National Parks

National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere Reserves in India

Introduction

Even before the Indian independence, sanctuaries had been created in the form of shooting blocks, game reserves or hunting reserves by the provisional governments or by the native rulers in their respective areas. In 1936, the first National Park in India was created and named as the Hailey National Park, now called the Corbett National Park, in Uttaranchal. The sections 18 to 34 of the Indian Constitution deal with Sanctuaries, section 35 deals with National Parks and section 38 empowers the Central Government to declare areas as Sanctuaries or National Parks (Negi, S.S., 1991).

National Parks

The term ‘National Park' should denote an area:

• which is, set aside for the protection and conservation of outstanding natural fauna, flora, geological formations and natural scenic;

• in which hunting, killing or capturing of fauna, or deprivation of any wild animal of its habitat, or destruction and collection of flora, and weapons are all prohibited except for the improvement and a better management of wildlife therein, and on condition that these issues are handled by, or are under the control of, the park authorities;

• where also, grazing [of any live-stock] shall not be permitted.

No alteration of the boundaries of a National Park shall be made except on the resolution passed by the legislature of the State (Wildlife Protection Society of India, 2003., Thane Riney, 1982).

Declaration of National Parks

Whenever it appears to the State Government that an area, whether within a Sanctuary or not, is, by reason of its ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological or zoological assosiation or importance, needed to be constituted as a National Park for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wild life therein or its environment, it may, by notification, declare its intention to constitute that area as a National Park. (Sub section (1) of section 35).

[Provided that where any part of the territorial waters is proposed to be included in such National Park, the provisions of section 26-A shall apply in relation to the declaration of a National Park.

Provided further that the limits of the area of the territorial waters to be included in the sanctuary shall be determined in consultation with the Chief Naval Hydrographer of the Central Government (Wildlife Protection Society of India, 2003).]

List of National Parks in India

S.No.	Name	Area of park (sq km)	Date of establishment	District	State
1	Kasu Brahmananda Reddy	1.42	1994	Hyderabad	Andhra Pradesh
2	Mahaveer Harina Vanasthali	14.59	1994	Hyderabad	Andhra Pradesh
3	Mrugavani	3.60	1994	Hyderabad	Andhra Pradesh
4	Sri Venkateswara	353.62	1989	Chittor & Cuddapah	Andhra Pradesh
5	Mouling	483.00	1986	Upper Siang	Arunachal Pradesh
6	Naldapha	1,985.23	1983	Changlang	Arunachal Pradesh
7	Dibru-Saikhowa	340.00	1999	Tinsukia & Dibrugarh	Assam
8	Kaziranga	471.71	1974	Golaghat & Nagaon	Assam
9	Manas	500.00	1990	Barpeta & Bongaigaon	Assam
10	Nameri	200.00	1998	Sonitpur	Asam
11	Orang	78.80	1999	Darrang & Sonitpur	Assam
12	Valmiki	335.65	1989	Pashchim Champaran	Bihar
13	Indravati	1,258.37	1981	Dantewada	Chhattishgarh
14	Kangerghati	200.00	1982	Kanker	Chhattishgarh
15	Sanjay	1,471.13	1981	Surguja, Koria	Chhattishgarh
16	Mollem	107.00	1978	North Goa	Goa
17	Bansda	23.99	1979	Valsad	Gujarat
18	Gir	258.71	1975	Junagadh	Gujarat
19	Marine (Gulf of Kachchh)	162.89	1980	Jamnagar	Gujarat
20	Blackbuck	34.08	1976	Bhavnagar	Gujarat
21	Kalesar	46.82	2003	Yamuna Nagar	Haryana
22	Sultanpur	1.43	1989	Gurgaon	Haryana
23	Great Himalayan	754.40	1984	Kullu	Himachal Pradesh
24	Pin Valley	675.00	1987	Lahul & Spiti	Himachal Pradesh
25	City Forest (Salim Ali)	9.07	1992	Srinagar	Jammu & Kashmir
26	Dachigam	141.00	1981	Srinagar	Jammu & Kashmir
27	Hemis	4,100.00	1981	Ladakh	Jammu & Kashmir
28	Kistwar	400.00	1981	Doda	Jammu & Kashmir
29	Betla	231.67	1986	Palamau	Jharkhand
30	Anshi	250.00	1987	Uttara kannada	Karnataka
31	Bandipur	874.20	1974	Chamarajanagar	Karnataka
32	Bannerghatta	104.27	1974	Bangalore	Karnataka
33	Kudremukh	600.32	1987	Chikmagalur & Dakshin Kannada	Karnataka
34	Nagarahole (Rajiv Gandhi)	643.39	1983	Mysore & Kodagu	Karnataka
35	Anamudi	7.5	2003	-	Kerala
36	Eravikulam	97.00	1978	Idukki	Kerala
37	Mathikettan Shola	12.82	2003	Idukki	kerala
38	Pambadum Shola	1.318	2003	-	kerala
39	Periyar	350.00	1982	Idukki	Kerala
40	Silent Valley	89.52	1984	Palakhad	Kerala
41	Bandhavgarh	448.85	1982	Umaria & Jabalpur	Madhya Pradesh
42	Fossil	0.27	1983	Mandla	Madhya Pradesh
43	Kanha	940.00	1955	Mandla & Balaghat	Madhya Pradesh
44	Madhav	375.22	1959	Shivpuri	Madhya Pradesh
45	Panna	542.67	1973	Panna & Chhatarpur	Madhya Pradesh
46	Pench (Priyadarshini)	292.85	1975	Seoni & Chhindwara	Madhya Pradesh
47	Sanjay	466.88	1981	Sidhi	Madhya Pradesh
48	Satpura	585.17	1981	Hoshangabad	Madhya Pradesh
49	Van Vihar	4.45	1979	Bhopal	Madhya Pradesh
50	Gugamal	361.28	1987	Amravati	Maharashtra
51	Nawegaon	133.88	1975	Bhandara & Gondia	Maharashtra
52	Pench	257.26	1975	Nagpur	Maharashtra
53	Sanjay Gandhi (Borivilli)	86.96	1983	Thane & Mumbai-Suburban	Maharashtra
54	Tadoba	116.55	1955	Chandrapur	Maharashtra
55	Keibul-Lamjao	40.00	1977	Bishnupur	Manipur
56	Balphakram	220.00	1986	South Garo Hills	Meghalaya
57	Nokrek	47.48	1986	East, West & South Garo Hills	Meghalaya
58	Murlen	200.00	1991	Champhai	Mizoram
59	Phawngpui Blue Mountain	50.00	1997	Chhimtuipui (E)	Mizoram
60	Intanki	202.02	1993	Dimapur	Nagaland
61	Bhitarkanika	145.00	1988	Kendrapara	Orissa
62	Simlipal	845.70	1986	Mayurbhanj	Orissa
63	Darrah	265.8	2003	Kota	Rajasthan
64	Desert	3,162.00	1980	Barmer & Jaisalmer	Rajasthan
65	Keoladeo Ghana	28.73	1981	Bharatpur	Rajasthan
66	Ranthambore	392.00	1980	Sawai Madhopur	Rajasthan
67	Sariska	273.80	1992	Alwar	Rajasthan
68	Khangchendzonga	1,784.00	1977	North & West Sikkim	Sikkim
69	Guindy	2.82	1976	Chennai	Tamil Nadu
70	Gulf of Mannar Marine	6.23	1980	Ramanathpuram & Tuticorin	Tamil Nadu
71	Indira Gandhi (Annamalai)	117.10	1989	Coimbatore	Tamil Nadu
72	Mudumalai	103.24	1990	Nilgiris	Tamil Nadu
73	Mukurthi	78.46	1990	Nilgiris	Tamil Nadu
74	Corbett	520.82	1936	Nainital & Garhwal (Pauri)	Uttaranchal
75	Gangotri	1,552.00	1989	Uttarkashi	Uttaranchal
76	Govind	472.08	1990	Uttarkashi	Uttaranchal
77	Nanda Devi	630.00	1982	Chamoli	Uttaranchal
78	Rajaji	820.00	1983	Dehradun, Garhwal & Haridwar	Uttaranchal
79	Valley of Flowers	87.50	1982	Chamoli	Uttaranchal
80	Dudhwa	490.00	1977	Lakhimpur Kheri	Uttar pradesh
81	Buxa	117.10	1992	Jalpaiguri	West Bengal
82	Gorumara	79.45	1994	Jalpaiguri	West Bengal
83	Neora Valley	88.00	1986	Darjeeling	West Bengal
84	Singhalila	78.60	1986	Darjeeling	West Bengal
85	Sunderbans	1,330.10	1984	North & South 24-Paraganas	West Bengal

