju and Bossuyt, 2003
Bufonidae Gray 1825
Bufo Laurenti, 1768
Pedostibes Günther, 1876
“1875”
Microhylidae Günther, 1858 (1843)
Ramanella Rao and Ramanna, 1925
Uperodon Duméril and Bibron, 1841
Melanobatrachinae
Noble, 1931
Melanobatrachus Beddome, 1878
Microhylinae Günther, 1858
(1843)
Kaloula Gray, 1831
Microhyla Tschudi, 1838
Micrixalidae Dubois, Ohler and Biju, 2001
Micrixalus
Boulenger, 1888
Petropedetidae Noble, 1931
Indirana
Laurent, 1986
Dicroglossidae Anderson, 1871
Dicroglossinae Anderson, 1871
Euphlyctis
Fitzinger, 1843
“Fejervarya”
Bolkay, 1915
Hoplobatrachus
Peters, 1863
Minervarya
Dubois, Ohler
and Biju, 2001
Sphaerotheca
Günther, 1859 “1858”
Rhacophoridae Hoffman, 1932 (1858)
Rhacophorinae Hoffman,
1932 (1858)
Philautus
Gistel, 1848
Polypedates Tschudi, 1838
Rhacophorus Kuhl and
Nyctibatrachidae Blommers-Schlösser, 1993
Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882
Ranidae Rafinesque, 1814
Clinotarsus
Mivart, 1869
Hydrophylax
Fitzinger, 1843
Sylvirana
Dubois, 1992
Table
1. Amphibians of the
Order |
Family |
Subfamily |
Genera |
Species |
Endemic to WG |
Gymnophiona |
Caeciliidae |
|
Gegeneophis |
8 |
8 |
|
|
|
Indotyphlus |
2 |
2 |
|
Ichthyophiidae |
|
Ichthyophis |
7 |
7 |
|
|
|
Uraeotyphlus |
5 |
5 |
Anura |
Sooglossidae |
|
Nasikabatrachus |
1 |
1 |
|
Bufonidae |
|
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
Bufo |
10 |
7 |
|
|
|
Pedostibes |
1 |
1 |
|
Microhylidae |
|
Ramanella |
6 |
5 |
|
|
|
Uperodon |
2 |
0 |
|
|
Melanobatrachinae
|
Melanobatrachus |
1 |
1 |
|
|
Microhylinae
|
Kaloula |
1 |
0 |
|
|
|
Microhyla |
3 |
1 |
|
Micrixalidae |
|
Micrixalus |
11 |
11 |
|
Petrapedatidae |
|
Indirana |
10 |
10 |
|
Dicroglossidae |
Dicroglossinae |
Euphlyctis |
2 |
0 |
|
|
|
Fejervarya
|
10 |
8 |
|
|
|
Hoplobatrachus |
2 |
0 |
|
|
|
Minervarya |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
Sphaerotheca |
4 |
1 |
|
Rhacophoridae |
Rhacophorinae
|
Philautus
|
19 |
19 |
|
|
|
Polypedates
|
4 |
2 |
|
|
|
Rhacophorus |
5 |
5 |
|
Nycitbatrachidae |
|
Nyctibatrachus |
12 |
12 |
|
Ranidae |
|
Clinotarsus |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
Sylvirana |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
Hydrophylax |
1 |
0 |
2 |
11 |
4 |
27 |
133 |
112 |
Table
2. Checklist of endemic amphibians of
Sl. No. |
Name |
Authority, Year |
IUCN criteria1 |
Order:
Gymnophiona
Family:
Icthyophiidae
1.
|
Ichthyophis beddomei |
Peters, 1879 |
Least concerned |
2.
|
Ichthyophis bombayensis |
|
Data deficient |
3.
|
Ichthyophis longicephalus |
Pillai, 1986 |
Data deficient |
4.
|
Ichthyophis malabarensis |
|
Data deficient |
5.
|
Ichthyophis peninsularis |
|
Data deficient |
6.
|
Ichthyophis subterrestris |
|
Data deficient |
7.
|
Ichthyophis tricolor |
|
Least concerned |
8.
|
Uraeotyphlus interruptus |
Pillai & Ravichandran, 1999 |
Data deficient |
9.
|
Uraeotyphlus malabaricus |
(Beddome,
1870) |
Data deficient |
10.
|
Uraeotyphlus menoni |
|
Data deficient |
11.
|
Uraeotyphlus narayani |
Seshachar, 1939 |
Data deficient |
12.
