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Amphibian diversity in Western Ghats |
The Western Ghats of India, part of tropical region, is one of the hottest biodiversity hotspots in the world (Myers et al. 2000). It is a chain of hills and valleys on the Western Coast of the Indian peninsula of about 1,600 km. From River Tapti (21°N) in Gujarat to Kanyakumari (8°N) in Tamil Nadu, it has a spread of about 1,60,000 sq. km. It harbours rich flora and fauna due to the prevailing tropical climate, phenology, and topography. Amphibians are one among the most diversified faunal component of the Western Ghats.
The Western Ghats harbours 127 species (57.73% of Indian amphibians), of which 107 (84.25%) species are endemic(Western Ghats and India). Table 1 details the species diversity of Western Ghats amphibians.
Table 1. Amphibians of the Western Ghats |
|||
Order |
Family |
Genera |
Species |
Anura | Bufonidae |
Ansonia |
3 |
Bufo |
10 |
||
Pedostibes |
1 |
||
Microhylidae |
Kaloula |
1 |
|
Melanobatrachus |
1 |
||
Microhyla |
3 |
||
Ramanella |
6 |
||
Uperodon |
2 |
||
Ranidae |
Euphlyctis |
2 |
|
Hoplobatrachus |
2 |
||
Indirana |
8 |
||
Limnonectus |
8 |
||
Micrixalus |
7 |
||
Nyctibatrachus |
11 |
||
Rana |
6 |
||
Tomopterna |
6 |
||
Rhacophoridae |
Philautus |
26 |
|
Polypedates |
4 |
||
Rhacophorus |
5 |
||
Nasikabatrachidae* |
Nasikabatrachus |
1 |
|
Gymnophiona | Caecilidae |
Gegeneophis |
2 |
Indothyphlus |
1 |
||
Ichthyophidae |
Ichthyophis |
7 |
|
Uraeotyphlidae |
Uraeotyphlus |
4 |
|
Note: * New family described by Biju and Bossuyt, (2003) from Kerala. |
Two order, viz., Salientia and Apoda with eight families and 24 genera represent the 127 species of Western Ghat amphibians. Tables 2 and 3 provide the endemic and non-endemic amphibians of the Western Ghats with IUCN criteria. There are 2 critically endangered species; 16 endangered; 36 vulnerable; 30 lower risk near threatened; and 5 with lower risk least concerned. Thirty-eight species lack sufficient data to categorize under IUCN criteria. Figures 1 and 2 depict the IUCN status of amphibians of the Western Ghats with family wise break-up.
Table 2. Checklist of endemic amphibians of Western Ghats with IUCN criteria. |
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Sl. No. |
Name |
IUCN criteria |
Family: Bufonidae
1. |
Ansonia kamblei | Data Deficient |
2. |
Ansonia ornata | Endangered |
3. |
Ansonia rubigina | Endangered |
4. |
Bufo beddomii | Lower Risk - Least concerned |
5. |
Bufo brevirostris | Data deficient |
6. |
Bufo hololius | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
7. |
Bufo koynayensis | Endangered |
8. |
Bufo parietalis | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
9. |
Bufo silentvalleyensis | Vulnerable |
10. |
Pedostibes tuberculosus | Vulnerable |
Family: Microhylidae
1. |
Microhyla sholigari | Data deficient |
2. |
Melanobatrachus indicus | Vulnerable |
3. |
Ramanella anamalaiensis | Data deficient |
4. |
Ramanella minor | Data deficient |
5. |
Ramanella montana | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
6. |
Ramanella mormorata | Vulnerable |
7. |
Ramanella triangularis | Vulnerable |
Family: Ranidae
1. |
Indirana beddomii | Vulnerable |
2. |
Indirana brachytarsus | Vulnerable |
3. |
Indirana diplostictus | Vulnerable |
4. |
Indirana gundia | Data deficient |
5. |
Indirana leithii | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
6. |
Indirana leptodactylus | Vulnerable |
7. |
Indirana semipalmatus | Vulnerable |
8. |
Indirana tenuilingua | Data deficient |
9. |
Limnonectes brevipalmatas | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
10. |
Limnonectes keralensis | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
11. |
Limnonectes murthii | Endangered |
12. |
Limnonectes mysorensis | Critically Endangered |
13. |
Limnonectes nilagirica | Endangered |
14. |
Limnonectes sauriceps | Data deficient |
15. |
Micrixalus fuscus | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
16. |
Micrixalus gadgili | Endangered |
17. |
Micrixalus nudis | Vulnerable |
18. |
Micrixalus phyllophilus | Vulnerable |
19. |
Micrixalus saxicola | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
20. |
Micrixalus silvaticus | Vulnerable |
21. |
Micrixalus thampii | Endangered |
22. |
Nyctibatrachus aliciae | Vulnerable |
23. |
Nyctibatrachus beddomii | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
24. |
Nyctibatrachus deccanensis (pygmaeus) | Vulnerable |
25. |
Nyctibatrachus humayuni | Endangered |
26. |
Nyctibatrachus hussaini | Data deficient |
27. |
Nyctibatrachus kempholeyensis | Data deficient |
28. |
Nyctibatrachus major | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
29. |
Nyctibatrachus minor | Vulnerable |
30. |
Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris | Endangered |
31. |
Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus | Data deficient |
32. |
Nyctibatrachus vasanthi | Data deficient |
33. |
Rana aurantiaca | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
34. |
Rana curtipes | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
35. |
Rana greeni | Data deficient |
36. |
Rana malabarica | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
37. |
Rana temporalis | Vulnerable |
38. |
Rana travancorica | Data deficient |
39. |
Tomopterna dobsonii | Data deficient |
40. |
Tomopterna leucorhyncus | Data deficient |
41. |
Tomopterna parambikulamana | Data deficient |
42. |
Tomopterna rufescens | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
Family: Nasikabatrachidae
1. |
Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis | Data deficient |
Family: Rhacophoridae
1. |
Philautus adspersus | Data deficient |
2. |
Philautus aurifasicatus | Data deficient |
3. |
Philautus beddomii | Vulnerable |
4. |
Philautus bombayensis | Endangered |
5. |
Philautus chalzodes | Vulnerable |
6. |
Philautus charius | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
7. |
Philautus crnri | Data deficient |
8. |
Philautus elegans | Data deficient |
9. |
Philautus flaviventris | Data deficient |
10. |
Philautus glandulosus | Vulnerable |
11. |
Philautus hassanensis | Data deficient |
12. |
Philautus kottigeharensis | Data deficient |
13. |
Philautus leucorhinus | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
14. |
Philautus melanensis | Data deficient |
15. |
Philautus narainensis | Data deficient |
16. |
Philautus nasutus | Data deficient |
17. |
Philautus nobeli | Data deficient |
18. |
Philautus parkeri | Data deficient |
19. |
Philautus pictus | Data deficient |
20. |
Philautus pulcherimus | Vulnerable |
21. |
Philautus punctatus | Data deficient |
22. |
Philautus signatus | Vulnerable |
23. |
Philautus swamianus | Data deficient |
24. |
Philautus temporalis | Endangered |
25. |
Philautus travancoricus | Data deficient |
26. |
Philautus variabilis | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
27. |
Polypedates cruciger | Vulnerable |
28. |
Polypedates pseudocruciger | Data deficient |
29. |
Rhacophorus calcadensis | Data deficient |
30. |
Rhacophorus lateralis | Endangered |
31. |
Rhacophorus malabaricuds | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
32. |
Rhacophorus pleurostictus | Vulnerable |
33. |
Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus | Data deficient |
Family: Caeciliidae
1. |
Gegeneophis carnosus | Vulnerable |
2. |
Gegeneophis ramaswamii | Endangered |
3. |
Indotyphlus battersbyi | Critically Endangered |
Family: Icthyophiidae
1. |
Ichthyophis beddomei | Vulnerable |