Union Territories

86	Campbell Bay	429.00	1992	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
87	Galathea	110.00	1992	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
88	Mahatama Gandhi Marine	281.50	1983	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
89	Middle Button Island	0.64	1979	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
90	Mount Harriett	46.62	1979	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
91	North Button Island	0.44	1979	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
92	Rani Jhansi Marine	256.14	1996	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
93	Saddle Peak	32.54	1979	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
94	South Button Island	0.03	1977	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Sanctuary

The term ‘Sanctuary' should denote an area:

• which is, set aside for the conservation, protection and management of wildlife and its habitat;

• within which, destruction or damage, exploitation, weapons, hunting and grazing, are all prohibited except by, or under the direction or control of, the reserve authorities;

• where human settlement and other human activities are restricted and prohibited.

No alteration of the boundaries of a sanctuary shall be made except on a resolution passed by the Legislature of the State (Wildlife Protection Society of India, 2003., Thane Riney, 1982).

Declaration of Sanctuary

The State Government may, by notification, declare its intention under sub-section (1) of section 18 to constitute any area other than an area comprised within any reserve forest or the territorial waters as a sanctuary if it considers that such area is of adequate ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphiological, natural or zoological significance, for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wild life or its environment.

[Provided further that limits of the area of territorial waters to be included in the sanctuary shall be determined in consultation with the Chief Naval Hydrographer of the Central Government.] (Section 26-A, Wildlife Protection Society of India, 2003).

List of Sanctuaries in India

S.No.	Name	Area of sanctuary (sq km)	Date of establishment	District	State
1	Coringa	235.70	1978	East Godavari	Andhra Pradesh
2	Eturnagaram	806.15	1973	Warangal & Karimnagar	Andhra Pradesh
3	Gundla Brahmeswaram	1,194.00	1990	Kurnool, Prakasham	Andhra Pradesh
4	Kambalakonda	70	2002	-	Andhra Pradesh
5	Kaundinya	357.60	1990	Chittoor	Andhra Pradesh
6	Kawal	893.00	1965	Adilabad	Andhra Pradesh
7	Kinnersani	656.00	1977	Khammam	Andhra Pradesh
8	Kolleru	673.00	1963	West Godavari	Andhra Pradesh
9	Krishna	194.80	1989	Krishna & Guntur	Andhra Pradesh
10	Lanja Madugu Sivaram	36.29	1978	Adilabad & Karimnagar	Andhra Pradesh
11	Manjira	20.00	1978	Medak	Andhra Pradesh
12	Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam	3,568.09	1978	Guntur, Prakasham, Kurnool, Nalgonda & Mahboobnagar	Andhra Pradesh
13	Nellapattu	4.40	1976	Nellore	Andhra Pradesh
14	Pakhal	879.30	1952	Warangal	Andhra Pradesh
15	Papikonda	591.00	1978	East & West Godavari and Khammam	Andhra Pradesh
16	Pocharam	130.00	1952	Medak & Nizamabad	Andhra Pradesh
17	Pranahita	136.02	1980	Adilabad	Andhra Pradesh
18	Pulicat Lake	500.00	1976	Nellore	Andhra Pradesh
19	Rollapadu	6.14	1988	Kurnool	Andhra Pradesh
20	Sri Lankamalleswaram	464.42	1988	Cuddapah	Andhra Pradesh
21	Sri Penusila Narasimha	1,030.85	1997	Nellore, Cuddapah	Andhra Pradesh
22	Sri Venkateswara	153.32	1985	Chittoor, Cuddapah	Andhra Pradesh
23	D'Ering Memorial (Lali)	190.00	1978	East Siang	Arunachal Pradesh
24	Dibang	4,149.00	1991	Dibang Valley	Arunachal Pradesh
25	Eagle Nest	217.00	1989	West Kameng	Arunachal Pradesh
26	Itanagar	140.30	1978	Papum Pare	Arunachal Pradesh
27	Kamlang	783.00	1989	Lohit	Arunachal Pradesh
28	Kane	55.00	1991	West Siang	Arunachal Pradesh
29	Mehao	281.50	1980	Dibang Valley	Arunachal Pradesh
30	Pakhui	861.95	1977	East Kameng	Arunachal Pradesh
31	Sessa Orchid	100.00	1989	West Kameng	Arunachal Pradesh
32	Tale Valley	337.00	1995	Lower Subansiri	Arunachal Pradesh
33	Yordi-Rabe Supse	491.62	1996	West Siang	Arunachal Pradesh
34	Amchang	78.64	2004	Guwahati	Assam
35	Barail	326.25	2004	Barak Valley	Assam
36	Bardoibum-Beelmukh	11.248	1996	Dhemaji-Lakhimpur	Assam
37	Barnodi	26.22	1980	Darrang	Assam
38	Burachapori	44.06	1995	Sonitpur	Assam
39	Chakrasila	45.56	1994	Dhubri	Assam
40	Dihing Patkai	111.19	2004	Dibrugarh, Tinsukia	Assam
41	Diparbeel	4.14	1989	Kamrup	Assam
42	East Karbi Anglong	221.81	2000	Karbi-Anglong	Assam
43	Garampani	6.05	1952	Karbi-Anglong	Assam
44	Gibbon	20.98	1997	Jorhat	Assam
45	North Karbi Anglong	96	2000	Karbi-Anglong	Assam
46	Laokhowa	70.13	1974	Nagaon	Assam
47	Marat Longri	451.00	2003	Karbi-Anglong	Assam
48	Nambor	37.00	2000	-	Assam
49	Nambor Doigrung	97.15	2003	Karbi-Anglong	Assam
50	Panidihing	33.93	1999	Sibsagar	Assam