|
Uraeotyphlus oxyurus |
(Dumeril
& Bibron, 1841) |
Data deficient |
Family:
Caeciliidae
13.
|
Gegeneophis carnosus |
(Beddome,
1870) |
Data deficient |
14.
|
Gegeneophis danieli |
Giri, Wilkinson
& Gower, 2003 |
Data deficient |
15.
|
Gegeneophis fulleri |
(Alcock,
1904) |
Data deficient |
16.
|
Gegeneophis krishnii |
Pillai & Ravichandran, 1999 |
Data deficient |
17.
|
Gegeneophis madhavorum |
Bhatta & Srinivasa, 2004 |
Data deficient |
18.
|
Gegeneophis nadakarnii |
Bhatta & Prashanth, 2004 |
Data deficient |
19.
|
Gegeneophis ramaswamii |
|
Least concerned |
20.
|
Gegeneophis seshachari |
Ravichandran, Gower and
Wilkinson, 2003 |
Data deficient |
21.
|
Indotyphlus battersbyi |
|
Data deficient |
22.
|
Indotyphlus maharashtraensis |
Giri, Gower &
Wilkinson, 2004 |
Data deficient |
Order:
Anura
Family:
Sooglossidae
23.
|
Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis |
Biju & Bossuyt, 2003 |
Endangered |
Family: Bufonidae
24.
|
|
Günther, 1876 |
Endangered |
25.
|
|
Pillai & Pattabiraman, 1981 |
Vulnerable |
26.
|
Bufo beddomii |
Günther, 1875 |
Endangered |
27.
|
Bufo brevirostris |
Rao, 1937 |
Data deficient |
28.
|
Bufo hololius |
Günther, 1876 |
Data deficient |
29.
|
Bufo koynayensis |
Soman, 1963 |
Endangered |
30.
|
Bufo microtympanum |
Boulenger, 1882 |
Vulnerable |
31.
|
Bufo parietalis |
Boulenger, 1882 |
Near threatened |
32.
|
Bufo silentvalleyensis |
Pillai, 1981 |
Data deficient |
33.
|
Pedostibes tuberculosus |
Günther, 1875 |
Endangered |
Family:
Microhylidae
34.
|
Ramanella anamalaiensis |
Rao, 1937 |
Data deficient |
35.
|
Ramanella minor |
Rao, 1937 |
Data deficient |
36.
|
Ramanella |
(Jerdon,
1854) |
Near threatened |
37.
|
Ramanella mormorata |
Rao, 1937 |
Endangered |
38.
|
Ramanella triangularis |
(Günther,
1876) |
Vulnerable |
Subfamily: Melanobatrachinae
39.
|
Melanobatrachus indicus |
Beddome, 1878 |
Endangered |
Subfamily:
Microhylinae
40.
|
Microhyla sholigari |
Dutta & Ray,
2000 |
Endangered |
Family: Micrixalidae
41.
|
Micrixalus elegans |
(Rao,
1937) |
Data deficient |
42.
|
Micrixalus fuscus |
(Boulenger,
1882) |
Near threatened |
43.
|
Micrixalus gadgili |
Pillai & Pattabiraman, 1990 |
Endangered |
44.
|
Micrixalus kottigeharensis |
(Rao,
1937) |
Cr. Endangered |
45.
|
Micrixalus
narainensis
|
(Rao,
1937) |
Data deficient |
46.
|
Micrixalus nudis |
Pillai, 1978 |
Vulnerable |
47.
|
Micrixalus phyllophilus |
(Jerdon,
1853) |
Vulnerable |
48.
|
Micrixalus saxicola |
(Jerdon,
1853) |
Vulnerable |
49.
|
Micrixalus silvaticus |
(Boulenger,
1882) |
Data deficient |
50.
|
Micrixalus swamianus |
(Rao,
1937) |
Data deficient |
51.
|
Micrixalus thampii |
Pillai, 1981 |
Data deficient |
Family: Petropedetidae
52.
|
Indirana beddomii |
(Günther,
1876) |
Least concern |
53.
|
Indirana brachytarsus |
(Günther,
1876) |
Endangered |
54.
|
Indirana diplostica |
(Günther,
1875) |
Endangered |
55.
|
Indirana gundia |
(Dubois, 1986) |
Cr. Endangered |
56.
|
Indirana leithii |
(Boulenger,
1888) |
Vulnerable |
57.
|
Indirana leptodactyla |
(Boulenger,
1882) |
Endangered |
58.
