BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS OF KARNATAKA

	BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT Byramangala

	Setting \| Threats \| Knowledge Individuals \| Habitat \| Life Scape \| Management

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. Name of the Hotspot: Byramangala Reservoir.

2. Focal species:

a. Plants

Eichornia crassepis, Cyperus sp., Pongamia pinnata

(List attached)

b. Mammals:

Three Striped Palm Squirrel

c. Reptiles:

Gecko, Rat Snake, Cobra, Checkered Keelback, Russel’s Viper, Skink

(List attached)

d. Birds:

Northern Pintail, Northern Shoveller, Garganey, Pochard, Painted Stork, Spotbilled Pelican.

(List attached)

e. Fishes:

(Source Mr. Chandrashekariah & Mr. Rahman)

3. Coordinating Team: None

4. Investigating Team: Manjunath P. Pramod Subbarao & Harish Bhat,

Experience/expertise: Naturalists and Researcher

5. Dates of data collection: 25-01-2004 & 26-01-2004

6. Process of data collection: Field visits, Interviews.

7. Sources of information: Knowledgeable Individuals, Experts & Officials

8. Number of man-days consumed in data collection: 6 Days

SETTING

1. Location: Byramangala Reservoir Bangalore Rural District

2. Area (in ha or sq.km.): 412 ha. approx

3. Latitude/Longitude/Altitude:

Latitude: 12° 12‘ N

Longitude:77° 33’ E

Temperature: 13°C - 34°C

Rainfall: 380 mm Approx.

4. Village/Town/Taluk/District: Byramangala, Bidadi Bangalore Rural District

5. Maps (kind of map and the scale):

6. Mode of access (Distance from Railway/Bus station):

Distance From

Bus Station

(in kms)

Railway Station

(in kms)

Bangalore

Bidadi

Nearest Airports: Bangalore

7. Facilities to stay closest to the hotspot: Nil

8. Tariff (if any) to be paid to visit the Hotspots: None

9. Controlling Authorities:

10. Classes of Landscape: Plain Land & Reservoir

11. Water bodies: Reservoir

12. Human populations: No human settlement within the hotspot.

13. Presence of Scheduled tribes or Nomadic tribes population: None

14. Livestock: None.

15. Irrigation status & Major crops: Annual crops like vegetables, ragi, sugarcane and perennial crops like arecanut, plantain and coconut

16. Significant forest produce: Nil

17. Quantities recorded at the Range or Divisional Forest Offices: Nil

18. Cooperative societies and their transactions: NA.

19. Significant fresh water fish productions: NA.

20. Disposal of fishing rights (Leasing/Auctioning/License): NA.

21. Significant estuarine & marine fish/shell fish productions: NA.

22. Number and type of fishing crafts: NA.

23. Nearest Fishing landing centres: NA.

24. Availability of fish processing facilities: NA.

25. Mining and quarrying activities: NA.

26. Sources & extent of Air and Water pollution: NA.

27. Prevalence of Human diseases: NA.

28. Prevalence of Livestock diseases: NA,

29. Educational institutions: None

30. Cooperative societies: None

31. Youth clubs: NA.

32. Ladies clubs: NA.

33. Active NGOs: None

THREATS AND SUPPORTIVE RESTORATION ACTIVITIES

	Name of individual/institutions/agency	Activity with a positive influence on core area	Activity with a negative influence on core area	Activity with a positive influence on zone of influence	Activity with a negative influence on the zone of influence
1	2	3	4	5	6
Local individuals	-	-	-	-	Littering the peripheral region and washing clothes, cattle
Local institutions	-	-	-	-	-
Outside individuals	-	-	-	-	-
Outside institutions	-	-	-	-	-
Government agencies	-	-	-	-	Discharge of sewage water and urban wastes to the reservior
Industrial, mining companies etc.	-	-	-	-	-
Any other agencies	-	-	-	-

HABITATS

a. Preparation of sketch map of the landscape

1. For zone of influence

2. For zone of influence

b. Description of Habitat types

1. Habitat type: Reservoir

2. Local name (if any): Byramangala Kere

3. Approximate total area (ha): 412 ha. approx

4. Special significance of the habitat type (if any):

5. Management regimes:

6. Goods and Services provided by the habitat: Recharges open wells around the tank, though filled with urban sewage water it provides good habitat for birds