51	Pabitora	38.81	1999	Marigaon	Assam
52	Padumani-Bherjan-Borajan	7.21	1999	Tinsukia	Assam
53	Sonai-Rupai	220.00	1998	Sonitpur	Assam
54	Barela Salim Ali Zubba saheni	1.96	1997	Vaishali	Bihar
55	Bhimbandh	681.99	1976	Munger	Bihar
56	Gautam Budha	259.50	1976	Gaya	Bihar
57	Kanwarjheel	63.11	1989	Begusarai	Bihar
58	Kaimur	1,342.00	1982	Rohtas	Bihar
59	Nagi Dam	7.91	1987	Jamui	Bihar
60	Nakti Dam	3.32	1987	Jamui	Bihar
61	Rajgir	35.84	1978	Nalanda	Bihar
62	Udaypur	8.74	1978	Pashchim	Bihar
63	Valmiki	544.67	1978	Pashchim champaran	Bihar
64	Vikaramshila Gangetic Dolphin	50	1990	Bhagalpur	Bihar
65	Achanakmar	551.55	1975	Bilaspur	Chhattishgarh
66	Badalkhol	104.45	1975	Jashpur	Chhattishgarh
67	Barnawapara	244.66	1976	Raipur	Chhattishgarh
68	Bhairamgarh	138.95	1983	Dantewada	Chhattishgarh
69	Gomardha	277.91	1975	Raigarh	Chhattishgarh
70	Pamed	262.12	1985	Dantewada	Chhattishgarh
71	Semarsot	430.35	1978	Ambikapur	Chhattishgarh
72	Sitanadi	553.36	1974	Dhamtari	Chhattishgarh
73	Tamorpingla	608.51	1978	Ambikapur	Chhattishgarh
74	Udanti	247.60	1983	Raipur	Chhattishgarh
75	Bondla	8.00	1969	North Goa	Goa
76	Chorao Island	1.78	1988	North Goa	Goa
77	Cotigao	85.65	1969	South Goa	Goa
78	Madei	208.00	1999	North Goa	Goa
79	Mollem	133.00	1967	North Goa	Goa
80	Netravali	211.00	1999	South Goa	Goa
81	Balaram Ambaji	542.08	1989	Banaskantha	Gujarat
82	Barda	192.31	1979	Jamnagar & Porbandar	Gujarat
83	Gaga Great Indian Bustard	3.33	1988	Jamnagar	Gujarat
84	Gir	1,153.42	1965	Junagadh & Amreli	Gujarat
85	Hingolgarh Nature Education	6.54	1980	Rajkot	Gujarat
86	Jessore	180.66	1978	Banaskantha	Gujarat
87	Jumbogodha	130.38	1990	Godhra	Gujarat
88	Lala Great Indian Bustard	2.03	1992	Kachchh	Gujarat
89	Kachchh Desert	7,506.22	1986	Kachchh	Gujarat
90	Khijadiya	6.05	1981	Jamnagar	Gujarat
91	Marine (Gulf of Kachchh)	295.03	1980	Jamnagar	Gujarat
92	Nal Sarovar	120.82	1969	Ahmadabad & Surendranagar	Gujarat
93	Narayana Sarovar	444.23	1981	Kachchh	Gujarat
94	Paniya	39.63	1989	Amreli	Gujarat
95	Porbandar Lake	0.09	1988	Porbandar	Gujarat
96	Purna	160.84	1990	Dangs	Gujarat
97	Rampura Vidi	15.01	1988	Rajkot	Gujarat
98	Ratanmahal	55.65	1982	Dahod	Gujarat
99	Shoolpaneswar	607.70	1982	Bharuch	Gujarat
100	Thol Lake	6.99	1988	Mahesana	Gujarat

101	Wild Ass	4,953.71	1973	Kachchh, Rajkot, Mahesana, Patan, Banaskantha, & Surendranagar	Gujarat
102	Abubshehar	115.30	1987	Sirsa	Haryana
103	Bhindawas	4.12	1986	Rohtak	Haryana
104	Bir Bara Ban	4.19	1991	Jind	Haryana
105	Bir Shikargarh	6.67	1987	Panchkula	Haryana
106	Chhilchila	0.29	1986	Kaithal	Haryana
107	Kalesar	100.28	1992	Yamuna Nagar	Haryana
108	Khaparwas	0.83	1991	Jhajjar	Haryana
109	Kho-Hi-Raitan	22.27	2004	Panchkula	Haryana
110	Nahar	2.11	1987	Rewari	Haryana
111	Saraswati Plantation	44.53	1988	Kurukshetra & Kaithal	Haryana
112	Bandli	41.32	1974	Mandi	Himachal Pradesh
113	Chail	108.54	1976	Solan	Himachal Pradesh
114	Churdhar	56.15	1985	Sirmaur	Himachal Pradesh
115	Daranghati	167.00	1974	Shimla	Himachal Pradesh
116	Darlaghat	140.00	1974	Solan	Himachal Pradesh
117	Dhauladhar	943.98	1994	Kangra	Himachal Pradesh
118	Gamgul Siahbehi	108.85	1974	Chamba	Himachal Pradesh
119	Govind Sagar	100.34	1962	Bilaspur	Himachal Pradesh
120	Kais	14.19	1954	Kullu	Himachal Pradesh
121	Kalatop-Khajjiar	61.00	1949	Chamba	Himachal Pradesh
122	Kanawar	54.00	1954	Kullu	Himachal Pradesh
123	Khokhan	14.05	1954	Kullu	Himachal Pradesh
124	Kibber	1,400.50	1992	Lahul & Spiti	Himachal Pradesh
125	Kugti	378.86	1962	Chamba	Himachal Pradesh
126	Lippa Asrang	30.89	1962	Kinnaur	Himachal Pradesh
127	Majathal	40.00	1974	Solan	Himachal Pradesh
128	Manali	31.80	1954	Kullu	Himachal Pradesh
129	Naina Devi	123.00	1962	Bilaspur	Himachal Pradesh
130	Nargu	278.37	1974	Mandi	Himachal Pradesh
131	Pong Lake	307.29	1983	Kangra	Himachal Pradesh
132	Renuka	4.02	1964	Sirmaur	Himachal Pradesh
133	Rupi Bhaba	269.00	1982	Kinnaur	Himachal Pradesh
134	Sainj	90.00	1994	Kullu	Himachal Pradesh
135	Sangla (Raksham Chitkul)	650.00	1989	Kinnaur	Himachal Pradesh
136	Sechu Tuan Nala	102.95	1974	Chamba	Himachal Pradesh
137	Shikari Devi	72.00	1974	Mandi	Himachal Pradesh
138	Shilli	2.13	1974	Solan	Himachal Pradesh
139	Shimla Water Catchment	10.25	1958	Shimla	Himachal Pradesh
140	Simbalbara	19.03	1958	Sirmaur	Himachal Pradesh
141	Talra	26.00	1962	Shimla	Himachal Pradesh
142	Tirthan	61.12	1976	Kullu	Himachal Pradesh
143	Tundah	64.22	1975	Chamba	Himachal Pradesh
144	Baltal-Thajwas	210.50	1987	Srinagar	Jammu & Kashmir
145	Changthang	4,000.00	1987	Ladakh	Jammu & Kashmir
146	Gulmarg	180.00	1987	Baramula	Jammu & Kashmir
147	Hirapora	114.50	1987	Pulwama	Jammu & Kashmir
148	Hokersar	13.75	1992	Srinagar	Jammu & Kashmir
149	Jasrota	10.04	1987	Kathua	Jammu & Kashmir
150	Karakoram	5,000.00	1987	Kargil	Jammu & Kashmir