|
Indirana longicrus |
(Rao,
1937) |
Data deficient |
59.
|
Indirana phrynoderma |
(Boulenger,
1882) |
Cr. Endangered |
60.
|
Indirana semipalmata |
(Boulenger,
1882) |
Least concern |
61.
|
Indirana tenuilingua |
(Rao,
1937) |
Data deficient |
Family: Dicroglossidae
Sub-family:
Dicroglossinae
62.
|
Fejervarya brevipalmata |
(Peters, 1871) |
Data deficient |
63.
|
Fejervarya keralensis |
(Dubois, 1980) |
Least concern |
64.
|
Fejervarya
murthii
|
(Pillai,
1979) |
Cr. Endangered |
65.
|
Fejervarya mysorensis |
(Rao,
1922) |
Data deficient |
66.
|
Fejervarya nilagirica |
(Jerdon,
1853) |
Endangered |
67.
|
Fejervarya parambikulamana |
(Rao,
1937) |
Data deficient |
68.
|
Fejervarya rufescens |
(Jerdon,
1853) |
Least concern |
69.
|
Fejervarya sauriceps |
(Rao,
1937) |
Data deficient |
70.
|
Minervarya sahyadris |
Dubois, Ohler & Biju, 2001 |
Endangered |
71.
|
Sphaerotheca
leucorhyncus
|
(Rao,
1937) |
Data deficient |
Family:
Rhacophoridae
Sub-family:
Rhacophorinae
72.
|
Philautus
anili
|
Biju & Bossuyt, 2006 |
|
73.
|
Philautus
beddomii
|
(Günther, 1876) |
Near threatened |
74.
|
Philautus bobingeri |
Biju & Bossuyt, 2005 |
Data deficient |
75.
|
Philautus bombayensis |
( |
Vulnerable |
76.
|
Philautus
chalazodes
|
(Gunther, 1876) |
Cr. endangered |
77.
|
Philautus charius |
Rao, 1937 |
Endangered |
78.
|
Philautus dubois |
Biju & Bossuyt, 2006 |
|
79.
|
Philautus flaviventris |
(Boulenger, 1882) |
Data deficient |
80.
|
Philautus glandulosus |
(Jerdon, 1853) |
Vulnerable |
81.
|
Philautus graminirupes |
Biju & Bossuyt, 2005 |
Data deficient |
82.
|
Philautus griet |
Bossuyt, 2003 |
Cr. endangered |
83.
|
Philautus luteolus |
Kuramoto & Joshy, 2003 |
Data deficient |
84.
|
Philautus nerostagona |
Biju & Bossuyt, 2005 |
Data deficient |
85.
|
Philautus ponmudi |
Biju & Bossuyt, 2005 |
Data deficient |
86.
|
Philautus signatus |
(Boulenger, 1882) |
Endangered |
87.
|
Philautus tinniens |
(Jerdon, 1853) |
Endangered |
88.
|
Philautus travancoricus |
(Boulenger, 1891) |
Extinct |
89.
|
Philautus tuberohumerus |
Kuramoto & Joshy, 2003 |
Data deficient |
90.
|
Philautus wynaadensis |
(Jerdon, 1853) |
Endangered |
91.
|
Polypedates pseudocruciger |
Das & Ravichandran, 1998 |
Least concerned |
92.
|
Polypedates
occidentalis
|
Das & Dutta, 2006 |
Data deficient |
93.
|
Rhacophorus calcadensis |
Ahl, 1927 |
Endangered |
94.
|
Rhacophorus lateralis |
Boulenger, 1883 |
Endangered |
95.
|
Rhacophorus malabaricus |
Jerdon, 1870 |
Least concerned |
96.
|
Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus |
Vasudevan & Dutta, 2000 |
Cr. endangered |
97.
|
Rhacophorus variabilis |
(Jerdon,
1854) |
Data deficient |
Family:
Nyctibatrachidae
98.
|
Nyctibatrachus
aliciae
|
Inger, Shaffer, Koshy & Bakde, 1984 |
Endangered |
99.
|
Nyctibatrachus beddomii |
(Boulenger,
1882) |
Endangered |
100.
|
Nyctibatrachus deccanensis |
Dubois, 1984 |
Vulnerable |
101.
|
Nyctibatrachus humayuni |
Bhaduri & Kripalani, 1955 |
Vulnerable |
102.
|
Nyctibatrachus hussaini |
Krishnamurthy, Reddy
& Gururaja, 2001 |
Endangered |
103.