7. Bads and Disservices provided by the habitat: Weeds, plastic heaps & urban sewage

8. Significant ecological processes influenced by the habitat type: NA.

9. Significant man- induced processes influenced by the habitat: No significant man –induced processes.

10. Interacting individuals and institutions (Local): No interaction of individuals & institutions.

11. Activities:

12. Interacting individuals and institutions (External): NA.

13. Activities: NA.

c. History of important habitat patches over 10-15/40-50 years

30 years back the tank provided water for drinking purpose and irrigating crops like Cauliflower, Ragi, Jowar, Sugarcane, Plantain and Perennial crops like Coconut and Arecanut were grown.

1. Type and name of the habitat patch: Aquatic Habitat – Byramangala Reservoir

2. Change in

i. Area: Nil.

ii. Vegetation strata: Planted

3. Aquatic habitat change in

i. Catchment area: Shrunken.

ii. Aquatic fauna: Depletion in the Fish Species

iii. Aquatic flora: Invasion of Weeds like Eichornia crassepis

4. Significant ecological processes influencing the habitat patch: Augmenting Groundwater Level

5. Significant man induced processes influencing the habitat patch: Polluting the peripheral region and the tank itself by littering, washing clothes, cattle and dumping wastes.

6. Productivity of Goods and Services: Nil.

7. Extent of Bads and Disservices: Pungent odor spreading near by and adding up more pollutants thus making the water useless.

8. Reasons for ongoing changes: Urban sewage water is left untreated to the tank and no proper management system or regulation of the dumping and polluting the tank.

9. Gainers: People interested in dumping wastes and land grabbers.

10. Losers: Water dependent locals.

11. Desired changes/Desired future:

The sewage water could be treated at different levels and let into the tank.

Cleaning up of the entire tank is very crucial.

12. Desired management system: Proper coordination between line departments and involving local people in management plan preparation.

13. Suggested component for a feasible management plan for that habitat patch: As above.

LIFE SCAPE

a. Naturally occurring species of significance
1. Flowering plants:

1.	Pongamia pinnata	Honge
2.	Mangifera indica	Maavu
3.	Ficus benghalensis	Aala
4.	Eucalyptus sp.	Nilgiri

2. Insects:

v Butterfly

1.	Blue Bottle, Common	Graphium sarpedon
2.	Cerulean, Common	Jamides celeno
3.	Crimson Tip	Colotis danae
4.	Crow, Common Indian	Euploea core
5.	Eggfly, Danaid	Hypolimnas misippus
6.	Emigrant, Common	Catopsilia pomona
7.	Grass Yellow, Common	Eurema hecabe
8.	Jewel, Grass	Freyeria trochylus
9.	Jezebel, Common	Delias eucharis
10.	Mormon, Blue	Papilio polymnestor
11.	Mormon, Common	Papilio polytes
12.	Orange Tip, Great	Hebomoia glaucippe
13.	Orange Tip, White	Ixias marianne
14.	Orange Tip, Yellow	Ixias pyrene
15.	Pansy, Lemon	Junonia lemonias
16.	Pansy, Yellow	Junonia hierta
17.	Pierrot, Common	Castalius rosimon
18.	Pioneer	Anaphaeis aurota
19.	Rose, Crimson	Pachliopta hector
20.	Sailer, Common	Neptis hylas
21.	Tiger, Blue	Tirumala linniace
22.	Tiger, Plain	Danaus chrysippus
23.	Tiger, Striped	Danaus genutia
24.	Wanderer, Common	Pareronia valeria