151	Lachipora	93.50	1987	Baramula	Jammu & Kashmir
152	Limber	43.75	1987	Baramula	Jammu & Kashmir
153	Nandini	13.50	1981	Jammu	Jammu & Kashmir
154	Overa	32.00	1981	Anantnag	Jammu & Kashmir
155	Overa-Aru	425.00	1987	Anantnag	Jammu & Kashmir
156	Ramnagar Rakha	12.75	1981	Jammu	Jammu & Kashmir
157	Surinsar Mansar	39.13	1981	Udhampur	Jammu & Kashmir
158	Trikuta	31.73	1981	Udhampur	Jammu & Kashmir
159	Dalma	193.22	1976	Singhbhum East	Jharkhand
160	Hazaribagh	186.25	1976	Hazaribagh	Jharkhand
161	Koderma	177.95	1985	Hazaribagh	Jharkhand
162	Lawalong	207.00	1978	Chatra	Jharkhand
163	Mahauaduar	63.25	1976	Palamau	Jharkhand
164	Palamau	794.33	1976	Palamau	Jharkhand
165	Palkot	183.00	1990	Gumla	Jharkhand
166	Parasnath	49.33	1984	Giridih	Jharkhand
167	Topchanchi	8.75	1978	Dhanbad	Jharkhand
168	Udhwa Lake	5.65	1991	Sahebganj	Jharkhand
169	Adichunchanagiri	0.84	1981	Mandya	Karnataka
170	Arabithittu	13.50	1985	Mysore	Karnataka
171	Attiveri	2.22	1994	Uttara Kannada	Karnataka
172	Bhadra	492.46	1974	Chikmagalur & Shimoga	Karnataka
173	Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple	539.53	1974	Chamarajanagar	Karnataka
174	Brahmagiri	181.29	1974	Kodagu	Karnataka
175	Cauvery	510.51	1987	Bangalore & Mandya	Karnataka
176	Dandeli	843.16	1956	Uttara Kannada	Karnataka
177	Doraji Bear	55.87	1992	Dharwad	Karnataka
178	Ghataprabha	29.78	1974	Belgaum	Karnataka
179	Gudavi	0.74	1989	Shimoga	Karnataka
180	Melkote Temple	49.82	1974	Mandya	Karnataka
181	Mookambika	247.00	1974	Dakshin Kannada	Karnataka
182	Nugu	30.32	1974	Mysore	Karnataka
183	Pushpagiri	102.92	1987	Kodagu	Karnataka
184	Ranebennur	119	1974	Dharwad	Karnataka
185	Ranganathittu	0.67	1940	Mysore	Karnataka
186	Sharavathi Valley	431.23	1972	Shimoga	Karnataka
187	Shettihalli	359.60	1974	Shimoga	Karnataka
188	Someshwara	88.40	1974	Dakshin Kannada	Karnataka
189	Talakaveri	105.59	1987	Kodagu	Karnataka
190	Aralam	55.00	1984	Kannur	Kerala
191	Chimmony	90.00	1984	Trichur	Kerala
192	Chinnar	90.44	1984	Idukki	Kerala
193	Idukki	70.00	1976	Idukki	Kerala
194	Mangalavanam Bird	0.027	2004	-	Kerala
195	Neyyar	128.00	1958	Thiruvananthapuram	Kerala
196	Parambikulam	285.00	1973	Palakhad	Kerala
197	Peechi-Vazhani	125.0	1958	Trichur	Kerala
198	Peppara	53.00	1983	Thiruvananthapuram	Kerala
199	Periyar	777.00	1950	Idukki	Kerala
200	Shendurney	100.32	1984	Thiruvananthapuram	Kerala

201	Thattekadu	25.16	1983	Idukki	Kerala
202	Wayanad	344.44	1973	Wayanad	Kerala
203	Bagdara	478.00	1978	Sidhi	Madhya Pradesh
204	Bori	485.72	1977	Hoshangabad	Madhya Pradesh
205	Gandhi Sagar	368.62	1981	Mandsaur	Madhya Pradesh
206	Ghatigaon	511.00	1981	Gwalior	Madhya Pradesh
207	Karera	202.21	1981	Shivpuri	Madhya Pradesh
208	Ken Gharial	45.20	1981	Panna & Chhatarpur	Madhya Pradesh
209	Kheoni	122.70	1982	Dewas & Sehore	Madhya Pradesh
210	Narsinghgarh	57.18	1978	Rajgarh	Madhya Pradesh
211	National Chambal	435.00	1978	Morena & Bhind	Madhya Pradesh
212	Nauradehi	1,194.67	1984	Damoh, Sagar & Narsimhapur	Madhya Pradesh
213	Orcha	44.91	1994	Tikamgarh	Madhya Pradesh
214	Pachmarhi	417.78	1977	Hoshangabad	Madhya Pradesh
215	Palpur-Kuno	344.68	1981	Morena	Madhya Pradesh
216	Panna	68.14	1979	Panna	Madhya Pradesh
217	Panpatha	245.84	1983	Shahdol	Madhya Pradesh
218	Pench	118.47	1975	Seoni & Chhindwara	Madhya Pradesh
219	Phen	110.74	1983	Mandla	Madhya Pradesh
220	Ralamandal	2.34	1989	Indore	Madhya Pradesh
221	Ratapani	823.84	1978	Raisen	Madhya Pradesh
222	Sailana	12.96	1983	Ratlam	Madhya Pradesh
223	Sanjay Dubri	364.59	1975	Sidhi	Madhya Pradesh
224	Sardarpur	348.12	1983	Dhar	Madhya Pradesh
225	Singhori	287.91	1976	Raisen	Madhya Pradesh
226	Son Gharial	83.60	1981	Sidhi, Shahdol & Satna	Madhya Pradesh
227	Veerangna Durgawati	23.9	1997	Damoh	Madhya Pradesh
228	Amba-Barwa	127.11	1997	Buldhana	Maharashtra
229	Andhari	509.27	1986	Chandrapur	Maharashtra
230	Aner Dam	82.94	1986	Dhule	Maharashtra
231	Bhamragarh	104.38	1997	Gadchiroli	Maharashtra
232	Bhimashankar	130.78	1985	Thane, Pune & Raigad	Maharashtra
233	Bor	61.00	1970	Wardha & Nagpur	Maharashtra
234	Chandoli	308.97	1985	Sangali, Satara, Ratnagiri & Kolhapur	Maharashtra
235	Chaprala	134.78	1986	Gadchiroli	Maharashtra
236	Deulagaon-Rekhuri	2.17	1980	Ahmednagar	Maharashtra
237	Dhyanganga	205.23	1997	Buldhana	Maharashtra
238	Gautala	260.61	1986	Aurangabad & Jalgaon	Maharashtra
239	Great Indian Bustard	8,496.44	1979	Solapur & Ahmednagar	Maharashtra
240	Jaikwadi	341.05	1986	Aurangabad	Maharashtra
241	Kalsubai	361.71	1986	Ahmednagar	Maharashtra
242	Karnala	4.48	1968	Raigad (Alibag)	Maharashtra
243	Katepurna	73.63	1988	Akola	Maharashtra
244	Koyana	423.55	1985	Satara	Maharashtra
245	Lonar	1.17	2000	Buldhana	Maharashtra
246	Marine (Malvan)	29.12	1987	Sindhudurg	Maharashtra
247	Mayureshwar Supe	5.15	1997	Pune	Maharashtra
248	Melghat	1,150.03	1985	Amravati	Maharashtra
249	Nagzira	152.81	1970	Bhandara	Maharashtra
250	Naigaon Mayur	29.89	1994	Beed	Maharashtra