2. |
Ichthyophis bombayensis | Endangered |
3. |
Ichthyophis longicephalus | Vulnerable |
4. |
Ichthyophis malabarensis | Vulnerable |
5. |
Ichthyophis peninsularis | Vulnerable |
6. |
Ichthyophis subterrestris | Vulnerable |
7. |
Ichthyophis tricolor | Endangered |
Family: Uraeotyphlidae
1. |
Uraeotyphlus malabaricus | Endangered |
2. |
Uraeotyphlus menoni | Vulnerable |
3. |
Uraeotyphlus narayani | Vulnerable |
4. |
Uraeotyphlus oxyurus | Vulnerable |
Table 3. Checklist of non-endemic amphibians to Western Ghats with IUCN criteria |
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Sl. No. | Name | IUCN criteria |
1. |
Bufo fergusonii | Lower Risk - Least concerned |
2. |
Bufo melanostictus | Vulnerable |
3. |
Bufo microtympanum | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
4. |
Bufo stomaticus | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
Family: Microhylidae
1. |
Kaloula taprobanica | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
2. |
Microhyla ornate | Lower Risk - Least concerned |
3. |
Microhyla rubra | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
4. |
Ramanella variegata | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
5. |
Uperdon globulosus | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
6. |
Uperdon systoma | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
Family: Ranidae
1. |
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
2. |
Euphlyctis hexadactylus | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
3. |
Hoplobatrachus crassus | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
4. |
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus | Vulnerable |
5. |
Limnonectes limnocharis | Vulnerable |
6. |
Limnonectes syhadrensis | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
7. |
Tomopterna breviceps | Data deficient |
8. |
Tomopterna rolandae | Lower Risk - Near threatened |
Family: Rhacophoridae
1. |
Polypedates leucomystax | Lower Risk - Least concerned |
2. |
Polypedates maculates | Lower Risk - Least concerned |
Sources: Report of BCPP CAMP on Amphibians of India (1997) and Gururaja (2003)
Source: Sahyadri E-news, Issue-6
FISH DIVERSITY IN WESTERN GHATS |
Several attempts have been made to compile a checklist of freshwater fishes of the Western Ghats. These attempts mainly focused on evolving with a comprehensive checklist of freshwater fishes, which is an out come of the patchy (may be of a river basin, a region in the Western Ghats, an administrative boundary within the Western Ghats, etc) taxonomic information available on the diversity of freshwater fishes. Daniels (2001) has listed 218 species from the Western Ghats of which 114 (52%) are endemic to Western Ghats. However, this report lacks a detailed checklist of fishes found in the Western Ghats. The subsequent checklist (Shaji et al 2001) listed 287 fishes with names of individual species. This compilation considered certain estuarine fishes that are found to ascend freshwater for longer distances. The list highlighted the presence of 67% endemic species and 18 exotic or transplanted to the region. The most recent information available is by Dahanukar et al 2004 that lists 288 freshwater fishes, of which 118 (41%) are endemic to Western Ghats. The threat status of fishes found in Western Ghats suggests that at least 41% of fish fauna is threatened by either being vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered. This study also necessitates the implication of potent conservation measures to conserve the fish fauna of Western Ghats.
Present scenario
Present compilation of the checklist ( Tab1) of the freshwater fishes in Western Ghats region lists 318 species of which 42.8% (136 species) are endemic to the region. Of this about 27 species are critically endangered and 55 endangered while 128 are data deficient.
*Checklist of freshwater fishes of Western Ghats (Compiled from various published sources)
Note : CR - Critically Endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable, LR - Lower Risk, DD - Data Deficient.
Table-1:
|
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Endemic Species of Western Ghats |
|||||
S.No. | Species Name | Status |
S.No. |
Species Name | Status |
1 |
Amblypharyngodon chakaiensis |
CR |
69 |
Monopterus eapeni |
CR |
2 |
Balitora brucei |
DD |
70 |
EN |
|
3 |
Balitora mysorensis |
CR |
71 |
Mystus punctatus |
EN |
4 |
VU |
72 |
Nemacheilichthys ruppelli |
DD |
|
5 |
Barilius canarensis |
DD |
73 |
LR |
|
6 |
Barilius evezardii |
LR |
74 |
Nemacheilus keralensis |
EN |
7 |
Barilius gatensis |
DD |
75 |
Nemacheilus monilis |
EN |
8 |
DD |
76 |
Nemacheilus pambarensis |
DD |
|
9 |
Batasio travancoria |
EN |
77 |
Neolissochilus wynaadensis |
CR |
10 |
Bhavania australis |
EN |
78 |
CR |
|
11 |
Botia striata |
EN |
79 |
Osteobrama bakeri |
EN |
12 |
Chela dadyburjori |
DD |
80 |
Osteobrama bheemensis |
DD |
13 |
Chela fasciata |
CR |
81 |
Osteobrama neilli |
DD |
14 |
Clarias dayi |
EN |
82 |
Osteocheilichthys longidorsalis |
CR |
15 |
Crossocheilus periyarensis |
VU |
83 |
VU |
|
16 |
Danio fraseri |
DD |
84 |
Osteocheilichthys thomassi |
EN |
17 |
Dayella malabarica |
LR |
85 |
Osteochilichthys godavariensis |
DD |
18 |
Esomus barbatus |
DD |
86 |
Osteochilus (Kantaka) brevidorsalis |
EN |
19 |
Etroplus suratensis |
LR |
87 |
Pangio bashai |
DD |
20 |
Eutropiichthys goongwaree |
DD |
88 |
Parambassis dayi |
EN |
21 |
Garra bicornuta |
DD |
89 |
Parapsilorhynchus discofhorus |
DD |
22 |
EN |
90 |
Parapsilorhynchus prateri |
DD |
|
23 |
Garra hughi |
EN |
91 |
Parmabassis thomassi |
VU |
24 |
Garra kalakadensis |
DD |
92 |
Pristolepis marginata |
VU |
25 |
Garra mcclellandi |
EN |
93 |
Pseudeutropius mitchelli |
DD |
26 |
Garra menoni |
VU |
94 |
Puntius arenatus |
DD |
27 |
Garra surendranathanii |
LR |
95 |
EN |
|
28 |
Glypthothorax conirostre poonaensis |
DD |
96 |
Puntius arulius tambraparniei |
CR |
29 |
Glyptothorax anamalaiensis |
CR |
97 |
Puntius bovanicus |
CR |
30 |
Glyptothorax devisinghi |
CR |
98 |
Puntius carnaticus |
VU |
31 |
Glyptothorax housei |
DD |
99 |
Puntius cauveriensis |
DD |
32 |
LR |
100 |
Puntius chalakudaiensis |
DD |
|
33 |
Glyptothorax madraspatanum |
VU |
101 |
Puntius crescentus |
DD |
34 |
Glyptothorax trewavasae |
DD |
102 |
Puntius deccanensis |
CR |
35 |
Gonoproktopterus curmuca |
EN |
103 |
Puntius denisonii |
EN |
36 |
Gonoproktopterus dubius |
EN |
104 |
Puntius fraseri |
DD |
37 |
EN |
105 |
Puntius goaensis |
EN |
|
38 |
Gonoproktopterus kurali |
EN |
106 |
EN |
|
39 |
Gonoproktopterus lithopidos |
EN |
107 |
Puntius kannikattiensis |
DD |
40 |
Gonoproktopterus micropogon |
EN |
108 |
Puntius melanostigma |
EN |
41 |
Gonoproktopterus thomassi |
EN |
109 |
Puntius mudumalaiensis |
CR |
42 |
Heteropneustes longipectoralis |
DD |
110 |
Puntius narayani |
CR |
43 |
Homaloptera menoni |
DD |
111 |
Puntius ophicephalus |
EN |
44 |
Homaloptera montana |
CR |
112 |
Puntius parrah |
EN |
45 |
Homaloptera pillaii |
VU |
113 |
DD |
|
46 |
Homaloptera santhampareiensis |
DD |
114 |
Puntius sarana subnasutus |
LR |
47 |
Horabagrus brachysoma |
EN |
115 |
DD |
|
48 |
Horabagrus nigricollaris |
CR |
116 |
Puntius sharmai |
DD |
49 |
Horaglanis alikunhi |
DD |
117 |
Rasbora caverii |
DD |
50 |
Horaglanis krishnai |
CR |
118 |
Rasbora labiosa |
DD |
51 |
Horalabiosa joshuai |
DD |
119 |
Rohtee ogilbii |
LR |
52 |
Horalabiosa palaniensis |
DD |
120 |
LR |
|
53 |
Hyporhampus xanthopterus |
CR |
121 |
Salmostoma horai |
DD |
54 |
Labeo ariza |