|
Nyctibatrachus kempholeyensis |
(Rao,
1937) |
Data deficient |
104.
|
Nyctibatrachus major |
Boulenger, 1882 |
Vulnerable |
105.
|
Nyctibatrachus minor |
Inger, Shaffer, Koshy & Bakde, 1984 |
Endangered |
106.
|
Nyctibatrachus petraeus |
Kunte & Das,
2005 |
Data deficient |
107.
|
Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris |
Rao, 1920 |
Endangered |
108.
|
Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus |
Rao, 1937 |
Data deficient |
109.
|
Nyctibatrachus vasanthi |
Ravichandran, 1997 |
Endangered |
Family:
Ranidae
110.
|
Clinotarsus curtipes
|
(Jerdon,
1854, “1853”) |
Near threatened |
111.
|
Sylvirana aurantiaca |
(Boulenger,
1904) |
Vulnerable |
112.
|
Sylvirana temporalis |
(Günther,
1864) |
Near threatened |
Note: 1. IUCN criteria http://www.redlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001.html
Table
3. Checklist of non-endemic amphibians to Western Ghats
Sl. No. |
Name |
Authority, Year |
IUCN criteria |
Family: Bufonidae
113.
|
Bufo melanostictus |
Schneider, 1799 |
Least concerned |
114.
|
Bufo scaber |
Schneider, 1799 |
Least concerned |
115.
|
Bufo stomaticus |
Lutken, 1862 |
Least concerned |
Family: Microhylidae
116.
|
Ramanella
variegata
|
(Stoliczka,
1872) |
Least concerned |
117.
|
Uperdon
globulosus
|
(Günther,
1864) |
Least concerned |
118.
|
Uperdon systoma |
(Schneider, 1799) |
Least concerned |
Sub-family:
Microhylinae
119.
|
Kaloula taprobanica |
(Parker, 1934) |
Least concerned |
120.
|
Microhyla ornata |
(Dumeril
& Bibron, 1841) |
Least concerned |
121.
|
Microhyla rubra |
Jerdon, 1854 |
Least concerned |
Family: Dicroglossidae
Sub-family: Dicroglossinae
122.
|
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis |
(Schneider, 1799) |
Least concerned |
123.
|
Euphlyctis hexadactylus |
(Lesson, 1834) |
Least concerned |
124.
|
Fejervarya limnocharis |
(Gravenhorst,
1829) |
Least concerned |
125.
|
Fejervarya syhadrensis |
(Annandale, 1919) |
Least concerned |
126.
|
Hoplobatrachus crassus |
(Jerdon,
1853) |
Least concerned |
127.
|
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus |
Daudin, 1803 |
Least concerned |
128.
|
Sphaerotheca breviceps |
(Schneider, 1799) |
Least concerned |
129.
|
Sphaerotheca
dobsonii
|
(Boulenger,
1882) |
Least concerned |
130.
|
Sphaerotheca rolandae |
(Dubois, 1983) |
Least concerned |
Family: Rhacophoridae
Sub-family: Rhacophorinae
131.
|
Polypedates leucomystax |
(Gravenhorst,
1829) |
Least concerned |
132.
|
Polypedates maculates |
(Gray, 1834) |
Least concerned |
Family: Ranidae
133.
|
Hydrophylax malabaricus |
Tschudi, 1838 |
Least concerned |
Table
4. Species earlier present in the
134.
|
Philautus leucorhinus |
Extinct |
135.
|
Philautus
variabilis
|
Extinct |
136.
|
Philautus femoralis |
Endangered |
137.
|
Philautus
temporalis
|
Extinct |
138.
|
Philautus adspersus |
Extinct |
139.
|
Philautus nasutus |
Extinct |
Table
4. Species that lost identity after 2001.
140.
|
Philautus
pulcherrimus
|
141.
|
Philautus crnri |
142.
|
Philautus hassanensis |
143.
|
Philautus melanensis |
144.
|
Philautus nobeli |
145.
|
Philautus parkeri |
146.
|
Philautus punctatus |
Reference:
Frost
DR, Grant T, Faivovich
J, Bain RH, Haas A, Haddad CFB, De Sá RO, Channing A, Wilkinson M, Donnellan
SC, Raxworthy CJ, Moler P, Drewes RC, Nussbaum RA, Lynch JD, Green DM, Wheeler WC.
2006. The Amphibian Tree of Life. Bulletin of the