251	Nandur Madhameshwar	100.12	1986	Nashik	Maharashtra
252	Narnala	12.35	1997	Akola	Maharashtra
253	Painganga	324.62	1986	Yawatmal & Nanded	Maharashtra
254	Phansad	69.79	1986	Raigad	Maharashtra
255	Radhanagari	351.16	1958	Kolhapur	Maharashtra
256	Sagareshwar	10.87	1985	Sangli	Maharashtra
257	Tansa	304.81	1970	Thane	Maharashtra
258	Tipeshwar	148.63	1997	Yawatmal	Maharashtra
259	Tungareshwar	85	2003	-	Maharashtra
260	Yawal	177.52	1969	Jalgaon	Maharashtra
261	Yedsi Ramlinghat	22.38	1997	Osmanabad	Maharashtra
262	Wan	211.00	1997	Amravati	Maharashtra
263	Yangoupokpi-Lokchao	184.80	1989	Chandel	Manipur
264	Baghmara Pitcher Plant	0.02	1984	South Garo Hills	Meghalaya
265	Nongkhyllem	29.00	1981	Ri Bhoi	Meghalaya
266	Siju	5.18	1979	South Garohills	Meghalaya
267	Dampa	500.00	1985	Mamit	Mizoram
268	Khawnglung	41.00	1991	Serchhip	Mizoram
269	Lengteng	120.00	1999	Champhai	Mizoram
270	Ngengpui	110.00	1997	Chhimtuipui (W)	Mizoram
271	Tawi	35.75	2001	-	Mizoram
272	Thorangtlang	50	2002	-	Mizoram
273	Pualreng	50	2004	-	Mizoram
274	Fakim	6.42	1984	Tuensang	Nagaland
275	Puliebadze	9.23	1980	Kohima	Nagaland
276	Rangapahar	4.7	1986	Dimapur	Nagaland
277	Badrama	304.03	1987	Sambalpur	Orissa
278	Baisipalli	168.35	1981	Nayagarh	Orissa
279	Balukhand konark	71.72	1984	Puri	Orissa
280	Bhitarkanika	672.00	1975	Kendrapara	Orissa
281	Chandaka-Dampara	175.79	1982	Khurda & Cuttack	Orissa
282	Chilka (Nalaban)	15.53	1987	Khurda, Puri & Ganjam	Orissa
283	Debrigarh	346.91	1985	Sambalpur	Orissa
284	Gahirmatha Marine	1,435.00	1997	Kendrapara	Orissa
285	Hadgarh	191.06	1978	Keonjhar & Mayurbhanj	Orissa
286	Karlapat	147.66	1992	Kalahandi	Orissa
287	Khalasuni	116.00	1982	Sambalpur	Orissa
288	Kotagad	399.05	1981	Phulbani	Orissa
289	Kuldiha	272.75	1984	Balesore	Orissa
290	Lakhari Valley	185.87	1985	Gajapati	Orissa
291	Nandakanan	14.16	1979	Khurda	Orissa
292	Satkosia Gorge	745.52	1976	Angul, Nayagarh, Boudh, & Cuttack	Orissa
293	Simlipal	1,354.30	1979	Mayurbhanj	Orissa
294	Sunabeda	500.00	1988	Nuapada	Orissa
295	Abohar	186.50	1975	Firozpur	Punjab
296	Bir Aishvan	4.67	1952	Sangrur	Punjab
297	Bir Bhadson	10.23	1952	Patiala	Punjab
298	Bir Bunerheri	6.50	1952	Patiala	Punjab
299	Bir Dosanjh	5.18	1952	Patiala	Punjab
300	Bir Gurdialpura	6.20	1977	Patiala	Punjab

301	Bir Mehaswala	1.23	1952	Patiala	Punjab
302	Bir Motibagh	6.40	1952	Patiala	Punjab
303	Harike Lake	86.00	1982	Firozpur	Punjab
304	Takhni Rehampur	3.82	1993	Hoshiarpur	Punjab
305	Bandh Baratha	192.76	1985	Bharatpur	Rajasthan
306	Bassi	152.90	1988	Chittaurgarh	Rajasthan
307	Bhensrodgarh	229.14	1983	Chittaurgarh	Rajasthan
308	Jaisamand	52.00	1955	Rajsamand	Rajasthan
309	Jamwa Ramgarh	300.00	1982	Jaipur	Rajasthan
310	Jawahar Sagar	100.00	1975	Kota	Rajasthan
311	Kela Devi	676.38	1983	Sawai Madhopur	Rajasthan
312	Kesarbagh	14.76	1955	Dholpur	Rajasthan
313	Kumbhalgarh	578.25	1971	Udaipur & Pali	Rajasthan
314	Mount Abu	288.84	1960	Sirohi	Rajasthan
315	Nahargarh	50.00	1980	Jaipur	Rajasthan
316	National Chambal	280.00	1979	Kota	Rajasthan
317	Phulwari Ki Nal	511.41	1983	Udaipur & Pali	Rajasthan
318	Ramgarh Vishdhari	301.00	1982	Bundi	Rajasthan
319	Ramsagar	34.40	1955	Dholpur	Rajasthan
320	Sajjangarh	5.19	1987	Udaipur	Rajasthan
321	Sariska	492.00	1955	Alwar	Rajasthan
322	Sawai Man Singh	103.05	1984	Sawai Madhopur	Rajasthan
323	Shergarh	98.71	1983	Baran	Rajasthan
324	Sitamata	422.94	1979	Chittaurgarh & Udaipur	Rajasthan
325	Tal Chhapper	7.90	1971	Churu	Rajasthan
326	Tadgarh Raoli	495.27	1983	Ajmer, Pali & Rajsamand	Rajasthan
327	Van Vihar	59.93	1955	Dholpur	Rajasthan
328	Barsey Rhododendron	104.00	1998	East Sikkim	Sikkim
329	Fambong Lho	51.76	1984	East Sikkim	Sikkim
330	Kyongnosla Alpine	31.00	1984	East Sikkim	Sikkim
331	Maenam	35.34	1987	South Sikkim	Sikkim
332	Pangolakha	128	2002	East Sikkim	Sikkim
333	Shingba (Rhododendron)	43.00	1984	North Sikkim	Sikkim
334	Chitrangudi	0.48	1989	Ramanathapuram	Tamil Nadu
335	Indira Gandhi (Annamalai)	841.49	1976	Coimbatore	Tamil Nadu
336	Kalakad	223.58	1976	Tirunelveli	Tamil Nadu
337	Kanjirankulam	1.04	1989	Ramanathapuram	Tamil Nadu
338	Karaivetti	4.54	1999	Perambalur	Tamil Nadu
339	Karikili	0.61	1984	Kanchipuram	Tamil Nadu
340	Kilaselvanur-Melaselvanur	5.93	1998	Ramanathapuram	Tamil Nadu
341	Kuthankulam-Kadankulam	1.29	1994	Tirunelveli	Tamil Nadu
342	Mudumalai	217.76	1942	Nilgiris	Tamil Nadu
343	Mundanthurai	567.38	1977	Tirunelveli	Tamil Nadu
344	Point Calimere	17.26	1967	Nagapattinam	Tamil Nadu
345	Pulicat Lake	153.67	1980	Tiruvellore	Tamil Nadu
346	Srivilliputhur	485.20	1988	Virdhunagar	Tamil Nadu
347	Udayamarthandapuram Lake	0.45	1998	Tiruvarur	Tamil Nadu
348	Vaduvoor	1.28	1996	Tiruvarur	Tamil Nadu
349	Vedanthangal	0.30	1925	Kanchipuram	Tamil Nadu
350	Vellanadu	16.41	1987	Tuticorin	Tamil Nadu