CR |
122 |
Salmostoma novacula |
LR |
55 |
Labeo dussumieri |
EN |
123 |
Schismatorhynchus (Nukta) nukta |
DD |
56 |
EN |
124 |
Schistura denisoni mukambbikaensis |
DD |
|
57 |
Labeo nigrescens |
DD |
125 |
Schistura denisoni pambarensis |
DD |
58 |
Labeo potail |
DD |
126 |
Schistura kodaguensis |
DD |
59 |
Lepidopygopsis typus |
CR |
127 |
Schistura nilgiriensis |
EN |
60 |
Longischistura striatus |
DD |
128 |
VU |
|
61 |
Macropodus dayi |
DD |
129 |
Schistura sinuatus |
DD |
62 |
Mesonemacheilus guentheri |
LR |
130 |
Silonia childreni |
EN |
63 |
Mesonemacheilus herrei |
DD |
131 |
Silurus wynaadensis |
CR |
64 |
Mesonemacheilus petrubanarescui |
DD |
132 |
Tetraodon travancoricus |
EN |
65 |
Mesonemacheilus pulchellus |
DD |
133 |
Tor khudree malabaricus |
CR |
66 |
Mesonemacheilus triangularis |
LR |
134 |
CR |
|
67 |
Monopterus (Amphipnous) fossorius |
EN |
135 |
Travancoria jonesi |
EN |
68 |
Monopterus (Amphipnous) indicus |
DD |
136 |
Travencoria elongata |
CR |
Non-endemic Species of Western Ghats |
|||||
S.No. | Species Name | Status | S.No. | Species Name | Status |
1 |
Acanthocobitis botia | LR | 89 |
Mastacembelus armatus | LR |
2 |
Acanthocobitis moreh | DD | 90 |
Megalops cyprinoides | DD |
3 |
Ambassis gymnocephalus | DD | 91 |
Microphis cuncalus | VU |
4 |
Ambassis interruptus | DD | 92 |
Mugil cephalus | DD |
5 |
Ambassis nalua | DD | 93 |
Mystus armatus | LR |
6 |
Amblypharyngodon melettinus | LR | 94 |
Mystus bleekeri | VU |
7 |
Amblypharyngodon microlepis | DD | 95 |
Mystus cavesius | LR |
8 |
Amblypharyngodon mola | LR | 96 |
Mystus gulio | LR |
9 |
Anabas testudineus | VU | 97 |
Mystus keletius | DD |
10 |
Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis | EN | 98 |
Mystus menoda | DD |
11 |
Anguilla bicolor bicolor | EN | 99 |
Mystus montanus | VU |
12 |
Aphanius dispar | DD | 100 |
Mystus oculatus | LR |
13 |
Aplocheilus blocki | DD | 101 |
Mystus viittatus | VU |
14 |
Aplocheilus lineatus | LR | 102 |
Nandus nandus | LR |
15 |
Aplocheilus panchax | DD | 103 |
Nangra itchkeea | DD |
16 |
Aspidoparia morar | LR | 104 |
Nemacheilus beavani | DD |
17 |
Awaous grammepomus | DD | 105 |
Nemacheilus viridescens | LR |
18 |
Awaous gutum | DD | 106 |
Neotropius khavalchor | DD |
19 |
Badis badis | DD | 107 |
Notopterus chitala | EN |
20 |
Bagarichthys yarrellii | DD | 108 |
Notopterus notopterus | LR |
21 |
Bagarius bagarius | VU | 109 |
Omobranchus punctatus | DD |
22 |
Balitora brucei | LR | 110 |
Omobranchus zebra | DD |
23 |
Barilius barila | VU | 111 |
Ompok bimaculatus | EN |
24 |
Barilius barna | LR | 112 |
Ompok pabo | DD |
25 |
Barilius bendelisis | LR | 113 |
Oreichthys cosuatis | DD |
26 |
Barilius vagra | VU | 114 |
Oreonectes evezardi | EN |
27 |
Bathygobius fuscus | DD | 115 |
Oryzias melastigma | DD |
28 |
Brachydanio rerio | LR | 116 |
Osphronemus goramy | DD |
29 |
Brachygobius nunus | DD | 117 |
Osteobrama belangeri | EN |
30 |
Catla catla | VU | 118 |
Osteobrama cotio cotio | LR |
31 |
Chanda nama | VU | 119 |
Osteobrama cotio cunma | VU |
32 |
Channa marulius | LR | 120 |
Osteobrama cotio peninsularis | EN |
33 |
Channa micropeltes | CR | 121 |
Osteobrama vigorsii | DD |
34 |
Channa orientalis | VU | 122 |
Pangasius pangasius | CR |
35 |
Channa punctatus | LR | 123 |
Parambassis ranga | DD |
36 |
Channa striatus | LR | 124 |
Parapsilorhynchus tentaculatus | DD |
37 |
Chela cachius | DD | 125 |
Periophthalmus variabilis | DD |
38 |
Chela laubuca | LR | 126 |
Pomadasys argenteus | DD |
39 |
Chelonodon patoca | DD | 127 |
Pristolepis fasciata | DD |
40 |
Cirhinus fulungee | LR | 128 |
Proeutropiichthys taakree taakree | CR |
41 |
Cirhinus mrigala mrigala | LR | 129 |
Pseudambassis baculis | DD |
42 |
Cirhinus reba | VU | 130 |
Pseudeutropius atherinoides | EN |
43 |
Cirrhinus cirrhosus | VU | 131 |
Puntius amphibius | LR |
44 |
Clarias batrachus | VU | 132 |
Puntius bimaculatus | DD |
45 |
Clarias dussumieri dussumieri | VU | 133 |
Puntius burmanicus | DD |
46 |
Crossocheilus latius latius | DD | 134 |
Puntius chola | VU |
47 |
Danio aequipinatus | LR | 135 |
Puntius conchonius | VU |
48 |
Danio malabaricus | LR | 136 |
Puntius dorsalis | EN |
49 |
Danio neilgherriensis | DD | 137 |
Puntius fasciatus fasciatus | EN |
50 |
Esomus danricas | VU | 138 |
Puntius filamentosus | DD |
51 |
Esomus thermoicos | DD | 139 |
Puntius guganio | LR |
52 |
Etroplus canarensis | DD | 140 |
Puntius phutunio | LR |
53 |
Etroplus maculatus | LR | 141 |
Puntius pleurotaenia | VU |
54 |
Euryglossa orientalis | DD | 142 |
Puntius sarana orphoides | DD |
55 |
Eutropichthys vacha | EN | 143 |
Puntius sarana sarana | VU |
56 |
Gagata gagata | DD | 144 |
Puntius sophore | LR |
57 |
Garra gotyla gotyla | VU | 145 |
Puntius ticto ticto | LR |
58 |
Garra lamta | DD | 146 |
Puntius vittatus | VU |
59 |
Garra mullya | LR | 147 |
Rasbora daniconius | LR |
60 |
Glossogobius giuris | LR | 148 |
Rasbora rasbora | DD |
61 |
Glyptothorax annandalei | EN | 149 |
Rhinomugil corsula | VU |
62 |
Glyptothorax saisii | EN | 150 |
Rita kuturnee | LR |
63 |
Heteropneustes fossilis | VU | 151 |
Rita pavimentatus | EN |
64 |
Hilsa ilisha | VU | 152 |
Rita rita | LR |
65 |
Hilsha kelee | DD | 153 |
Salmo gardineri | DD |
66 |
Horaichthys setnai | DD | 154 |
Salmostoma acinaces | VU |
67 |
Hyporhamphus limbatus | DD | 155 |
Salmostoma bacaila | LR |
68 |
Ichthyocampus carce | DD | 156 |
Salmostoma clupeoides | EN |
69 |
Johnius belangerii | DD | 157 |
Salmostoma phulo | DD |
70 |
Labeo bata | LR | 158 |
Scatophagus argus | DD |
71 |
Labeo boga | LR | 159 |
Schistura denisoni denisoni | VU |
72 |
Labeo boggut | DD | 160 |
Schistura savona | DD |
73 |
Labeo calbasu | LR | 161 |
Schistura denisoni dayi | DD |
74 |
Labeo fimbriatus | LR | 162 |
Sicyopterus fasciatum | DD |
75 |
Labeo gonius | LR | 163 |
Silurus berdmorei | DD |
76 |
Labeo kawrus | DD | 164 |
Sperata aor | DD |
77 |
Labeo pangusia | LR | 165 |
Sperata seenghala | DD |
78 |
Labeo porcellus | DD | 166 |
Stigmatogobius javanicus | DD |
79 |
Labeo rohita | LR | 167 |
Stigmatogobius sadanundio | DD |
80 |
Labeo sindensis | DD | 168 |
Strongylura strongylura | DD |
81 |
Lepidocephalus guntea | DD | 169 |
Syciopterus griseus | VU |
82 |
Lepidocephalus thermalis | LR | 170 |
Tor khudree | VU |
83 |
Liza macrolepis | DD | 171 |
Tor mosal | EN |
84 |
Liza parsia | DD | 172 |
Tor putitora | EN |
85 |
Lutjanus johni | DD | 173 |
Tor tor | EN |
86 |
Macrognathus guentheri | VU | 174 |
Wallago attu | LR |
87 |
Macrognathus pancalus | LR | 175 |
Xenentodon cancila | LR |
88 |
Macropodus cupanus | DD | 176 |
Zenarchopterus striga | DD |
Introduced Species | |
S.No. | Species Name |
1 |
Ctenopharyngodon idella |
2 |
Cyprinus carpio communis |
3 |
Gambusia affinis |
4 |
Oreochromis mossambica |
5 |
Poecilia (Lebistes) reticulata |
6 |
Xiphophorus helleri |
Source: Sahyadri E-news, Issue-17
Mammals in India: |
Mammals in India, which are about 430 (taxa) in number, have a fair representation of endemics. Western Ghats is the richest region in India for its number of endemic mammals. Fourteen taxa are endemic to this biogeographic region with a few more taxa sharing their distribution with adjacent areas. Northern India is home to 7 endemic mammals, while northeastern India, which has a very high diversity, does not have many endemics within the Indian context because of the jagged political boundary of the country. Andaman and Nicobar Islands are home to 9 rare mammal species, mostly bats, rats and shrews (CAMP Report, 1998).
Ecological Status of Mammals in India |
|
ENDEMICS |
|
Scientific Name | Ecological Status |
Alticola albicauda | Data Deficient |
Anathana ellioti | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Atherurus macrourus assamensis | Endangered |
Biswamoyopterus biswasi | Critically Endangered |
Bubalus amee | Endangered |
Cervus duvaucelli branderi | Critically Endangered |
Cervus elaphus hanglu | Critically Endangered 2 |
Cervus eldi eldi | Critically Endangered 1 |
Cremnomys cutchicus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Cremnomys elvira | Vulnerable |
Crocidura andamanensis | Data Deficient |
Crocidura hispida | Endangered |
Crocidura jenkinsi | Data Deficient |
Crocidura nicobarica | Data Deficient |
Cuon alpinus dekhanensis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Cuon alpinus laniger | Critically Endangered |
Eptesicus nilssoni | Data Deficient |
Eptesicus tatei | Data Deficient |
Funambulus tristriatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Harpiocephalus harpia | Data Deficient |
Hemitragus hylocrius | Endangered 1 |
Herpestes fuscus fuscus | Vulnerable |
Herpestes palustris | Endangered |
Hipposideros schistaceus | Data Deficient |
Latidens salimalii | Endangered |
Macaca radiata | Lower Risk-least concern |
Macaca silenus | Endangered |
Martes gwatkinsi | Vulnerable 3 |
Millardia kondana | Vulnerable |
Murina grisea | Vulnerable |
Mus famulus | Endangered |
Mus phillipsi | Lower Risk-least concern |
Mus platythrix | Lower Risk-least concern |
Otomops wroughtoni | Critically Endangered |
Ovis vignei | Endangered |
Panthera leo persica | Critically Endangered 2 |
Paradoxurus jerdoni | Vulnerable |
Paraechinus micropus nudirentris | Vulnerable |
Petinomys fuscocapillus fuscocapillus | Vulnerable |
Plantacanthomys lasiurus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Pteropus faunulus | Vulnerable |
Rattus palmarum | Data Deficient |
Rattus ranjiniae | Vulnerable |
Rattus stoicus | Vulnerable |
Ratufa indica centralis | Vulnerable |
Ratufa indica dealbata | Extinct |
Ratufa indica indica | Vulnerable |
Ratufa indica maxima | Vulnerable |
Rhinolophus cognatus | Data Deficient |
Rhinolophus mitratus | Vulnerable |
Suncus dayi | Vulnerable |
Trachypithecus johnii | Vulnerable |
Tupaia nicobarica | Endangered |
Viverra civettina | Critically Endangered 2 |
NON-ENDEMICS |
|
Scientific Name |
Ecological Status |
Acinonyx jubatus venaticus | Extinct |
Ailurus fulgens fulgens | Vulnerable |
Alticola montosa | Data Deficient |
Alticola roylei | Data Deficient |
Alticola stoliczkanus | Data Deficient |
Anourosorex squamipes | Vulnerable |
Antilope cervicapra | Lower Risk-least concern |
Apodemus draco | Vulnerable |
Apodemus sylvaticus | Data Deficient |
Arctictis binturong albifrons | Data Deficient |
Arctogalidia trivirgata | Vulnerable |
Arctonyx collaris | Data Deficient |
Axis axis | Lower Risk-least concern |
Axis porcinus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Balaenoptera acutorostrata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Balaenoptera borealis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Balaenoptera edeni | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Balaenoptera musculus | Critically Endangered |
Balaenoptera physalus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Bandicota benqalensis | Lower Risk-least concern |
Bandicota indica | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Barbastella leucomelas | Data Deficient |
Belomys pearsonii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Berylmys bowersi | Endangered |
Berylmys mackenziei | Lower Risk-least concern |
Berylmys manipulus | Data Deficient |
Bos gaurus | Vulnerable |
Bos grunniens | Critically Endangered |
Boselaphus tragocamelus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Callosciurus erythraeus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Callosciurus pygerythus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Canis aureus | Lower Risk-least concern 1 |
Canis lupus palipus | Lower Risk-near threatened 1 |
Cannomys badius | Lower Risk-least concern |
Capra falconeri falconeri | Critically Endangered 2 |
Capra falconeri kashmeriensis | Critically Endangered |
Capra ibex | Vulnerable |
Caracal caracal | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Cervus duvaucelli duvaucelii | Endangered |
Cervus unicolor | Lower Risk-least concern |
Chaerephon plicata | Data Deficient |
Chimarrogale himalayica | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Chiropodomys qliroides | Vulnerable |
Coelops frithi | Data Deficient |
Cremnomys blanfordi | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Cricetulus alticola | Vulnerable |
Cricetulus migratorius | Endangered |
Crocidura attenuata | Lower Risk-least concern 1 |
Crocidura fuliginosa | Data Deficient |
Crocidura horsfieldi | Data Deficient |
Crocidura leucodaon | Data Deficient |
Crocidura pergrisea | Endangered |
Crocidura pullata | Data Deficient |
Cuon alpinus adjustes | Critically Endangered |
Cuon alpinus primaevus | Vulnerable |
Cynopterus brachyotis | Lower Risk-least concern |
Cynopterus sphinx | Lower Risk-least concern |
Daenomys millardi | Vulnerable |
Delphinus delphis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Critically Endangered |
Diomys crumpi | Endangered |
Dremomys lokriah | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Dugong dugon | Critically Endangered 1 |
Elephas maximus | Vulnerable 2 |
Eonycteris spelaea | Vulnerable |
Eothenomys melanogastor | Data Deficient |
Eptesicus pachyotis | Data Deficient |
Eptesicus serotinus | Data Deficient |
Equus kiang | Vulnerable |
Eubalaena glacialis | Endangered |
Eupetaurus cinereus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Felis chaus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Felis silvestris ornata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Feroculus feroculus | Vulnerable |
Funambulus layardi | Data Deficient |
Funambulus palmarum | Lower Risk-least concern |
Funambulus pennantii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Funambulus sublineatus | Data Deficient |
Gazella bennettii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Gerbillus gleadowi | Lower Risk-least concern |
Gerbillus nanus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Globicephala macrorhynchus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Gohunda ellioti | Lower Risk-least concern |
Grampus griseus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Hadromys humei | Data Deficient |
Helarctos malayanus | Data Deficient |
Hemiechinus collaris | Lower Risk-least concern |
Hemitragus jemlahicus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Herpestes endwardsii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Herpestes javanicus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Herpestes smithii smithii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Herpestes urva | Vulnerable |
Herpestes vitticollis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Hesperoptenus tickelli | Data Deficient |
Hipposideros armiger | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Hipposideros ater | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Hipposideros cineraceus | Data Deficient |
Hipposideros fulvus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Hipposideros galeritus | Data Deficient |
Hipposideros lankadiva | Vulnerable |
Hipposideros larvatus | Data Deficient |
Hipposideros pomona | Data Deficient |
Hipposideros speoris | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Hyaena hyaena | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Hylobates hoolock | Endangered 1 |
Hylopetes alboniger | Vulnerable |
Hylopetes barberi | Data Deficient |
Hylopetes fimbriatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Hyperacrius fertilis | Data Deficient |
Hyperacrius wynnei | Vulnerable |
Hystrix brachyura | Vulnerable |
Hystrix indica | Lower Risk-least concern |
Ia io | Endangered |
Kerivoula papillosa | Data Deficient |
Kerivoula hardwickii | Data Deficient |
Kerivoula picta | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Kogia breviceps | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Kogia simus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Leopoldamys edwardsi | Data Deficient |
Lepus capensis | Data Deficient |
Lepus nigricollis | Lower Risk-least concern |
Lepus oiostolus | Data Deficient |
Loris tradigradus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Lynx lynx | Endangered |
Macaca arctoides | Lower Risk-near threatened 1 |
Macaca assamensis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Macaca fascicularis umbrosa | Critically Endangered |
Macaca mulatta | Lower Risk-least concern |
Macaca nemestrina | Data Deficient |
Manis crassicaudata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Manis pentadactyla | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Marcoglossus sobrinus | Data Deficient |
Marmota bobak | Endangered |
Marmota caudata | Vulnerable |
Martes fIavigula | Lower Risk-least concern 3 |
Martes foina | Data Deficient |
Megaderma lyra | Lower Risk-least concern |
Megaderma spasma | Data Deficient |
Megaptera novaeangliae | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Megarops niphanae | Data Deficient |
Mellivora capensis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Melogale moschata | Endangered |
Melogale personata | Vulnerable |
Melursus ursinus | Vulnerable |
Meriones hurriane | Lower Risk-least concern |
Micromys minutus | Vulnerable |
Microtus leusurus | Data Deficient |
Microtus sikimensis | Lower Risk-least concern |
Millardia gleadowi | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Millardia meltada | Lower Risk-least concern |
Miniopterus pusillus | Data Deficient |
Miniopterus schreibersii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Moschola meminna | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Moschus chrysogaster | Critically Endangered 1 |
Muntiacus muntjak | Lower Risk-least concern |
Murina aurata | Data Deficient |
Murina cyclotis | Data Deficient |
Murina huttoni | Data Deficient |
Murina leucogaster | Data Deficient |
Murina tubinaris | Vulnerable |
Mus booduga | Lower Risk-least concern |
Mus cervicolor | Lower Risk-least concern |
Mus cookii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Mus musculus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Mus pahari | Data Deficient |
Mus saxicola | Lower Risk-least concern |
Mustela altaica | Data Deficient |
Mustela erminea ferghanae | Data Deficient |
Mustela kathiah | Data Deficient |
Mustela putorius larvatus | Data Deficient |
Mustela sibirica | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Mustela strigidorsa | Data Deficient |
Myotis annectans | Data Deficient |
Myotis blythi | Data Deficient |
Myotis daubentoni | Data Deficient |
Myotis formosus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Myotis hasseltii | Data Deficient |
Myotis horsfieldii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Myotis longipes | Endangered |
Myotis montivagus | Data Deficient |
Myotis muricola | Data Deficient |
Myotis mystacinus | Data Deficient |
Myotis sicarius | Vulnerable |
Myotis siligorensis | Data Deficient |
Naemorhedus sumatraensis | Vulnerable 2 |
Nectogale elegans | Vulnerable |
Neofelis nebulosa | Lower Risk-near threatened 1 |
Neophocaena phocaenoides | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Nesokia indica | Lower Risk-least concern |
Niviventer brahma | Endangered |
Niviventer eha | Vulnerable |
Niviventer fulvercens | Lower Risk-least concern |
Niviventer langbianis | Data Deficient |
Niviventer niviventer | Data Deficient |
Niviventer tenaster | Data Deficient |
Nyctalus leisleri | Data Deficient |
Nyctalus montanus | Data Deficient |
Nyctalus noctula | Data Deficient |
Nycticebus coucang | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ochotona curzoniae | Endangered |
Ochotona forresti | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ochotona ladacensis | Data Deficient |
Ochotona macrotis | Data Deficient |
Ochotona nubrica | Data Deficient |
Ochotona roylei | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ochotona thibetana | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Orcaella brevirostris | Endangered |
Orcinus orca | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Otonycteris hemprichii | Vulnerable |
Ovis ammon | Critically Endangered |
Ovis orientalis | Endangered |
Paguma larvata | Lower Risk-least concern |
Panthera pardus | Vulnerable 6 |
Panthera tigris | Endangered |
Pantholops hodgsoni | Critically Endangered |
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Paraechinus micropus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Pardofelis marmorata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Peponocephala electra | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Petaurista philippensis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Physeter catodon | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Pipistrellus affinis | Data Deficient |
Pipistrellus cadornae | Data Deficient |
Pipistrellus ceylonicus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Pipistrellus coromandra | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Pipistrellus dormeri | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Pipistrellus kuhlii | Data Deficient |
Pipistrellus paterculus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Pipistrellus pipistrellus | Vulnerable |
Pipistrellus savii | Data Deficient |
Pipistrellus tenuis | Lower Risk-least concern |
Platanista gangetica | Critically Endangered 1 |
Plecotus austriacus | Data Deficient |
Plecotus auritus | Data Deficient |
Prionailurus bengalensis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Prionailurus rubiginosus rubiginosus | Lower Risk-near threatened 4 |
Prionailurus viverrinus | Vulnerable |
Prionodon pardicolor | Vulnerable |
Procapra picticaudata picticaudata | Critically Endangered |
Pseudois nayaur | Lower Risk-least concern |
Psuedorca crassidens | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Pteropus giganteus giganteus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Pteropus melanotus | Data Deficient |
Pteropus vampyrus | Data Deficient |
Rattus nitidus | Data Deficient |
Rattus norvegicus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Rattus rattus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Rattus sikkimensis | Data Deficient |
Rattus tiomanicus | Vulnerable |
Rattus turkestanicus | Data Deficient |
Ratufa bicolor gigantea | Vulnerable |
Ratufa macroura dandolena | Endangered |
Rhinoceros sondaicus | Extinct |
Rhinocerous unicornis | Endangered |
Rhinolophus affinis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Rhinolophus ferrumeuinum | Vulnerable |
Rhinolophus hipposideros | Vulnerable |
Rhinolophus lepidus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Rhinolophus pearsonii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Rhinolophus pusillus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Rhinolophus rouxi | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Rhinolophus subbadius | Critically Endangered |
Rhinolophus trifoliatus | Data Deficient |
Rhinolophus yunanensis | Data Deficient |
Rhinolopus luctus | Data Deficient |
Rhinopoma hardwickii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Rhinopoma microphyllum | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Rhizomys pruinosus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Rousettus leschenaulti | Lower Risk-least concern |
Saccolaimus saccolaimus | Data Deficient |
Scotoecus pallidus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Scotomanes ornatus | Data Deficient |
Scotophilus heathi | Lower Risk-least concern |
Scotophilus kuhlii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Semnopithecus entellus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Sicista concolor | Data Deficient |
Sorex caudatus | Vulnerable |
Sorex minutus | Vulnerable |
Soriculus leucops | Vulnerable |
Soriculus macrurus | Vulnerable |
Soriculus nigrescens | Vulnerable |
Sousa chinensis | Endangered |
Sphaerias blanfordi | Data Deficient |
Stenella longirostris | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Suncus etruscus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Suncus montanus | Vulnerable |
Suncus murinus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Suncus stoliczkanus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Sus salvanius | Critically Endangered 2 |
Sus scrofa | Lower Risk-least concern |
Tadarida aegyptiaca | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Tadarida teniotis | Data Deficient |
Talpa leucura | Vulnerable |
Talpa micrura | Lower Risk-least concern |
Tamiops macclellandi | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Taphozous longimanus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Taphozous melanopogan | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Taphozous nudiventris | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Taphozous perforatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Taphozous theobaldi | Data Deficient |
Tatera indica | Lower Risk-least concern |
Tetracerus quadricornis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Trachypithecus geei | Critically Endangered 5 |
Trachypithecus phayrei | Endangered 3 |
Trachypithecus piletaus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Tupaia belangeri | Lower Risk-least concern |
Tursiops truncatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Tylonycteri spachypus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Uncia uncia | Endangered |
Ursus arctos | Lower Risk-near threatened 1 |
Ursus thibetanus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Vandeleuria oleracea | Lower Risk-least concern |
Viverra zibetha | Vulnerable |
Viverricula indica | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Vulpes bengalensis | Lower Risk-near threatened 3 |
Vulpes vulpes montanna | Lower Risk-near threatened 6 |
Vulpes vulpes pusilla | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ziphius cavirostris | Lower Risk-near threatened |
As per www.wii.gov.in | |
1 = Vulnerable; 2 = Endangered; 3 = Indeterminate; 4 = Insufficiently known; 5 = Rare; 6 = Threatened ; |
Reptiles in India: |
Reptiles in India, which are about 500 (taxa) in number, has a good representation of endemics. Western Ghats is the richest region in India for its number of endemic reptiles. Ninety-five taxa are endemic to this biogeographic region with 10 more taxa sharing their distribution with adjacent areas. Northeastern India, which has a very high diversity among reptiles does not have many endemics within the Indian context because of the jagged political boundary of the country. Though restricted in their distribution in this region, locations of many reptiles are found outside India thereby making them endemics only in India. The case is similar in northern and northwestern India with many species ranging across neighbouring countries such as Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan and Tibet (CAMP Report, 1998).
Ecological Status of Reptiles in India |
|
ENDEMICS |
|
Scientific Name | Ecological Status |
Ahaetulla dispar | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ahaetulla perroteti | Endangered |
Alsopylax boehmi | Vulnerable |
Amphiesma beddomei | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Amphiesma khasiensis | Vulnerable |
Amphiesma monticola | Vulnerable |
Amphiesma nicobariensis | Data Deficient |
Amphiesma pealii | Data Deficient |
Amphiesma xenura | Data Deficient |
Aspideretes leithii | Vulnerable |
Barkudia insularis | Endangered |
Boiga andamanensis | Data Deficient |
Boiga dightoni | Endangered |
Brachyophidium rhodogaster | Endangered |
Bronchocela danieli | Endangered |
Bufoniceps laungwalansis | Vulnerable |
Bungarus andamanensis | Vulnerable |
Calliophis beddomei | Vulnerable |
Calliophis bibroni | Endangered |
Calliophis melanurus nigrescens | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Calodactylodes aureus | Endangered |
Calotes ellioti | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Calotes andamanensis | Vulnerable |
Calotes grandisquamis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Calotes nemoricola | Vulnerable |
Calotes rouxii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Chalcides pentadactylus | Critically Endangered |
Cnemaspis beddomei | Vulnerable |
Cnemaspis boiei | Data Deficient |
Cnemaspis goaensis | Critically Endangered |
Cnemaspis indica | Vulnerable |
Cnemaspis jerdonii jerdonii | Vulnerable |
Cnemaspis littoralis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Cnemaspis mysoriensis | Data Deficient |
Cnemaspis nairi | Critically Endangered |
Cnemaspis omatus | Vulnerable |
Cnemaspis sisparensis | Endangered |
Cnemaspis wynadensis | Endangered |
Coluber bholanathi | Vulnerable |
Coluber gracilis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Coronella brachyura | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Coryphophylax subcristatus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Cyrtodactylus fasciolatus | Vulnerable |
Cyrtodactylus gubematoris | Data Deficient |
Cyrtodactylus khasiensis khasiensis | Vulnerable |
Cyrtodactylus lawderanus | Vulnerable |
Cyrtodactylus malcolmsmithi | Critically Endangered |
Cyrtodactylus mansarulus | Critically Endangered |
Cyrtodactylus rubidus | Vulnerable |
Dasia nicobarensis | Endangered |
Dasia subcaeruleum | Data Deficient |
Dendrelaphis grandoculis | Vulnerable |
Dendrelaphis humayuni | Vulnerable |
Dendrelaphis pictus andamanensis | Vulnerable |
Dibamus nicobaricum | Endangered |
Dinodon gammiei | Endangered |
Draco dussumieri | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Echis carinatus carinatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Elaphe helena monticollaris | Vulnerable |
Enhydris dussumieri | Endangered |
Eryx whitakeri | Vulnerable |
Eumeces poonaensis | Critically Endangered |
Gecko verreauxi | Vulnerable |
Geckoella dekkanensis | Vulnerable |
Geckoella jeyporensis | Data Deficient |
Geckoella nebulosa | Vulnerable |
Geoemyda silvatica | Vulnerable |
Gonglylosoma nicobariensis | Data Deficient |
Hemidactylus anamallensis | Vulnerable |
Hemidactylus giganteus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Hemidactylus gracilis | Vulnerable |
Hemidactylus maculatus maculatus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Hemidactylus mahendrai | Vulnerable |
Hemidactylus porbandarensis | Vulnerable |
Hemidactylus prashadi | Endangered |
Hemidactylus reticulatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Hemidactylus subtriedrus | Endangered |
Hemiphyllodactylus typhlops aurantiacus | Vulnerable |
Indotestudo forstenii | Lower Risk-near threatened 5 |
Japalura major | Critically Endangered |
Kachuga tentoria circumdata | Vulnerable |
Kachuga tentoria tentoria | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Lipinia macrotympanum | Vulnerable |
Lycodon flavomaculatus | Vulnerable |
Lycodon mackinnoni | Vulnerable |
Lycodon tiwarii | Critically Endangered |
Lycodon travancoricus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Lygosoma ashwamedhi | Vulnerable |
Lygosoma goaensis | Data Deficient |
Lygosoma guentheri | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Lygosoma lineata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Lygosoma pruthi | Critically Endangered |
Mabuya allapallensis | Endangered |
Mabuya andamanensis | Vulnerable |
Mabuya clivicola | Endangered |
Mabuya gansi | Vulnerable |
Mabuya innotatus | Data Deficient |
Mabuya nagarjuni | Endangered |
Mabuya trivittata | Lower Risk-least concern |
Mabuya tytlerii | Vulnerable |
Melanochelys trijuga coronata | Vulnerable |
Melanochelys trijuga trijuga | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Melanophidium bilineatum | Data Deficient |
Melanophidium punctatum | Vulnerable |
Melanophidium wynandensis | Data Deficient |
Mictopholis austeniana | Critically Endangered |
Naja sagittifera | Critically Endangered |
Oligodon affinis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Oligodon brevicaudus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Oligodon erythrorhachis | Data Deficient |
Oligodon juglandifer | Endangered |
Oligodon melaneus | Data Deficient |
Oligodon melazonotus | Data Deficient |
Oligodon nikhili | Critically Endangered 5 |
Oligodon travancoricum | Endangered |
Oligodon venustum | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Oligodon woodmasoni | Data Deficient |
Ophisops leschenaultii leschenaultii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Ophisops beddomei | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ophisops microlepis | Lower Risk-least concern |
Ophisops minor nictans | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Oriocalotes paulus | Endangered |
Otocryptis beddomeii | Vulnerable |
Phelsuma andamanense | Lower Risk-least concern |
Phrynocephalus alticola | Vulnerable |
Platyplectrurus madurensis madurensis | Endangered |
Platyplectrurus trilineatus | Vulnerable |
Plectrurus aureus | Data Deficient |
Plectrurus canaricus | Data Deficient |
Plectrurus guentheri | Vulnerable |
Plectrurus perroteti | Lower Risk-least concern |
Psammophilus dorsalis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Psammophis longifrons | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Pyxidea mouhotii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Rhabdops olivaceus | Critically Endangered |
Rhinophis fergusonianus | Data Deficient |
Rhinophis sanguineus | Data Deficient |
Rhinophis travancoricus | Data Deficient |
Ristella beddomii | Vulnerable |
Ristella guentheri | Vulnerable |
Ristella rurkii | Vulnerable |
Ristella travancoricus | Vulnerable |
Salea anamallayana | Endangered |
Salea horsfieldii | Endangered |
Scincella bilineatum | Data Deficient |
Scincella macrotis | Vulnerable |
Scincella tragbulense | Vulnerable |
Scincella travancoricum | Vulnerable |
Sepsophis punctatus | Endangered |
Sibynophis subpunctatus subpunctatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Sphenomorphus courcyanum | Vulnerable |
Stoliczkaia khasiensis | Data Deficient |
Takydromus haughtonianus | Vulnerable |
Teratolepis albofasciatus | Data Deficient |
Teretrurus sanguineus | Data Deficient |
Trachischium laeve | Data Deficient |
Trimeresurus cantori | Vulnerable |
Trimeresurus gramineus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Trimeresurus labialis | Data Deficient |
Trimeresurus macrolepis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Trimeresurus malabaricus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus andersoni | Vulnerable |
Trimeresurus strigatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Trimereurus huttoni | Critically Endangered |
Typhlops andamanensis | Data Deficient |
Typhlops beddomi | Vulnerable |
Typhlops bothriorhynchus | Data Deficient |
Typhlops loveridgei | Data Deficient |
Typhlops oatesii | Vulnerable |
Typhlops oligolepis | Endangered |
Typhlops tennuicollis | Critically Endangered |
Typhlops thurstoni | Data Deficient |
Typhlops tindalli | Data Deficient |
Uropeltis macrolepis | Vulnerable |
Uropeltis arcticeps | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Uropeltis beddomii | Data Deficient |
Uropeltis broughami | Data Deficient |
Uropeltis ceylanicus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Uropeltis dindigalensis | Critically Endangered |
Uropeltis ellioti | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Uropeltis liura | Endangered |
Uropeltis macrorhynchus | Data Deficient |
Uropeltis maculatus | Endangered |
Uropeltis myhendrae | Data Deficient |
Uropeltis nitidus | Data Deficient |
Uropeltis ocellatus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Uropeltis petersi | Data Deficient |
Uropeltis phipsonii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Uropeltis pulneyensis | Endangered |
Uropeltis rubrolineatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Uropeltis rubromaculatus | Endangered |
Uropeltis smithi | Data Deficient |
Uropeltis woodmasoni | Endangered |
Varanas salvator nicobariensis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Varanus salvator andamanensis | Vulnerable |
Xylophis perroteti | Vulnerable |
Xylophis stenorhynchus | Endangered |
NON-ENDEMICS |
|
Scientific Name | Ecological Status |
Ablepharus grayanus | Data Deficient |
Ablepharus pannonicus | Data Deficient |
Acanthodactylus blanfordii | Data Deficient |
Acanthodactylus cantoris | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Acrochordus granulatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Agkistrodon himalayanus | Data Deficient |
Ahaetulla fronticincta | Data Deficient |
Ahaetulla nasutus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ahaetulla prasina prasina | Endangered |
Ahaetulla pulverulenta | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Amphiesma modesta | Endangered |
Amphiesma parallela | Endangered |
Amphiesma platyceps | Vulnerable |
Amphiesma sieboldii | Data Deficient |
Amphiesma stolata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Argyrogena fasciolatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Aspideretes gangeticus | Vulnerable |
Aspideretes hurum | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Astrotia stokesii | Data Deficient |
Atretium schistosum | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Batagur baska baska | Critically Endangered |
Blythia reticulata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Boiga beddomei | Data Deficient |
Boiga cyanea | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Boiga forsteni | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Boiga multifasciata | Vulnerable |
Boiga multomaculata | Vulnerable |
Boiga nuchalis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Boiga ocellata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Boiga ochraceus ochraceus | Vulnerable |
Boiga ochraceus stoliczkae | Data Deficient |
Boiga ochraceus walli | Data Deficient |
Boiga quincunciata | Data Deficient |
Boiga trigonatus trigonatus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Bungarus caeruleus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Bungarus fasciatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Bungarus lividus | Data Deficient |
Bungarus niger | Data Deficient |
Bungarus sindanus sindanus | Data Deficient |
Bungarus sindanus walli | Data Deficient |
Calamaria pavimentata | Vulnerable |
Calliophis macclellandi univirgatus | Data Deficient |
Calliophis melanurus melanurus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Calotes calotes | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Calotes jerdoni | Data Deficient |
Calotes versicolor farooqi | Critically Endangered |
Calotes versicolor versicolor | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Caretta caretta | Lower Risk-near threatened 1 |
Cerberus rynchops rynchops | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Chamaeleo zeylanicus | Vulnerable |
Chelonia mydas | Endangered |
Chitra indica | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Chrysopelea ornata ornata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Chrysopelea paradisi | Critically Endangered |
Cnemaspis kandianus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Cnemaspis tropidogaster | Vulnerable |
Coluber ventromaculatus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Cosymbotus platyurus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Crocodylus palustris | Vulnerable |
Crocodylus porosus | Endangered 1 |
Cuora amboinensis kamaroma | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Cyclemys dentata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Cyrtodactylus stoliczkai | Data Deficient |
Cyrtodactylus walli | Data Deficient |
Cyrtopodion kachhensis | Data Deficient |
Cyrtopodion scaber | Data Deficient |
Daboia russelii russelii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Dasamia rugifera | Vulnerable |
Dasia halianus | Critically Endangered |
Dasia oliveceae | Endangered |
Dendrelaphis bifrenalis | Endangered |
Dendrelaphis cyanochloris | Lower Risk-least concern |
Dendrelaphis tristis | Lower Risk-least concern |
Dermochelys coriacea | Endangered |
Dinodon septentrionalis septentrionalis | Endangered |
Draco blanfordii norvilli | Lower Risk-least concern |
Dryocalamus gracilis | Data Deficient |
Dryocalamus nympha | Vulnerable |
Echis carinatus sochureki | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Elachistodon westermanni | Vulnerable 5 |
Elaphe cantoris | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Elaphe flavolineata | Vulnerable |
Elaphe helena helena | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Elaphe hodgsonii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Elaphe mandarina | Vulnerable |
Elaphe porphyracea porphyracea | Data Deficient |
Elaphe radiata | Lower Risk-least concern |
Enhydrina schistosus | Data Deficient |
Enhydris sieboldii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Enhydris enhydris | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Eremias guttulata watsonana | Data Deficient |
Eretmochelys imbricata | Endangered |
Eristicophis macmahoni | Data Deficient |
Eryx conica conica | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Eryx johnii johnii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Eryx johnii persicus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Eublepharis hardwickii | Data Deficient |
Eublepharis macularius | Lower Risk-least concern |
Eumeces blythianus | Data Deficient |
Eumeces taeniolatus | Data Deficient |
Fordonia leucobalia | Vulnerable |
Gavialis gangeticus | Endangered |
Geckoella collegalensis | Data Deficient |
Gekko gecko gecko | Data Deficient |
Gekko smithii | Vulnerable |
Geochelone elegans | Vulnerable |
Geoc/emys hamiltonii | Vulnerable 3 |
Gerardia prevostianus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Hardella thurjii thurjii | Vulnerable |
Hemidactylus bowringii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Hemidactylus brookii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Hemidactylus flaviviridis | Lower Risk-least concern |
Hemidactylus frenatus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Hemidactylus gamotii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Hemidactylus karenorum | Vulnerable |
Hemidactylus leschenaulti | Lower Risk-least concern |
Hemidactylus scabriceps | Vulnerable |
Hemidactylus triedrus triedrus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Homalopsis buccata | Critically Endangered |
Hydrophis caerulescens | Data Deficient |
Hydrophis lapemoides | Data Deficient |
Hypnale hypnale | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Indotestudo elongata | Lower Risk-near threatened 5 |
Japalura andersoniana | Data Deficient |
Japalura kumaonensis | Critically Endangered |
Japalura planidorsata | Vulnerable |
Japalura tricarinatus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Japalura variegata | Lower Risk-least concern |
Kachuga dhongoka | Vulnerable |
Kachuga kachuga | Vulnerable 3 |
Kachuga smithii pallidipes | Lower Risk-least concern |
Kachuga smithii smithii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Kachuga sylhetensis | Critically Endangered |
Kachuga tecta | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Kachuga tentoria fIaviventer | Vulnerable |
Kerilia jerdonii jerdonii | Data Deficient |
Laticauda colubrina | Data Deficient |
Laticaudata laticaudata | Data Deficient |
Laudakia agrorensis | Data Deficient |
Laudakia himalayanus himalayanus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Laudakia melanura | Lower Risk-least concern |
Laudakia minor | Lower Risk-least concern |
Laudakia pakistanica | Vulnerable |
Laudakia tuberculata | Lower Risk-least concern |
Leicocephalophis cyanocincta | Data Deficient |
Leiocephalus spiralis | Data Deficient |
Lepidochelys olivacea | Endangered |
Leptotyphlops blanfordii blanfordii | Vulnerable |
Liopeltis calamarius | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Liopeltis frenatus | Vulnerable |
Liopeltis rappii | Vulnerable |
Liopeltis stoliczkae | Vulnerable |
Lissemys punctata andersoni | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Lissemys punctata punctata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Lycodon aulicus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Lycodon capucinus | Vulnerable |
Lycodon fasciatus | Vulnerable |
Lycodon jara | Data Deficient |
Lycodon striatus striatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Lygosoma albopunctata | Lower Risk-least concern |
Lygosoma bowringai | Critically Endangered |
Lygosoma punctatus | Lower Risk-least concern |
Lyaosoma vosmaerii | Data Deficient |
Mabuya beddomei | Lower Risk-least concern |
Mabuya bibronii | Lower Risk-least concern |
Mabuya carinata carinata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Mabuya dissimilis | Data Deficient |
Mabuya macularius | Lower Risk-least concern |
Mabuya multifasciata | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Mabuya multicarianata | Endangered |
Mabuya rudis | Endangered |
Macropisthodon plumbicolor plumbicolor | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Manouria emys phayrei | Vulnerable |
Melanochelys tricarinata | Lower Risk-least concern 3 |
Melanochelys trijuga indopeninsularis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Melanochelys trijuga thermalis | Endangered |
Microcephalophis gracilis | Data Deficient |
Morenia petersi | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Naja naja | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Naja oxiana | Critically Endangered |
Oligodon albocinctus | Data Deficient |
Oligodon amensis | Lower Risk-least concern |
Oligodon cinereus | Endangered |
Oligodon cyclurus cyclurus | Endangered |
Oligodon dorsalis | Vulnerable |
Oligodon erythrogaster | Endangered |
Oligodon taeniolatus fasciatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ophiodrys doriae | Critically Endangered |
Ophiomorus raithmai | Vulnerable |
Ophiomorus tridactylus | Data Deficient |
Ophiophagus hannah | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ophisaurus gracilis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ophisops jerdoni | Data Deficient |
Ovophis monticola monticola | Data Deficient |
Pareas macularius | Critically Endangered |
Pareas monticolus | Vulnerable |
Pelochelys cantorii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Phrynocephalus theobaldi | Vulnerable |
Protobothrops jerdonii jerdonii | Vulnerable |
Protobothrops mucrosquamatus | Data Deficient |
Psammodynastes Pulverulentus | Vulnerable |
Psammophis condanarus condanarus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Psammophis leithii | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Psammophis schokari | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Pseudoxenodon macrops macrops | Vulnerable |
Ptyas mucosus mucosus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ptyas nigromarginatus | Vulnerable |
Ptychozoon kuhli | Critically Endangered |
Ptyctolaemus gularis | Endangered |
Python molurus bivittatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Python molurus molurus | Lower Risk-near threatened 1 |
Python reticulatus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Ramphotyphlops braminus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Rhabdophis himalayanus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Rhabdophis subminiatus | Vulnerable |
Rhabdops bicolor | Vulnerable |
Rhinotyphlops acutus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Salea kakhienensis | Critically Endangered |
Scincella himalayanus | Data Deficient |
Scincella ladacensis | Data Deficient |
Scincella sikimmensis | Data Deficient |
Sibynophis collaris | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Sibynophis sagittaria | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Sitana ponticeriana | Lower Risk-least concern |
Spalerosophis arenarius | Vulnerable |
Spalerosophis diadema | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Sphenomorphus dussumieri | Lower Risk-least concern |
Sphenomorphus indicus | Data Deficient |
Sphenomorphus maculatus | Data Deficient |
Sphenomorphus reevesii reevesii | Data Deficient |
Takydromus sexlineatus khasiensis | Endangered |
Trachischium fuscum | Vulnerable |
Trachischium guentheri | Critically Endangered |
Trachischium monticolum | Critically Endangered |
Trachischium tenuiceps | Critically Endangered |
Trapelus agilis | Data Deficient |
Trimeresurus albolabris septentrionalis | Lower Risk-least concern |
Trimeresurus erythrurus | Data Deficient |
Trimeresurus popeorum | Vulnerable |
Trimeresurus stejnegeri yunnanensis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Typhlops diardii diardii | Data Deficient |
Typhlops jerdoni | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Typhlops pammeces | Data Deficient |
Typhlops porrectus | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Uromastyx hardwickii | Vulnerable |
Varanus bengalensis | Vulnerable |
Varanus flavescens | Vulnerable 3 |
Varanus griseus konicznyi | Vulnerable |
Varanus salvator salvator | Vulnerable |
Xenochrophis cerasogaster | Lower Risk-near threatened |
Xenochrophis melanzostus | Vulnerable |
Xenochrophis piscator piscator | Lower Risk-least concern |
Xenochrophis sanctijohannis | Lower Risk-near threatened |
As per www.wii.gov.in | |
1 = Vulnerable; 2 = Endangered; 3 = Indeterminate; 4 = Insufficiently known; 5 = Rare; 6 = Threatened ; |
Definitions for the Ecological Status categories of species: |
The final version of the IUCN Red List categories (December 1994) has evolved through inputs from specialists for various groups of taxa all over the world. Red List categories were first introduced in the early 70s and only in 1991 a revaluation of the categories was done by Georgina Mace and Russell Lande which was called Version 1. For the first time a quantitative approach was introduced in assessing mammalian taxa. Version 2 and later versions attempted the approach of quantification for assessment for all groups of taxa except microorganisms. Non-threatened categories were also introduced during that iteration of the IUCN categories. The present version has been distinctly classified into threatened categories and non-threatened categories. The categories are as follows:
EXTINCT (EX): A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that its last individual has died.
EXTINCT IN THE WILD (EW): A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity, or as a naturalized population (or population) well outside the past range.
CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR): A taxon is Critically Endangered when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future as defined by the criteria.
ENDANGERED (EN): A taxon is Endangered when it is not critical but is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future, as defined by the criteria.
VULNERABLE (VU): A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critical or Endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future, as defined by the criteria.
LOWER RISK (LR): A taxon is facing Lower Risk when it has been evaluated and does not qualify for any of the above categories -- Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable – and is also not Data Deficient. Sub-categories for Lower Risk are explained below.
LOWER RISK –conservation dependent (LRcd): Taxa which do not currently qualify under any of the categories above may be classified as conservation dependent. To be considered conservation dependent, a taxon must be the focus of a continuing taxon-specific or habitat-specific conservation program which directly affects the taxon in question. The cessation of this program would result in the taxon qualifying for one of the threatened categories above.
LOWER RISK – near threatened (LRnt): A taxon is near threatened when it is not Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable but is, none-the-less, felt to be facing a risk of being threatened.
LOWER RISK –least concern (LRlc): A taxon is considered of least concern when it is not threatened, conservation dependent or near threatened.
DATA DEFICIENT (DD): A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information for making a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status.
NOT EVALUATED (NE): A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been assessed against the given criteria (CAMP Report, 1998).