4. Reptiles:

v Lizards

1.	Agama, Rock	Psammophilus dorsalis
2.	Garden Lizard

v Snakes

1.	Cobra, Spectacled	Naja naja
2.	Keelback, Checkered	Xenochrophis piscator

5. Birds:

1.	Little Grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis
2.	Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo
3.	Little Cormorant	Phalacrocorax niger
4.	Spot-Billed Pelican	Pelecanus philippensis
5.	Large Egret	Casmerodius albus
6.	Purple Heron	Ardea purpurea
7.	Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea
8.	Indian Pond Heron	Ardeola grayii
9.	Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis
10.	Median Egret	Mesophoyx intermedia
11.	Little Egret	Egretta garzetta
12.	Painted Stork	Mycteria leucocephala
13.	Asian Openbill-Stork	Anastomus oscitans
14.	Oriental White Ibis	Threskiornis melanocephalus
15.	Northern Pintail	Anas acuta
16.	Common Teal	Anas crecca
17.	Spot-Billed Duck	Anas poecilorhyncha
18.	Northern Shoveller	Anas clypeata
19.	Garganey	Anas querquedula
20.	Common Pochard	Aythya ferina
21.	Black Shouldered Kite	Elanus caeruleus
22.	Black Kite	Milvus migrans
23.	Brahminy Kite	Haliastur Indus
24.	Shikra	Accipiter badius
25.	Booted Eagle	Hieraaetus pennatus
26.	Western Marsh Harrier	Circus aeruginosus
27.	Egyptian Vulture	Neophron percnopterus
28.	White-Breasted Waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus
29.	Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus
30.	Purple Moorhen	Porphyrio porphyrio
31.	Common Coot	Fulica atra
32.	Pheasant Tailed Jacana	Hydrophasianus chirurgus
33.	Black-Winged Stilt	Himantopus himantopus
34.	Ret-Wattled Lapwing	Vanellus indicus
35.	Black-Tailed Godwit	Limosa Limosa
36.	Marsh Sandpiper	Tringa stagnatilis
37.	Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia
38.	Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos
39.	Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius
40.	River Tern	Sterna aurantia
41.	Blue Rock Pigeon	Columba livia
42.	Spotted Dove	Streptopelia chinensis
43.	Little Brown Dove	Streptopelia senegalensis
44.	Rose Ringed Parakeet	Psittacula krameri
45.	Indian Plaintive Cuckoo	Cacomantis passerinus
46.	Pied Crested Cuckoo	Clamator jacobinus
47.	Asian Koel	Eudynamys scolopacea
48.	Lesser Coucal	Centropus bengalensis
49.	Barn Owl	Tyto alba
50.	Spotted Owlet	Athene brama
51.	House Swift	Apus affinis
52.	Lesser Pied Kingfisher	Ceryle rudis
53.	Small Blue Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis
54.	White-Breasted Kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis
55.	Small Bee-Eater	Merops orientalis
56.	Indian Roller	Coracias benghalensis
57.	Common Hoopoe	Upupa epops
58.	Coppersmith Barbet	Megalaima haemacephala
59.	White-Cheeked Barbet	Megalaima viridis
60.	Common Golden Backed Woodpecker	Dinopium javanense
61.	Common Swallow	Hirundo rustica
62.	Red-Rumped Swallow	Hirundo daurica
63.	Rufous Backed Shrike	Lanius schach
64.	Brown Shrike	Lanius cristatus
65.	Eurasian Golden Oriole	Oriolus oriolus
66.	Black Drongo	Dicrurus macrocercus
67.	Ashy Drongo	Dicrurus leucophaeus
68.	Rosy Starling	Sturnus roseus
69.	Grey-Headed Starling	Sturnus malabaricus
70.	Common Myna	Acridotheres tristis
71.	Jungle Myna	Acridotheres fuscus
72.	Indian Treepie	Dendrocitta vagabunda
73.	House Crow	Corvus splendens
74.	Jungle Crow	Corvus macrorphynchos
75.	Red-Vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus cafer
76.	Red-Whiskered Bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus
77.	White Headed Babbler	Turdoides affinis
78.	Plain Prinia	Prinia inornata
79.	Ashy Prinia	Prinia socialis
80.	Common Tailorbird	Orthotomus sutorius
81.	Blyth’s Reed-Warbler	Acrocephalus dumetorum
82.	Booted Warbler	Hippolais caligata
83.	Oriental Magpie-Robin	Copsychus saularis
84.	Pied Bushchat	Saxicola caprata
85.	Indian Robin	Saxicoloides fulicata
86.	Paddyfield Pipit	Anthus rufulus
87.	Tickell’s Flowerpecker	Dicaeum erythrorhynchos
88.	Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava
89.	Grey Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea
90.	White Wagtail	Motacilla alba
91.	Large Pied Wagtail	Motacilla maderaspatensis
92.	Purple-Rumped Sunbird	Nectarinia zeylonica
93.	Baya Weaver	Ploceus philippinus
94.	Spotted Munia	Lonchura punctulata
95.	White-throated Munia	Lonchura malabarica