351	Vellode	0.77	1997	Erode	Tamil Nadu
352	Vettangudi	0.38	1977	Siva-Gangai	Tamil Nadu
353	Gumit	389.54	1988	South Tripura	Tripura
354	Rowa	0.85	1988	North Tripura	Tripura
355	Sepahijala	18.53	1987	West Tripura	Tripura
356	Trishna	194.70	1987	South Tripura	Tripura
357	Askot Musk Deer	593.93	1986	Pithoragarh	Uttaranchal
358	Binsar	45.59	1988	Almora	Uttaranchal
359	Govind Pashu Vihar	481.00	1955	Uttarkashi	Uttaranchal
360	Kedarnath	957.00	1972	Chamoli & Rudraprayag	Uttaranchal
361	Mussoorie	10.82	1993	Dehradun	Uttaranchal
362	Sonanadi	301.76	1987	Garhwal (Pauri)	Uttaranchal
363	Bakhira	28.94	1990	Basti	Uttar Pradesh
364	Chandraprabha	78.00	1957	Chandoli	Uttar Pradesh
365	Hastinapur	2,073.00	1986	Muzzaffarnagar, Meerut, Bijnore, Ghaziabad & Jyotibafuley Nagar	Uttar Pradesh
366	Kaimur	500.73	1982	Mirzapur & Sonebhadra	Uttar Pradesh
367	Katerniaghat	400.69	1976	Bahraich	Uttar Pradesh
368	Kishanpur	227.0	1972	Lakhimpur Kheri	Uttar Pradesh
369	Lake Bahosi	80.24	1988	Farrukhabad	Uttar Pradesh
370	Mahavir Swami	5.41	1977	Lalitpur	Uttar Pradesh
371	National Chambal	635.00	1979	Agra & Etawah	Uttar Pradesh
372	Nawabganj	2.25	1984	Unnao	Uttar Pradesh
373	Okhala	4.00	1990	Ghaziabad	Uttar Pradesh
374	Parvati Aranga	10.84	1990	Gonad	Uttar Pradesh
375	Patna	1.09	1990	Etah	Uttar Pradesh
376	Ranipur	230.31	1977	Banda & Chitrakoot	Uttar Pradesh
377	Saman	5.25	1990	Mainpuri	Uttar Pradesh
378	Samaspur	7.99	1987	Rae Bareli	Uttar Pradesh
379	Sandi	3.09	1990	Hardoi	Uttar Pradesh
380	Sohagibarwa	428.20	1987	Maharajganj	Uttar Pradesh
381	Sohelwa	452.47	1988	Shrawasti & Balrampur	Uttar Pradesh
382	Sur Sarovar	4.03	1991	Agra	Uttar Pradesh
383	Surha Tal	34.32	1991	Ballia	Uttar Pradesh
384	Turtle	7.00	1989	Varanasi	Uttar Pradesh
385	Vijai Sagar	2.62	1990	Mahoba	Uttar Pradesh
386	Ballavpur	2.00	1977	Birbhum	West Bengal
387	Bethuadahari	0.67	1980	Nadia	West Bengal
388	Bibhutibhusan	0.64	1985	North 24-Paraganas	West Bengal
389	Buxa	251.89	1986	Jalpaiguri	West Bengal
390	Chapramari	9.49	1976	Jalpaiguri	West Bengal
391	Haliday Island	5.95	1976	South 24-Paraganas	West Bengal
392	Jaldapara	216.51	1976	Jalpaiguri & Cooch Behar	West Bengal
393	Jorepokhri	0.04	1985	Darjeeling	West Bengal
394	Lothian Island	38.00	1976	South 24-Paraganas	West Bengal
395	Mahananda	127.22	1976	Darjeeling	West Bengal
396	Narendrapur	0.10	1982	South 24-Paraganas	West Bengal
397	Raiganj	1.30	1985	North Dinajpur	West Bengal
398	Ramnabagan	0.14	1981	Burdwan	West Bengal
399	Sajnekhali	362.40	1976	South 24-Paraganas	West Bengal
400	Senchal	38.88	1976	Darjeeling	West Bengal

Union Territories

401	Arial Island	0.05	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
402	Bamboo Island	0.05	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
403	Barren Island	8.10	1977	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
404	Battimalv Island	2.23	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
405	Belle Island	0.08	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
406	Bennett Island	3.46	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
407	Bingham Island	0.08	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
408	Blister Island	0.26	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
409	Bluff Island	1.14	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
410	Bondoville Island	2.55	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
411	Brush Island	0.23	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
412	Buchanan Island	9.33	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
413	Chanel Island	0.13	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
414	Cinque Island	9.51	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
415	Clyde Island	0.54	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
416	Cone Island	0.65	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
417	Curlew (B.P) Island	0.16	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
418	Curlew Island	0.03	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
419	Cuthbert Bay	-	-	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
420	Defence Island	10.49	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
421	Dot Island	0.13	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
422	Dottrell Island	0.13	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
423	Duncan Island	0.73	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
424	East Island	60.11	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
425	East of Inglis Island	3.55	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
426	Egg Island	0.05	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
427	Elat Island	9.36	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
428	Entrance Island	0.96	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
429	Gander Island	0.05	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
430	Girjan Island	0.16	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
431	Glathea Bay	-	-	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
432	Goose Island	0.01	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
433	Hump Island	0.47	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
434	Interview Island	133.87	1985	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
435	James Island	2.10	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
436	Jungle Island	0.52	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
437	Kwangtung Island	0.57	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
438	Kyd Island	8.00	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
439	Landfall Island	29.48	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
440	Latouche Island	0.96	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
441	Lohabarrack (Saltwater crocodile)	22.21	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
442	Mangrove Island	0.39	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
443	Mask Island	0.78	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
444	Mayo Island	0.10	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
445	Megapode Island	0.12	1987	Nicobar	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
446	Montogemery Island	0.21	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
447	Narcondam Island	6.81	1977	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
448	North Brother Island	0.75	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
449	North Island	0.49	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
450	North Reef Island	3.48	1977	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands

451	Oliver Island	0.16	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
452	Orchid Island	0.10	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
453	Ox Island	0.13	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
454	Oyster island-I	0.08	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
455	Oyster Island-II	0.21	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
456	Paget Island	7.36	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
457	Parkinsion Island	0.34	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
458	Passage Island	0.62	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
459	Patric Island	0.13	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
460	Peacock Island	0.62	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
461	Pitman Island	1.37	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
462	Point Island	3.07	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
463	Potanma Islands	0.16	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
464	Ranger Island	4.26	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
465	Reef Island	1.74	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
466	Roper Island	1.46	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
467	Ross Island	1.01	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
468	Rowe Island	0.01	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
469	Sandy Island	1.58	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
470	Sea serpent Island	0.78	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
471	Shark Island	0.60	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
472	Shearme Island	7.85	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
473	Sir Hugh Rose Island	1.06	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
474	Sisters Island	0.36	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
475	Snake Island-I	0.73	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
476	Snake Island-II	0.03	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
477	South Brother Island	1.24	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
478	South Reef Island	1.17	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
479	South Sentinel Island	1.61	1977	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
480	Spike Island-I	0.42	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
481	Spike Island-II	11.70	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
482	Stoat Island	0.44	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
483	Surat Island	0.31	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
484	Swamp Island	4.09	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
485	Table (Delgarno) Island	2.29	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
486	Table (Excelsior) Island	1.69	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
487	Talabaicha Island	3.21	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
488	Temple Island	1.04	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
489	Tillongchang Island	16.83	1985	Nicobar	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
490	Tree Island	0.03	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
491	Trilby Island	0.96	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
492	Tuft Island	0.29	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
493	Turtle Islands	0.39	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
494	West Island	6.40	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
495	Wharf Island	0.11	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
496	White cliff Island	0.47	1987	Andaman	Andaman & Nicobar Islands
497	City Birds	0.029	1998	Chandigarh	Chandigarh
498	Sukhna Lake	25.42	1986	Chandigarh	Chandigarh
499	Fudam	2.18	-	Diu	Daman & Diu
500	Dadra & Nagar Haveli	92.16	2000	DNH, Silvassa	Dadra & Nagar Haveli

501	Indira Priyadarshini (Asola)	13.20	1992	Delhi	Delhi
502	Pitti (Bird Island)	0.01	2002	-	Lakshadweep

Biosphere Reserves

The term ‘Biosphere Reserve' should denote an area:

• which is, set aside for the conservation of the resources of the biosphere and for the improvement of the relationship between man and the environment;

• which is, to serve as sites for long term scientific research as well as education all over the world.

The programme of Biosphere Reserve was initiated under the 'Man & Biosphere' (MAB) programme by UNESCO in 1971. Biosphere Reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems promoting solutions to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. They are internationally recognized, nominated by National Governments and remain under sovereign jurisdiction of the states where they are located. Biosphere Reserves serve in some ways as 'living laboratories' for testing out and demonstrating integrated management of land, water and biodiversity (CES., UNESCO, 2005., IUCN, 1979).

Biosphere Reserve Objectives

Each Biosphere Reserve is intended to fulfill three basic functions, which are complementary and mutually reinforcing:

• A conservation function - to contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation;

• A development function - to foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable;

• A logistic function - to provide support for research, monitoring, education and information exchange related to local, national and global issues of conservation and development (UNESCO, 2005).

List of Biosphere Reserves in India

S.No.	Name	Area of Biosphere (sq km)	Date of establishment	District	State
1	Achanakmar-Amarkantak	3835.51	2005	Anupur, Dindori & Bilaspur	Madhya Pradesh & Chhattishgarh
2	Agasthyamalai	1701.00	2001	-	Kerala
3	Dehang-Debang	5111.5	1998	Siang & Debang Valley	Arunachal Pradesh
4	Dibru-Saikhowa	765.00	1997	Dibrugarh and Tinsukia	Assam
5	Great Nicobar	885.00	1989	Southern most Island of Andaman and Nicobar	Andaman and Nicobar
6	Gulf of Mannar	10,500.00	1989	Indian part of Gulf of Mannar	Tamil Nadu
7	Khangchenjunga	2619.92	2000	Khangchendzonga Hills	Sikkim
8	Manas	2837.00	1989	Part of Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamprup and Darang	Assam
9	Nanda Devi	5860	1988	Chamoli, Almora, and Pithoragarh,	Uttaranchal
10	Nilgiri	5520.4	1986	Part of Wayanad, Bandipur, and Nagarhole, Nilambur, Silent Valley and Siruvani Hills	Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka
11	Nokrek	80.00	1988	Part of Garo Hills	Meghalaya
12	Pachmarhi	4926.00	1999	Betul, Hoshangabad and Chindwara	Madhya Pradesh
13	Simlipal	4374.00	1994	Mayurbhanj	Orissa
14	Sunderbans	9630.00	1989	Delta of Ganges and Brahmaputra	West Bengal

Protected area categories

Name	Objectives	Features	Zone
National Parks	Conservation of species of a habitat with minimal or very low intensity of human activity.	No human resides in the Park, other than a public servant on duty and permitted persons by the Chief Wild Life Warden.	Core
Sanctuaries	Conservation of species and habitats by manipulative management.	No human resides in the Sanctuary, other than a public servant on duty and permitted persons by the Chief Wild Life Warden.	Core, Buffer and Restoration
Biosphere Reserves	Conservation of the natural resources and for the improvement of the relationship between man and the environment therein.	Both natural and human-influenced ecosystems; substantial human settlements (rural).	Core, Buffer, Restoration and Cultural

Natural or Core Zone

Managed for minimum human interference, to serve as a baseline for the biological region; research, educational and training activities are carefully controlled and must have a non-manipulative effect in the zone.

Manipulative or Buffer Zone

Managed for research, education and training activities and manipulative methods and techniques are permitted. Traditional activities including timber production, hunting, fishing and grazing are permitted.

Reclamation or Restoration

Managed to study and reclaim lands and natural resources where heavy natural and human caused alteration has passed ecological thresholds, where biological process have been interrupted or where species have become locally extinct.

Cultural Zone

Managed to protect and study ongoing cultures and land use practices, which are in harmony with the environment. Here, local residents and their activities are on the move, but new technologies may be strictly controlled (IUCN, 1997).

Conservation Reserve

The State Government may, after having consultation with the local communities, declare any area owned by Government, particularly the areas adjacent to National Parks and Sanctuaries and those areas which link one protected area with another, as a Conservation Reserve for protecting landscapes, seascapes, flora and fauna and their habitats (Wildlife Protection Socity of India, 2003).

There are two Conservation Areas in India covering an area of 42.44 km 2 , which is 0.001% of the geographical area of the country. The State of Uttaranchal had established these two Conservation Reserves in August 2005 (NIC, 2005).

S.No.	Name	Area of reserves (sq km)	Date of establishment	District	State
1	Asan Barrage Wetland	4.44	2005	Dehradun	Uttaranchal
2	Jhilmi Jheel	38.00	2005	Haridwar	Uttaranchal

State-wise break up of protected areas in India

State/Union Territories	Area covered (sq km) NP+WS+CR	No. Of National Parks (NP)	No. Of Wildlife Sanctuaries (WS)	No. Of Conservation Reserves (CR)	Area of state (sq km)	% Of protected area in state
Andhra Pradesh	12973.31	4	22	0	275068	4.72
Arunachal Pradesh	10074.6	2	11	0	83743	12.03
Assam	3537.89	5	20	0	78438	4.51
Bihar	3334.69	1	11	0	94163	3.54
Chhattisgarh	6348.96	3	10	0	135194	4.69
Goa	754.43	1	6	0	3702	20.38
Gujarat	16902.39	4	21	0	196024	8.62
Haryana	348.84	2	10	0	44212	0.79
Himachal Pradesh	7200.25	2	32	0	55673	12.93
Jammu & Kashmir	14870.22	4	15	0	222235	6.69
Jharkhand	2100.4	1	10	0	79714	2.63
Karnataka	6676.63	5	21	0	191791	3.48
Kerala	2701.55	6	13	0	38863	6.95
Madhya Pradesh	10854.48	9	25	0	308252	3.52
Maharashtra	15770.45	5	35	0	307690	5.13
Manipur	224.8	1	1	0	22327	1.01
Meghalaya	301.68	2	3	0	22429	1.35
Mizoram	1156.75	2	7	0	21081	5.49
Nagaland	222.37	1	3	0	16579	1.34
Orissa	8106.4	2	18	0	155707	5.21
Punjab	316.73	0	10	0	50362	0.63
Rajasthan	9569.16	5	23	0	342239	2.79
Sikkim	2177.1	1	6	0	7096	30.68
Tamil Nadu	2847.67	5	19	0	130058	2.19
Tripura	603.62	0	4	0	10486	5.76
Uttaranchal	6514.94	6	6	2	53485	12.18
Uttar Pradesh	5631.47	1	23	0	240926	2.34
West Bengal	2748.48	5	15	0	88752	3.09
Union Territories
Andaman & Nicobar	1583.04	9	96	0	8249	19.19
Chandigarh	25.45	0	2	0	114	22.32
Dadra & Nagar Haveli	92.16	0	1	0	491	18.77
Daman & Diu	2.18	0	1	0	112	1.95
Delhi	13.20	0	1	0	1483	0.89
Lakshadweep	0.01	0	1	0	32	0.031
Pondicherry	0	0	0	0	493	0
India	156586.3	94	502	2	3287263	4.76

Summary of currently available protected areas in India

Geographical Area of India = 32,87,263 km 2
Forest Area of India (FSI, 2001) = 768,436 km 2

Percentage of Forested Area in India's
Geographical Area = 23.38 %

Current Protected Area Status

National Parks                 = 94     Area Covered = 37,591.75 km 2
Wildlife Sanctuaries        = 502    Area Covered = 118,952.11 km 2
Conservation Reserves = 2      Area Covered = 42.44 km 2
Protected Areas             = 598 Area Covered = 156,586.3 km 2

National Parks % of G.A.                 =   1.14   %
Wildlife Sanctuaries % of G.A.        =   3.62   %
Conservation Reserves % of G.A.   =   0.0012 %
Protected Areas % of G.A.               =  4.76    %

Tiger Reserves

Project Tiger was launched by the Government of India in the year 1973 to save the endangered species of tiger in the country. Beginning with nine reserves in 1973-74 the number has grown up to twenty eight in 1999-2000. These project tiger areas cover a total area of 35,747.08 sq km, which is 1.09% of the total geographical area in the country (WII, 2005).

List of Tiger Reserves in India

Sl. No.	Tiger Reserve	Total Area (sq km)	Year of Establishment	State
1.	Bandhavgarh	1,161.47	1993-1994	Madhya Pradesh
2.	Bandipur (Extension)	874.00 643.00	1973-1974 1999-2000	Karnataka
3.	Bhadra	492.00	1998-1999	Karnataka
4.	Bori-Satpur-Pachmarhi	1,486.00	1999-2000	Madhya Pradesh
5.	Buxa	758.82	1982-1983	West Bengal
6.	Corbett	1.134.00	1973-1974	Uttaranchal
7.	Dampa	500.00	1995-1996	Mizoram
8.	Dudhwa (Extension)	811.00 551.00	1987-1988 1999-2000	Uttar Pradesh
9.	Indravati	2,799.00	1982-1983	Chhattishgarh
10.	Kalakad-Munda n thurai	800.00	1988-1989	Tamil Nadu
11.	Kanha	1,945.00	1973-1974	Madhya Pradesh
12.	Manas	2,840.00	1973-1974	Assam
13.	Melghat	1,618.00	1973-1974	Maharashtra
14.	Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam	3,568.00	1982-1983	Andhra Pradesh
15.	Namdapha	1985.23	1982-1983	Arunachal Pradesh
16.	Nameri	344.00	1999-2000	Assam
17.	Pakhui	861.95	1999-2000	Arunachal Pradesh
18.	Palamau	928.00	1973-1974	Jharkhand
19.	Panna	542.66	1994-1995	Madhya Pradesh
20.	Pench	757.85	1992-1993	Madhya Pradesh
21.	Pench	257.00	1998-1999	Maharashtra
22.	Periyar	777.00	1978-1979	Kerala
23.	Ranthambhore	825.00	1973-1974	Rajasthan
24.	Sariska	800.00	1978-1979	Rajasthan
25.	Simlipal	2,770	1973-1974	Orissa
26.	Sunderbans	2,585.10	1973-1974	West Bengal
27.	Tadoba-Andhari	626.00	1993-1994	Maharashtra
28.	Valmiki	840.00	1989-1990	Bihar

Birds protected areas in India

• Rajiv Gandhi NP (Andhra Pradesh)

• Pobitora WS (Assam)

• Dibru Saikhowa WS (Assam)

• D'Ering Memorial WS (Arunachal Pradesh)

• Pakhui WS (Arunachal Pradesh)

• Namdapha TR (Arunachal Pradesh)

• Shoolpaneshwar WS (Gujarat)

• Wild Ass WS (Gujarat)

• Great Himalayan NP (Himachal Pradesh)

• Majhatal Harsang WS (Himachal Pradesh)

• Kalesar WS (Haryana)

• Eravikulam NP (Kerala)

• Chinnar WS (Kerala)

• Chendurang WS (Kerala)

• Radhanagari WS (Maharashtra)

• Blue Mountain (Phawngpui) NP (Mizoram)

• Bhitarkanika WS (Orissa)

• Sajjangarh WS (Rajasthan)

• Sariska Tiger Reserve (Rajasthan)

• Mudumalai WS (Tamil Nadu)

• Rajaji NP (Uttaranchal)

• Cobertt NP (Uttaranchal)

• Buxa TR (West Bengal)

• Jaldapara WS (West Bengal)

24 protected areas.

National Parks

Sanctuary

Declaration of Sanctuary

List of Sanctuaries in India

Biosphere Reserves

Biosphere Reserve Objectives

Protected area categories

District

Union Territories