6. Mammals:

1.	Squirrel, Three Striped Palm	Funambulus palmarum
2.	Bat, Fruit	Rousettus leschenaultii

b. Additional information on species of significance

1. Most common local name of the species (Language):

Common Local Name

(in Kannada)

Common Name

Scientific name

2. Scientific name of the species: See the table above.

3. Habitat favoured: Reservoir

4. Value to local community: Not much use.

5. Major uses/ill effects:

6. Value of global relevance (as Rare, Threatened or Endangered):

Rare	Threatened	Endangered
Northern Pintail
Northern Shoveller
Painted Stork
Asian Openbill Stork
Spotbilled Pelican

c. Inventory of significant varieties of domestic plants/animals:

1. Local name of Species: NA.

2. Scientific name of species: NA.

3. Local name of variety: NA.

4. Language employed: NA.

5. Distinctive features of the species/varieties: NA.

6. Value to local community: NA.

7. Major uses: NA.

8. Value of global relevance (as rare, threatened or endemic etc.): NA.

d. History of significant species/varieties

1. Most common name of the species: NA.

2. Scientific name: NA.

3. Most common local name of variety: NA.

4. Existing management authority: NA.

5. Fish breeding season: NA.

6. Fishing methods (Types of nets used): NA.

7. Existing management authority: NA.

8. Current level of abundance: NA.

9. Trend in abundance in last 10-15/40-50 years: NA.

10. Significant ecological processes influencing the species/varieties: NA.

11. Significance man induced processes influencing the species/variety: NA.

12. Reasons for the ongoing change: NA.

13. Gainers (Internal/External): NA.

14. Losers (Internal/External): NA.

15. Desired changes/Desired future: NA.

16. Desired management system: NA.

17. Suggested component for a feasible management plan for the species/variety: NA.

MANAGEMENT

a. Perspectives of others

1.Desired response options of different members of local or outside communities/institutions/government agencies/industrial or mining undertakings etc,. to be recorded.

2. Significance of management issues and response options.

3. Management issues pertaining to

a. Habitat and/or: Need to be cleaned up and tank to be protected from being encroached and desiltation along with dumping wastes

b. Species/variety

4. Customary/Administrative:

Customary: Nil

Administrative: .

5. Since how long the arrangements have been in practice:

6. Changes if any in management pattern over last 10-15/40-50 years: Irrigation Department and BWSSB

7. Desired changes/Desired future: The tank needs to be cleaned up and the polluted water need to be treated by different phases. Peripheral region should be monitored from dumping and release of waste to the tank.

8. Desired management system: Department to work with local panchayat and decide in the protection and sustainable use of the tank water.

b. Perspectives of Investigators:

c. Desired and feasible pattern of management that should be promoted in the opinion of the investigators: Treatment plant to be set up and the water let into the tank to be properly treated. Clean up the dumped wastes from the peripheral region and also inside the tank.

d. Suggested strategy for promoting these desired patterns of management and the communication needs for the purpose: To be implemented the above by the respective departments.

e. Cultural, religious, recreational, scenic, tourist significance of the hotspot: It harbours many numbers of rare water birds.

f. Ecological evaluation of the hotspot: To be protected as it harbours more that 40 species of water birds.

g. Suggested follow up investigations: Periodical monitoring and inventory of water birds.

h. Any other suggested follow up:

– Educate locals about conservation.

– Take locals into confidence.

– Organize educational tours to the hotspot.

– Periodic census for flora and fauna to be carried out.

2. Insects:

3. Amphibians:

4. Reptiles:

5. Birds:

6. Mammals: