Annexure A: Details of Action Plans

We annex below the details of specific action plans received during consultations for the Karnataka State of Environment Report and Action Plan preparation through district and state level consultations with officials, experts and NGOs. The numbers refer to the Action Plans in Section 9 above.

 

*The Defence Authorities, Government of India have taken over prime fishing area for the construction of Naval Base - "SEA BIRD" near Karwar and also they are conducting Naval exercises at Netrani Island near Karwar.  In the interest of protection of marine aquatic life, it is necessary to take precautionary measures. Therefore the Defence Authorities should be suitably addressed to take measures to protect coastal marine biodiversity.

Action: Government of Karnataka / Central Government.

*To rehabilitate threatened estuarine fish species like Milkfish - Chanos chanos and Kanae meenu - Sillage sihama, it is proposed to raise them in captivity and breed them. The seed produced may be ranched in protected areas of estuaries. The Kodi fish farm near Coondapar, Udupi district may be utilised for this purpose after attending to repairs and expansion.

Period of study: 4-5 years, Budget Rs. 10.00 lakhs

*Some fish species which are endemic to Karnataka are listed under "threatened category"   such   as   Labeo fimbriatus, L. calbasu,  L.bata,  L.porcellus_Puntius pulchellus,  P.carnaticus,  P.dorsalis.  P.   narayani., P.puckelli,   Gonoproktopterus curmuca, G.dubius, G.kolus, G.micropogon  micropogon, G. thomassi, Mystus krishnensis, Neotropius khavalchor Channa marulius,C.striatus etc. It is proposed to collect these from the wild stocks, raise them in captivity and to breed them. For this purpose, it is proposed to identify some fish farms under the control of State's Department of Fisheries. Ponds in these farms require certain repairs to enable them to hold water. The farm staff are required to be trained in the technique of breeding. The farms tentatively identified are (a) Narayanpur (Bijapur) (b) Shantisagar (Davangere), (c) Markonahalli (Tumkur) and (d) Harangi (Coorg). The seed produced of these fish species may be stocked in protected areas for their establishment and perpetuation.

Period of Study : 4 - 5 years, Budget: Rs.40.00 lakhs.

*It is proposed to develop one reservoir in each valley by stocking endemic fish species to the stretch of the river against which the dam is erected. The reservoir fishery shall be protected by following conservation practices like "close season", mesh regulations etc., So it is proposed to develop 4 reservoirs in each of the drainage system - 1. Cauvery 2. Krishna 3. Godavari and 4. Wets flowing rivers under this programme

Period of Study : 3 years, Budget: Rs. 15 lakh;

*The perennial tanks in each valley shall be identified for conservation of Tank fisheries by stocking the indigenous fauna and protect the fisheries following conservation practices. 20 tanks are proposed to be developed. They will act as insitu conservation of stocks.

Period of Study : 3 years Budget: Rs. 60.00 lakhs.

*The Department of Fisheries in collaboration with the National Beareau of Fish Genetic  Resources to  establish a "gene  bank" in Karnataka to preserve the endangered fish species.

Period of study : 2 years, Budget: Rs.5.00 lakhs

*Proposed action: Uniform Marine fishing Regulation Act is proposed to be implemented in the entire coast in order to declare "Close - season" from 10 June - 15 August to protect brood stock of fishes to facilitate breeding and recruitment of their stock.

Responsibility : Department of Fisheries, State / Central Governments.

*Proposed action: The Department of Fisheries, Government of Karnataka is contemplating to impose mesh regulations for the fishing gears in operation in Karnataka coast to prevent catching of young and juvenile fishes.

Action : Department of Fisheries.

*Permission for addition of fishing crafts like purse - seines and trawlers shall be restricted to control units engaged in the exploitation of coastal fisheries.

Action : Department of Fisheries.

*Action plan : Regulation of marine fishing to sustainable limits

The domination of fishing sector by outside commercial sectors to be brought under check.

Finances for fishing related enterprises to be given to traditional fishing communities only.

Mesh regulations for all kinds of fishing nets to be strictly enforced.

The imposition of closed fishing period during the monsoon, when most of the fish, breed, to be uniformly followed by all the coastal states. This needs a Central Government agency to monitor. It has been suggested that a Central Ministry on Marine and Coastal Resources is desirable.

No collaborative ventures for bottom trawling in Indian territorial waters to be allowed on the grounds that such trawling is very destructive of the marine ecosystems.

The use of any kind of large-scale trawl nets needs to be re-examined to minimise the incidental catches and other damages to the ecosystems.

Licensing of more number of trawlers, and purse-seines and other mechanized boats to be stopped in the entire coastal Karnataka, for the next 10 years, until the fish stocks recover.

Action plan: Identify breeding grounds and other sensitive localities of fish and other marine species, and declare such areas as protected from exploitation.

•    CRZ regulations state areas of fish breeding and mangroves are to be treated as CRZ I. However no such areas are so far identified.

*Action plan : Safeguarding the livelihood security of the artisan fisheries

The near-shore waters, to a specified distance, to be reserved for fishing by artisan fishermen only, who use Rampani nets, caste nets, hooks, canoes and other non- mechanized crafts.

The artisan fishermen may be exempted from the fishing ban imposed during the monsoon seaspn.

The Coast Guard may be deployed to carry out such regulations.

Promotion of fisher-women's co-operatives is very essential

Panchayat-wise yards for preparing dry fish

*Action plan : Restrictions on prawn catching during breeding period

Paeneus indicus —white shrimp- breeds during December to May, P. monodon —tiger prawn- breeds during May to October, in bar mouths, estuaries and backwaters. A ban on catching of the above species during the breeding periods has been recommended.

*Action plan : Pollution control in the prawn farms

The Supreme Court norms for shrimp farmers are to be strictly implemented. The stocking levels in the shrimp farms are to be monitored and certified periodically. The shrimps are to be grown only by using biodegradable feeds, manure and disinfectants.

 *Action plan : Aghanashini river estuary to be considered as Ecologically Sensitive Area

Today, despite rising human disturbances in its estuaries, Aghanshini is by far the richest of the west coast rivers in terms of its biodiversity and productivity.

The river supports livelihoods of thousands of families of fishermen, shell-fish and shell gatherers, salt makers, farmers, water transporters, and so on.

The river is very rich in shell-fish the collection and sale of which employs thousands of women.

Primary productivity in the river is stated to be high

An estimated 135 species of birds are associated with the river estuary.

An independent estimate says it produces annually about Rs.40 crores worth of fish and shell fish alone (in addition to income from agriculture it supports, salt making. Aqaufarms etc.).

It is to be ensured, however, that the declaration of the river/estuary as HSA does not affect   the   traditional   livelihood   activities   of the   coastal   farmers   and   fishing communities.

*There are 12 areas in certain riverine stretches of the State where fish congregations were noticed. Of these, only 3 such congregation spots are declared as 'Sanctuaries'. The other places are required to be declared as 'Sanctuaries'. It is contemplated to survey all these fish congregating centers or sanctuaries and also to take action to rejuvenate them by educating people for the protection of valuable fish stocks. Organis NGOs to take care of these areas by providing financial assistance and also to rehabilitate the native fish species of the concerned rivers. Thus organise 'in situ' conservation of the riverine fishes.

Period of study : 2 years, Budget- Rs.25.00 lakhs

*Creation of fish-ladders for the breeding of fishes and conservation of aquatic organisms

*The culture of African catfish Clarias gariepinus around cities in Karnataka is proposed to be discouraged and the people engaged shall be educated on the adverse effects of its culture. Culturing the African catfish shall be controlled.

Action : Department of Fisheries.

*To prevent dynamiting and poisoning to catch fish, people in the vicinity of rivers, reservoirs are proposed to be educated by mass meeting, distributing literature etc., on the effect of using this destructive methods.

Period of Study : 2 years Budget of Study : Rs. 8.00 lakhs,

*Action plan: Anshi to be part of the proposed Sahyadri Ecologically Sensitive Area (SESA)

Anshi Ghat is in the process of getting converted into a National Park. This could uproot hundreds of forest dwelling families, who have been living there through generations. Instead it has been suggested that the Anshi be part of the proposed Sahyadri Ecologically Sensitive Area (SESA). The services of the people can be enlisted in conservation and sustainable use programmes.

 

Agro-biodiversity

*The Sahyadri Ecologically Sensitive Area (SESA) aims at protecting preserving and promoting the western ghats area between Anshi National Park in Uttara Kannada, all along the Sahyadri’s to the North to Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary in Kolhapur, including the protected areas of Goa.

*There are reports that Maravanthe beach and beach near Bhatkal (Heble) are the areas where turtles make their ways to lay eggs to raise their young ones. In order to protect the eggs and the young ones, it is contemplated to conduct a detailed study to cover period of migration of turtles to the beaches, areas of laying eggs and young ones moving to sea etc., and also suggest ways and means to protect their eggs and young ones from destruction.

Period of Study 2 years, Budget required Rs.5.00 lakhs.

*Educate fishermen on the pollution likely to be caused on account of throwing away of unwanted fishes both in deep sea and coastal waters and also about oil spills and the need to prevent such actions, fishermen are required to be educated suitably in their regard.

 

Action :   Ecology   and   Environment   Department,   Department   of   Fisheries, Government of Karnataka and Central Government.

*Action plan: Protection of ecology of sea beaches

•           Construction of seawalls to protect sea erosion should be done with the permission of CRZ authority, and only after Environmental Impact Assessment.

•           Sea beaches to be re-vegetated on a war footing:

To protect them from erosion

 

To enhance ecosystem value- shelter for coastal birds, enrichment of inter-tidal fauna, nutrient supply to the coastal waters.

 

*Preservation of the naturalness of pristine beaches

Coastal Uttara Kannada, despite developmental pressures, and rising human population has some of the pristine beaches of the west-coast. The pristineness of such beaches need to be safeguarded. The notable beaches are Mundalli (2 km south of Bhatkal), rocky beach of south Dhareshwar (Kumta taluk) and Managuni and Honebail (Ankola taluk).

The following measures are suggested for their conservation:

CRZ regulations to be followed strictly

No tourism project to come up in the vicinity of these beaches

Vegetation need to be preserved without disturbance

Night camping by tourists not to be permitted.

Nature clubs may be promoted in the respective beaches for vigilance

Activities such as educational tourism and trekking may be promoted

*Action plan: Mangrove planting and protection

Mangrove forests ('Kandla-vana') of the backwaters arc considered high ranking productive ecosystem of the world. Yet most mangroves have been destroyed. Mangrove marshes are rich in fisheries, and act as nurseries for the juveniles of fish, prawns, shell­fish and crabs. The mangroves shelter coastal water birds and enrich the waters with nutrients. Widespread planting of mangroves can protect the river banks from erosion, the rivers from flooding as well as compensate for the loss of nutrient input into the estuaries from the Western Ghat forests due to construction of dams.

Coastal panchayats to be allowed funds for mangrove planting. Incentives to be given to panchayats and other local bodies, village self-help groups and cooperatives of estuarine farmers for raising and maintaining mangrove forests.

The services of estuarine farmers like the Patgars to be taken for raising mangroves in the backwaters.

Involve traditional fishermen of backwater villages, whose livelihoods have been affected by commercial shrimp farming, in mangrove regeneration and protection.

Top priority to be given for raising mangroves by the Forest Department

Scheme to be prepared for rehabilitation of abandoned prawn farms with mangroves so that their ecology is restored and they are made suitable for natural method of fish farming and raising of Kagga rice.

The gajni areas used by the Ballarpur Industries, Binaga for salt production, and abandoned subsequently, may be reconverted into mangroves. This will enrich the coastal ecosystems substantially.

The owners of fallow estuarine lands to be extended assistance for mangrove planting. Scheme to be evolved for planting potential mangrove areas and degraded mangrove areas within CRZ to be planted with mangroves. The scheme to cover both private and state owned lands.

*Project: Conservation of the swamp forests and their surroundings.

A recent study of the Myristica swamps of Uttara Kannada reveals that these swamps are highly threatened. These swamps have rare and even hitherto unrecorded species- the endangered tree Semecarpus kattalekanensis for instance. The main problem for conservation of these rare forest stands are 1. Ignorance of the biological and ecological value of such forests; 2. The understaffed nature of the Forest Department. As many of the swamps and rare forest stands are in remote areas they are easily encroached upon by the people for conversion into arecanut gardens. These encroachments are detected only after the damages are already done. Local forest committees of villagers have to be formed for protection of such swamps. Local youth may be appointed as watchmen. Rights for harvesting of NTFP from the surrounding forests may be given to the local villagers as an incentive for protecting such rare ecosystems.

The most important swamp forests to be protected along with their surrounding forests are

Forests of Malemane village (Siddapur Range)

Myristica swamps of Hemgar, Kudgund and Hukli villages (Siddapur and Kyadigi ranges)

Myristica swamp of Halsolli hamlet in Mahime village (Gersoppa range)

Myristica swamps of Harigar and Unchalli villages of Amenalli range.

Responsibility: Forest Department in collaboration with JFM committees, Self Help Groups, or by appointing local youth for monitoring and safe-guarding these swamp forests and other rare forest stands rich in endemics.

 

*Action plan 2: Protection of relics of primary forests

Relics of primary forests are still present in Uttara Kannada, especially towards its south. These can be recognized by the presence of high levels of endemism among the flora and fauna. These forests give rise to more perennial streams than the secondary forests. Examples of such forests are Karikallani Gudda (Siddapur range),

Relics of primary forests and forests in advanced stages of succession to be identified at the ground level and by using satellite imageries.

Steps to be taken for maintaining proper connectivity between such forests

Greater attention to be paid for their protection and prevention from any kind of fragmentation.

 

*Action plan: Protection of riparian forests

These forests are extremely important in biodiversity, nutrient supply to the river, protection of rivers from siltalion and proper flow of streams into the river. The forests on the banks of all the rivers to be protected from any further development pressures.

*Action plan: Conservation of wild relatives of cultivated plants

Such plants are part of the 'gene bank' of crop plants. Uttara Kannada forests are rich in the wild relatives several cultivated plants such as mango, jackfruit, Garcinia, Nellikai (goose-berry), nutmeg, pulses, ginger, cinnamon, turmeric, pepper, bitter-gourd (hagalakai), snake-gourd (patalekai), brinjals, grapes etc. Forests having good population of such wild relatives to be given special place in conservation.

 

*Turtle breeding along the Gangolli beaches need to be protected

 

*To prevent sea erosion during monsoon season, construction of sea-wall along the coast using boulders and granite blocks has lead to environmental degradation. Construction of sea wall affects breeding of fishes. Formation of natural sandy coast (French Technology) could be though of for the protection. This would also provide breeding ground for coastal fishes.

 

*Bhimgad area has unique sites with bat habitations, like the Talewadi caves, Krishnapur caves and the Bhimgad caves. These need to be given the status of a sanctuary for conservation of the bats (Wroughton's Free Tailed Bat(Otomops wroughtoni) ) and their habitat.

*Action plan: Strategy for fire management in forests

Effective fire management cannot take place without people's co-operation. Forests in dry belt cannot be protected from fires for years together, as the fire clanger increases from accumulation of dry biomass. The fire itself has a place in forest management. Therefore the fire management strategy may be flexible

 

*Action plan: Adoption of watershed based approach in forest management

The Indian peninsula is passing through one of the most critical periods as far as water availability is concerned. Forest fragmentation, diversion of the streams, creation of more monoculture plantations, instead of species rich forests, mining etc. have resulted in decline of the water-holding capacity of the forests.

In a watershed based approach, every forest patch may be graded based on its spectral characters in the satellite imageries. The multi-canopied natural evergreen forests have highest water conservation value. Such forests may be earmarked for future protection. All the swamp forests of the Western Ghats have highest water-conservation values and therefore should be accorded top priority. Such swamps like the Myristica swamps of Uttara Kannada may be protected with the help of the local village communities.

Multi-strata evergreen forests have to be restored in all potential areas if we desire that the streams and rivers should flow perennially. Also such forests are rich in species, especially endemic species of the Western Ghats.

*Action plan 4: Dispensing with the contract system for NTFP collection

This would involve formation of local level biodiversity management committees as enunciated in the Biodiversity Bill. If JFM committees are already functioning well in such villages, the NTFP gathering may be entrusted to these.

Project: Training of rural people, especially women in value addition to NTFP or utilisation of NTFP for producing goods through cottage/small-scale industries.

Responsibility: Department of Small-Scale Industries, Forest Department.

Training rural women in scientific extraction, processing/manufacturing and marketing of forest-based goods can considerable employment

Production of cane furniture, bamboo articles

Honey preservation, bottling and marketing

Primary processing of medicinal plants, extraction of crude drugs, preparation of finished drugs if simple procedures are involved.

Production of biopesticides

Production of natural dyes from plants, which have ever-expanding global market.

Production of pickles, juices, jams and preserves from the fruits of wild plants

Extraction, cleaning, packing and marketing of gums, resins, spices etc from the wild

These activities will generate more employment in the rural areas.

*Project: Development of direct linkages of NTFP collector with the end-market

The middlemen siphons off bulk of the profits by monopolising the marketing links for NTFP thereby depriving the forest dwellers of fare share, which, otherwise would have been theirs' if direct linkages are developed between the collectors or heir co-operatives and the market.

*Action plan: Enrichment of forests in biodiversity to support more number of livelihoods and not through expansion of agriculture.

This will involve:

Planting up poor grade forest plantations with NTFP species. Such plants while improving the quality of forests will also generate employment through forest based handicrafts, cottage industries etc.

Creation of a system of small scale nurseries to be run by marginal farmers and tribals

Plants to be raised in such nurseries should be for (a) NTFP, (b) ecosystem services (water and soil conservation, carbon stocking, protection of local microclimate, rendering fire resistance); (c) food plants for wildlife and (d) endemic species of Western Ghats

The creation and maintenance of wild-life corridors (migratory paths of wild animals)

Local people to benefit from religious, cultural, academic and adventure tourism

 

Fire management strategy to be implemented village-wise only in consultation with the JFM, village panchayat etc.

Fire management has to be in mosaic of patches so as to avoid the risk of forests bursting into flames at one time.

Semi-evergreen ground vegetation to be promoted wherever possible

Greater watershed protection in fire prone forests

Selective removal of dry biomass by villagers to be permitted from locally designated areas where fire risk exists.

*Action plan: Promotion of eco-tourism in beaches

The development of cco-tourism and protection of ecology have to go hand in hand. Ecotourism development to benefit local villagers and to improve the ecology of beaches. The beaches having the potential for eco-tourism development are: Shirali and Bailur (Bhatkal taluk), the beaches of Dhareshwar north, Kumta, Gudeangidi and Gangavali (Kumta taluk). The activities necessary for promotion of ecotourism are:

Beautification of beaches by raising natural vegetation of native trees, bushes, creepers and herbs.

Promotion of sand-dune formation

Periodic cleaning up of plastic and trash

Providing water and toilet facilities in the houses of poorer people

Assistance to the local bodies for appointment of beach maintenance staff (to be chosen from among the local villagers).

Tourism Department may provide assistance for eco-tourism development which should avoid any construction activities on beaches.

*Project: Creation of butterfly parks within every vegetational zone

This could be an important activity to be sponsored within every vegetational zone of the district. Such activity will be of high educative value, will enhance tourism potential, will generate knowledge on kind of plants to be grown for promoting various kinds of butterflies. The butterfly parks to generate adequate revenue for their maintenance as well as generate rural employment.

*Action plan: Protection of forests from increased tourism

The increased tourism within forest areas have adverse effect on fragile ecosystems, eg Yana and Uluvi forests.

Carrying plastic bags, littering forests with plastics, paper or other refuse to be banned.   Successful protection  of mountain ecosystems from trash, found in Eravikulum National Park to be emulated.

Forest trails to be periodically cleaned off trash by volunteers. Such a policy has been developed in Matheran (Maharashtra) by the Municipal Corporation

Nature clubs to be formed in tourism villages

Tourist education bureaus to be set up in tourist areas.

 

*Action plan: Welfare measures for fishing community women

Farming of ornamental fishes and aquarium making and servicing.

Promotion of cottage industries using sea-weeds (in production of agar, algin, pickles, jellies, base for medicines etc)

 

*Action plan 3: Forestry to be more people and biodiversity centred, than timber-centred.

Species rich forests of the Western Ghats have great potential to support livelihoods of lakhs of people. Day by day newer materials from forests are finding demand, especially in this age of great advances in medicine and biotechnology. Plants are becoming popular as sources of more and more medicines, natural dyes, biopesticides, cosmetic products, essential oils, biochemicals etc. These are in addition to conventional NTFP such as fruits and seeds, shikekai, dalchini, canes, uppage, honey etc. Biodiversity conservation cannot succeed by alienating thousands of humans who live dispersed throughout the forest belt of Uttara Kannada. Uttara Kannada forests being rich in diversity, these can be developed into great sources of NTFP.

There is general discontent among the rural people and forest dwellers about the contract system for gathering NTFP. The contractors have no permanent interest in the forest and their method of extraction is destructive. Therefore NTFP management has to be passed into the hands of c6mmittees of villagers, where JFM is not existing. Forest Department and NGOs should be entrusted with the formation of such committees or Sclf-Help groups.

The Revised Forest Strategy of the World Bank Group, while highlighting the importance of forests in protecting vital local and global environmental services and values provided by forests, emphasizes harnessing the potential of forests to reduce poverty; and integrating forests in sustainable development.

Forest policies need to be reoriented towards creation and strengthening of rural livelihoods, through NTFP enrichment.

NTFP management committees to be formed at village/hamlet levels where JFM is not existing.

Contract system for NTFP gathering is more destructive than earning revenue to the State.

Forest Range-wise planning to  be made and  reviewed towards  achieving  the objectives of NTFP enrichment, enhancement of watershed value and safeguarding the ecology.

Villagers to be trained in NTFP management and value addition

Developing direct linkages of the NTFP collector at the grassroots with the end- market necessary so that the profits are not siphoned off by the middlemen.

As honey from wild plants is in good demand as a nourishing food, and for preparation  of medicines, the degraded forests should be planted with nectar producing plants.

The forest plantations to be critically re-evaluated from their productivity point and ecological values. All poor-grade plantations to be planted up with NTFP plant species of the Western Ghats.

People's Biodiversity Registers to record the local people's knowledge about forest biodiversity and traditional uses of forests

 

The Government to create trade centres for marketing of local arts and crafts, ethnic foods, forest based herbal medicines etc.

Local youth to be trained as certified guides and resource persons for eco/ academic and cultural tourism

Manpower need to be created for waste management in tourist areas within forests

Creation of specially maintained "honey forests" in the vicinity of every village, where plant species known to promote honey production to be raised.

Bamboo craftsmen of Uttara Kannada to be encouraged and be provided with bamboo at nominal rates.

Movement of bamboo out of the district may be restricted but all kinds of bamboo items produced by cottage industries may allowed to be transported to markets outside

Creation of taluk-wise butterfly parks will promote both biodiversity and education

 

*Project: Promotion of local medicinal plants in home gardens

Women may be trained in raising local medicinal plants in small scale in their home gardens. They may also be trained in storage methods for such medicinal plants/their products, and in marketing. These gardens could also strengthen traditional health care systems.

Responsibility: NGOs, Departments of Agriculture/Horticulture/Small Scale Industries.

Project: Documenting, conservation, and sustainable use of semi-wild plants of rural landscapes

The village communities have great dependence on local biodiversity of semi-wild and wild plants for food, medicines, dyes, cosmetics and various other needs. Such plants often are under threat due to increasing human impacts. The PBR should account for such' utility plants of the village landscapes and plan for their conservation through habitat protection and cultivation as well as record their uses by local people.

*Action plan: Make farmers, including marginal farmers partners in conservation of traditional varieties in their natural areas (in situ conservation)

("In situ conservation" of cultivated species means conservation in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties- Ref: Biodiversity Bill, 2002).

The Government of India, as well as the State agricultural universities are spending huge amounts on conservation of genetic diversity of crop plants, fruit trees etc, at enormous cost to the public finances, in central places, away from natural areas of these crops (ex situ conservation). At the same time the farmers who have evolved scores of traditional varieties through ages of efforts are not made partners in conservation.

The services of farmers, including marginal farmers are to be used with proper recognition/ incentives to them as an encouragement for continued conservation of rare or threatened local varieties of all domesticated crops. Such a plan of conservation, under proper monitoring, will greatly ensure the continuity of all rare and threatened varieties while recording, acknowledging and providing incentives for the role of the farmers.

For example "Kagga" rice which has salt tolerance, and grown in the coastal gajni lands is endangered due to conversion of rice fields into prawn culturing areas. The scented "Sannakki" of Medine village is grown in very small area by Karivokkaliga farmers, without encouragement from source whatsoever.

Note: The Biodiversity Bill 2002 says every local body shall constitute a "Biodiversity Management Committee" for conservation, sustainable use and documentation of

biological diversity including preservation of            land races, folk varieties and cultivars,

domesticated stocks and breeds of animals and microorganisms and chronicling of

knowledge relating to biodiversity."

*

("Cultivar": A variety of plant that has originated and persisted under cultivation or was specifically bred for the purpose of cultivation.

"Folk variety" means a cultivated variety of plant that was developed, grown and exchanged informally among farmers.

"Landrace" means primitive cultivar that was grown by ancient farmers and their successors).

The Biodiversity Bill requires that while taking any decision relating to the use of local biological resources and the knowledge relating to them the respective Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC) are to be consulted. The BMC may even charge for any agency for using biological resources within its jurisdiction.

The State Government is required to constitute a Local Biodiversity Fund. "The fund shall be used for conservation and promotion of biodiversity in the areas falling within the jurisdiction of the concerned local body and for the benefit of the community..."

*Project: Restoration of Kagga rice cultivation in gajni fields: Government to assist the farmers whose gajni rice fields in the backwater areas have been severely damaged because of conversion into shrimp ponds.

*Action Plan: Promotion of organic farming:

The Uttara Kannada farmers have a great heritage of organic farming, perhaps more than any other district in Karnataka State. Because of hilly landscape and heavy seasonal rains organic matter is highly essential for protection of agricultural soils. Most arecanut gardeners have been granted bettalands for extraction of leaf manure. These bettalands are forests in support of agriculture. The other farmers usually resort to "Minor Forests" or even Reserve Forests for their leaf manure needs.

Most Minor Forests have been in poor condition. This has prompted the Forest Department to plant fast growing tree species such as Acacia in such degraded forests. The actions required to promote organic farming are:

Promotion of tree growth in bettalands, most of which are in poor condition. The Forest Department to evolve joint schemes with farmers to make the bettalands more tree-covered.

Enrichment of Minor Forests with more local species for promotion of organic agriculture.

Promotion of bio-pesticide plants and use of bio-pesticides. Education of farmers regarding use of biopesticides. Agriculture and Horticulture departments to promote only organic farming.

Promotion of vermiculture

Civic bodies such as municipalities and panchayats to work in close coordination with agriculture departments so that organic waste available in market places are regularly composted and made available to farmers as manure.

Pharmaceuticals to sponsor growing of medicinal plants by farmers by using organic methods.

The creation of village fodder farms will promote stall feeding of cattle and make available more quantity of cattle manure.

Organic consumer movement to be promoted by NGOs so that the farmers get better returns for their farm produce.

*Action Plan: greater facilitation of women in conservation of traditional crop biodiversity

Small scale conservation of indigenous crops, including tree crops such as mango, jackfruit, kokum, gooseberry, drumstick etc. to be promoted for household food security.

Even non-agricultural families to be involved in such efforts. Women to play greater role in promotion of home gardens. Prizes to be instituted at village and taluk levels for promotion of home gardens.

*Project: Promotion of efforts like "Malcnadu Home Garden and Seed Exchange Network" of Uttara Kannada Women (based at Sirsi), for conservation of traditional crop biodiversity.

Begun in 2001, this is a modest effort at documenting and increasing the diversity of home gardens in Uttara Kannada. The home garden could be a tiny patch of land outside one's house, or a small field or a mixed garden.

Home gardens provide food security, nutrition and provide an additional source of income, especially for women. Even the very poor are part of this production system. Home gardens are important genetic resources of cultivated plants, and other folk knowledge related to the plants.

Growing of vegetables, flowers and even trees are part of these home gardens. Currently, about 100 women from 5 villages of Yellapur are part of this network. They meet regularly to discuss about the gardens, exchange seeds. The crops grown are non-hybrids and only by organic methods.

The home garden network is part of a project of Kalpavriksh, Pune. A network of seed banks to be run by women to be encouraged/sponsored.

Such projects need sponsorship from institutes such as NBPGR, which anyway spend huge amounts of money for "ex situ" conservation of seeds/genetic resources.

 

*Fodder; -

No Animal Husbandry activity can be successful and complete without simultaneous development of fodder resources. Fodder can be developed in the farms, community lands, community property resources (CPR), in Water Sheds and Forest lands etc.,. Fodder varieties of different kinds need to be grown as a matter of Bio-Diversity. More emphasis for permanent fodder development measures to be given in Water- Shed approach.

For the conservation and preservation of Bio-Diversity in Animal Husbandry sector, as noted above, an amount of Rs. 25 Crores may kindly be earmarked for taking up the above-mentioned activities in a successful manner.Project II.B.10 Breeding of indigenous livestock, poultry  and pet breeds to maintain the animal genetic resources and to make them available to people    

 

*Implementation of the JFPM-Devarakadu in Kodagu district

 

*Animal Husbandry sector

Karnataka state has diverse breeds of Livestock and poultry, which need to be conserved and preserved as an element of Bio-Diversity.

Cattle: -

In respect of cattle, there are four important breeds, which are Amrithmahal, Hallikar, Khillar and Deoni. These breeds are not only hardy but are also very popular amongst the farmer community as well.

Four livestock farms, three under department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services and one under University of Agriculture Science, Dharwad have been identified and functional for preservation and conservation of these breeds. All that is presently required to be done is to strengthen the on going activities. It may be pertinent to add that the conservation and preservation of these breeds has been taken up under Cattle and Buffaloe breeding project under financial assistance from Govt. of India, and will be implemented from the year 2003-04.onwards.

Another breed of importance in Karnataka is the so-called " Malnad Gidda" which is known for its compactness and utility in the hilly terrain, particularly in the coastal belt and malnad regions of Karnataka. It may also be pertinent to add that, this breed needs very little inputs for maintenance, besides being highly resistant to many diseases. Unfortunately, there is no farm or sector earmarked for preservation and conservation. Therefore, a farm needs to be identified for the conservation and preservation of Malnad Giddas and all the expenditure may be met out of National Project on Cattle and Buffaloe development [Rs.90 crore project].

 

*Buffaloes: -

A, local breed of buffaloe viz. Dharwad breed is quite popular in northern Karnataka, which also needs to be similarly treated as above.This aspect is also covered under the Cattle and Buffaloe breeding project mentioned above.

 

*Sheep: -

There are four distinct breeds of sheep viz. Deccani [which constitutes 75% of total sheep population], Hassan, Bellary and Bandur variety [constitute the balance 25%], the last named viz. Bandur is an internationally known breed for quality and tasty mutton. Presently, it is being conserved and preserved at sheep breeding farm, Dhangur [Malavalli Tq. Mandya Dist], under the control of the Karnataka Sheep and Sheep Products Development Board, Bangalore. As enough funds are not made available in the Sheep Board, no other activity other than routine maintenance of these animals has been possible. Therefore, it is suggested that the Board may draw out a programme for preservation and conservation of this breed with specific financial outlay as a medium and long-term process.

The other three breeds viz. Deccani, Hassan and Bellary breeds need also to be conserved similarly without allowing them to be extinct in the process of cross breeding which is presently gaining importance. Therefore, some sheep farms in the state should be identified for this purpose. Again, the Karnataka Sheep and Sheep Products Development Board may be advised to draw out a detailed project with financial implications for consideration by the Govt.

 

*Unfortunately, there is no breed of goat that can be identified with Karaataka. However, the breed[s] of goats available in the State are disease resistant and moderate producers of meat. In fact, in cities, mutton from goats is preferred to mutton from sheep for its low fat content. Although there is no farm to develop goats, the present Composite Livestock Farm at Kurikuppe may be identified to develop and preserve the native breeds under the direct supervision of Dept. of AH&VS. The details of project cost etc; can be worked out when called upon to do so.

*Piggery: -

As in the case of goats, there is no recognized breed[s] of pigs in Karnataka. However, the local breeds of pigs, which are being slowly reduced through, cross breeding also need to be conserved as a measure of Bio-Diversity. Therefore, the Dept. of AH&VS through its three Piggery development farms located at Hessarghatta, Koila and Kudige shall aim at preserving these local breeds as a measure of Bio-Diversity.

*Poultry: -

The Aseel breed and the local variety are mainly concentrated in the villages of Karnataka and are a source of meat and few eggs and are resistant to many diseases and have fighting quality besides being more popular at the cuisine. Although they are not high yielders, they are maintained on zero input as Scavengers.On the other hand, the improved varieties need to be housed and fed. Therefore, above birds need to be conserved and preserved. Poultry farms in the department, shall also aim at preserving these local varieties.

*An Internationally recognized breed of dog viz. Mudhol has its origin in Bagalkote dist, and this breed is a hound meant for hunting and watch & ward purposes. A detailed programme has been drawn up by Zilla Punchayat Bagalkote Dist at a cost of Rs. 1.15 crores, which if sanctioned, by the State Govt. will go a long way in conservation and development of this breed, in addition to catering to the needs of export.

 

*The factories effluents and the untreated domestic sewage (specially organic waste) are discharged into the estuaries and coastal waters. This is causing deleterious effect on the biota and other aquatic life. Therefore the concerned Water Supply and Sewage Board and Pollution Control Board, Government of Karnataka may take appropriate measures to prevent pollution in estuarine and coastal areas.

Action: State Rural water Supply and Sewage Board and Pollution Control Board.

*Action plan 15: Regular monitoring, reporting and controlling of pollution levels

Dumping of city wastes in the coastal estuaries are great threats to their ecology and human health

Pollution from various chemicals, oil spills, heavy metals, radio-active materials, domestic and municipal waste, bacterial contamination etc. to be routinely monitored and the results to be brought out for public benefit in monthly bulletins.

The local bodies to strictly enforce pollution control measures for the sea and coastal waters. They should have stream-lined waste disposal measures.

 

*The discharge of factory effluents, domestic untreated sewage into rivers, reservoirs and tanks should be strictly controlled to protect the aquatic fauna.

Action : Pollution Control Board and Rural Water Supply and Sewage Board.

 

*Coffee planters discharging the pollutants into the stream. The action must be taken against polluters

*The status of freshwater fish fauna was assessed during 1963 - 65. There have been various factors which have affected the fauna. Therefore to ascertain the present status of freshwater fish fauna, there is urgent need to undertake a detailed survey. While undertaking the survey,

Threatened fish species may be identified.

Fish congregation areas should be demarkated.

Natural breeding grounds in river stretches have to be identified.

Distribution of ornamental fishes in rivers and areas of their abundance should

be demarkated.

*Action plan: Creation of a database on diversity of all the crop plants.

Responsibility: Departments of Agriculture and Horticulture, to work in coordination with NGOs and academic institutions, and knowledgeable individuals from villages.

iMethodology: The departments should maintain, as a matter of routine, village-wise database on cultivated biodiversity. The database has to be periodically updated. Geographic Information System (GIS) to be used for the database with the assistance of the District NRDMS Centre, if required. It is very important to prepare Panchayat-wise "People's Biodiversity Registers" (PBR), in which all such information has to be recorded.

*Project: Evaluating watershed value of forests using satellite imageries to be supported by ground surveys.

Responsibility: Forest Department in collaboration with scientists/local academic institutions/Centre for Ecological Studies, IISc.

*Project: Fanner's Newsletter on traditional agriculture

Farmer's Newsletter to cover various traditional crop varieties, including tree crops and wild relatives of cultivated plants

Write up on rare local varieties and the farmers/individuals who safeguard them to be given prominence

*Action plan: Measures for wildlife protection

Habitat and microhabitat types of all forms of wildlife to be identified and protected.

Eco-clubs/village wildlife protection committees to be formed in forest villages to monitor ecosystems, to create awareness

Local Biodiversity Management Committees and Local Biodiversity Funds (under the provisions of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, to promote eco-clubs, wildlife protection committees

Ponds in forest areas to be de-silted and fish farming promoted under the various schemes so that more protein food is available to the people

Markets for sea-fish selling suggested as an ameliorative measure

Raising and protection of food plants for wildlife in forest blanks as well as in areas dominated by monocultures to be given due importance.

Maintenance and creation of wildlife corridors, including micro-corridors to be considered.

Encroachers who belong to otherwise landless categories and who have blocked important wildlife corridors may be rehabilitated elsewhere.

*Action plan : Involvement of Indian Navy and Coast Guard in environmental protection

The Navy to raise natural vegetation in the Project Seabird area and in the islands such as Anjidiv.

Caution to be exercised to protect sensitive island ecosystems such as at Netrani island in Bhatkal reported to be affected by naval exercises, firing etc.

*Action plan: The question of shell mining and sand mining in the coastal rivers and estuaries to be re-examined and subjected to fresh EIA studies.

Both the activities are presently not covered by CRZ regulations

 

*Belgaum District: Mining lease renewal in Talewadi, Jamgaon, Degaon, Krishnapur.

Mahadai Power Project, Mahadai/Bhandura/Kalsa river diversion projects

Siltation of dams as at Kolachi Weir below Ramdurg on the Malaprab

 

UDUPI DISTRICT

 

 

DEPARTMENT OF PORT AND FISHERIES, UDUPI

 

Rs. 450 lakhs are required for the Conservation of sea coast using modern technology

 

KUNDAPUR FOREST DIVISION, KUDDAPUR, UDUPI

 

Conservation of ficus  tree resources through avenue plantation Amount Rs. 10 Lakhs

Creation of satellite imagery data lease on boundaries of protected areas Amount Rs. 20 lakhs

Creation of policy and regulatory framework for the protection of fresh water biodiversity  Rs. 12 lakhs.

Promotion of sustainable utilization of timber resources Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.

Establishment of District and Panchayat level Biodiversity Management Institution Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.

Promoting sustainable utilization of natural population of medicinal plants Amount Rs. 10 lakhs.

Creation of a policy and regulatory framework for the protection of biodiversity on private, community and other non forest lands and water Amount Rs. 3 lakhs.

 Creation of a policy and regulatory frame work for joint management in biodiversity rich forest areas and protected areas Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.

Creation of a policy and regulatory framework for management in biodiveristy rich forest areas Rs 10 lakhs.

Creation of Geographic information system database on boundaries of forest and revenue land holdings Amount 15 lakhs.

Development of capacity building on biodiversity planning: II Government decision maker at district and village Panchayat level Amount 5 lakhs.

Development of capacity building on biodiversity Inventorying and Monitoring III. Folk Ecologist Amount 5 lakhs.

Establishment of Honge (Pongamia Pinnata and Neem (Azadiracta india) Genetic Resource centre Amount Rs. 10 lakhs.

Conservation of Sahyadri Ecological Sensitive Area Amount Rs. 10 lakhs.

Establishment of Heronaries Conservation sites Amount Rs.  5 lakhs.

Compilation of Seientific inventory Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.

Compilation of community based inventory Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.

Identification, Inventorying, and Monitoring of Exotic Invasive Species Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.

Establishment of Herbaria, Museum and Electronic Database Amount Rs. 15 lakhs.

Documentation of traditional method of Conservation- sustainable use practice Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.

Studies on livelihood implication of biodiversity loss Amount Rs 3 lakhs

Local capacity for development and management of Biodiversity based enterprises such as Ecotourism Amount Rs. 3 lakhs.

Establishment of Conservation sites protecting special habitates Amount Rs. 8 lakhs

Establishment of Gunduthopu tree genetic diversity Conservation sites Amount Rs. 1 lakhs.

Development of medicinal plants conservation areas Amount Rs. 2 lakhs.

Development of medicinal plants genetic resources development centre Amount Rs. 10 lakhs.

Conservation of Sacred Ponds, groves, trees, streams and rivers Amount Rs. 3 lakhs.

Biodiversity friendly management of Community controlled sustainable use areas such as village forest and grassland Amount Rs. 12 lakhs.

Control of exotic invasive species Amount Rs. 1.00 lakhs.

Biodiversity friendly management of private controlled woodlands such as Soppinabetta, Kumki and hadi lands Amount Rs. 12.00 lakhs.

Establishment of medicinal plants genetic resource centres in degraded forest areas and avenue plantations Amount Rs. 20.00 lakhs.

Local capability building for development and Management of Biodiversity leased enterprises such as collection, cultivation and value addition to medicinal plants. Amount Rs. 5 lakhs

Development of capacity on biodiversity Inventorying and Monitoring in Government agency Personnel Amount Rs. 8 lakhs.

 

TOTAL AMOUNT REQUIRED RS. 333 Lakhs.

 

3. COASTAL REGULATORY ZONE (CRZ)

 

Creation of satellite imagery data lease on coastal zone and documentation of HTL, LTL and NDZ areas in village maps etc. Amount Rs. 10 lakhs.

Raising and maintaining of Mangrove forests coming in CRZ areas on river belts over 100 ha @ Rs. 10,000/- per ha. Amount Rs 10 lakhs.

Raising Casuarina plantation in CRZ areas all along the coast in the district over 100 ha @ Rs. 10,000/- per ha Amount Rs. 10 lakhs

Creation of Geographic Information system database for effective identification and marking of Geostationery Positions in maps and fields accurately Amount Rs. 20 lakhs

Maintenance of details regarding salinity in river upstreams for CRZ identifications Rs. 4 lakhs.

Promotion of public Awareness Programme through notices, booklets, workshops, meetings and electronic media etc. Amount Rs. 2 lakhs.

Compilation of scientific inventory Amount Rs. 2 lakhs

Establishment of Turtle breeding beaches conservation sites Amount Rs 2 lakhs.

 

TOTAL AMOUNT REQUIRED: RS 60 Lakhas

 

MINOR IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT

Sea Erosion Regulation Sub-Division, Udupi

The department is managing 14 salt-water Preventing dams, 29 vented dams and 4 tanks in udupi, Kundapur and Karkala taluks.

Creation of fish- ladders for the breeding of  fishes and conservation of aquatic organism in downstream of vented dams and tanks are very essential Rs 50,000/- is required for the construction of conerete fish-ladders per vented dams/ tank.

 

5.  INFORMATION DEPARTMENT

Creation of publicity Assistant Post Amount required Rs. 87,000/- per year

Creation of a post of Assostant Director at the scale of Rs 5575- 10,620.

Creation of  a post of Information Assistant at the scale of Rs 4575- 8400

Creation of Information Assistant for each taluk Panchayat at the scale of

Rs. 4575- 8400.

 

 

6. WOMEN AND CHILDREN WELFARE DEPARTMENT.

 

Amount required for Training Programme in Udupi District.

 

1. Environment Conservation and Biodiversity Coservation          Rs. 2,64,000

 

DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM

1. There is a need for the creation of a post of the Deputy Director @ scale

of Rs. 6000-11,200

Tourist officer @ scale of Rs. 4575-8400

Tourism Promotor @ scale of Rs. 3000-5450

‘D’ Category Post @ scale of Rs. 2500-3850

TOTAL Expenditure/ Year Rs. 3,08,905- 00

 

Opening an Information Centre at Udupi Railway Station

Tourist Promotor @ scale of Rs. 3000-5450

‘D’ Category Post @ scale of Rs 2500- 3850

TOTAL Expenditure/ Year Rs. 1,05,966-00

 

Posts for the office of the Deputy Director 2 Clerk-cum- Typist Posts

TOTAL Expenditure/ Year Rs. 1,15, 140-00

 

For Conducting Workshop @ one workshop/ Month.

TOTAL Expenditure Rs. 1,20,000/-

 

8. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION

Training Programme for Teachers

Organizing Programmes for the N.S.S, Sout-Guides, N.C.C. and for

Resource Persons and Social Workers                                             Rs. 2,00,000-00.

School towards Community and Return to School Programme:

Organizing training Programme for 1000 teachers of 142 Grama

Panchayats                                                                                             Rs. 5,00,000-00

 

Organizing Awareness Progamme and Information Dissemination

Programme on Health and Cleanliness, Air and Water Pollution, Horticulture,

Environment friendly livelihood, Energy, Rain water Harvesting, Use and

Management of plastic, priological Agriculture etc                             Rs. 12,00,000-00

 

 

9. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

Effect on Health due to loss of Biodiversity: Training the officers and

staff of Health Department on the effect of Health due to loss of Biodiversity.

The cost of the educational materials for the training Programme.

Approximate Expenditure                                                              Rs. 5,00,000-00

 

Cleaning the environment of Health Organization: Deweeding the

environment of Health organization and cultivating the Medicinal

Plants and conserving them.         

Approximate Expenditure                                                              Rs. 3,00,000-00

 

Management of Biomedical wastes: Training the officers and staff for

proper disposal of Biomedical waste                                                Rs. 3,00,000-00

 

Approximate cost of the material required for the disposal of

biomedical waste                                                                         Rs. 3,00,000-00

 

Regulation of Harful organisms on Health: For undertaking biological

control of vectors such as mosquitoes, Houseflies, Leeches  etc and

training the staff on such programme.

Approximate Expenditue                                                               Rs.10,00,000-00

 

Analysis of Purity of Drinking water and regulation of diseases:

Organizing Programmes at the rural areas and at the district level for

analyzing the quality of water                                                         Rs. 4,00,000-00

 

10. UDUPI CITY MUNICIPALITY

 

Mannapalla of Manipal. As a part of the development of Urban forestry, development of forest plantation and growing useful trees:

Amount required--------------------------                                               Rs. 2 lakhs

 

Development of Garden in 1 acre 7 cents land donated by the Sode Vadiraja Mata to the Municipality at subramanya Nagara.

Amount Required:                                                                                   Rs. 2 lakhs

 

Development of Arboratum in Doddana Gudde Privately owned land, now improved by the Housing Board

Amount Required:                                                                                   Rs. 50,000-00

 

Development of Arboratum in Ajjarakadu and Priofriendly electrification

Amount Required:                                                                                   Rs. 10,000,00-00

 

Development of a Garden in 35 cents land in Padmanabhanagara in 76 Badagubettu village

Amount Required:                                                                                   Rs. 50,000-00

 

 

Chikamagalur District:

 

1.          Upgrading Botanic Gardens, Zoos & Safari Parks

No zoos and safari parks in Chikmagalur district

A Medicianl plant garden comprising 50 Charaka Ganas is present at Kelgur

Mattavara Information Centre serves to disseminate knowledge about forests to school children and public.

Mattavara was a degraded forest about 10 year's back.   With the protection provided, the area is returning to normal with the return of animals and birds.

 

2.          Conservation of Ficus tree resources through avenue plantations

•           Ficus trees are keystone species providing food for many birds, Insects etc. Examples are Atti, Goli, Basari, Arali, Kari Basari etc.

 

3.          Creation of a Policy and regulatory Framework for the protecton of freshwater biodiversity

Coffee planters after pulping are discharging the pollutants into the streams To prevent this law in force should be strictly enforced.

Siltation of streams and rivers has resulted in the disappearance of deep pools meant for spawning of Mahsheer fish. It should be addressed on priority.

Sacred ponds for breeding Mahsheer fish at Sringeri should be preserved and protected.

 

4.          Promoting sustainable utilization of Timber resources

There is a tendency among the coffee planters to go for planting species like Silver Oak, Balanji and Halavana etc., at the cost of the native species resulting in monoculture.

Modest felling of dead trees creates canopy opening resulting in  fast regeneration of young trees.

 

5.          Promoting sustainable utilization of NTFPs

The private stakeholders such as Pharmaceutical companies etc. should be asked to grow raw-materials required for their own use, instead of depending on forest areas for the same.

NTFP collectors sometimes set forest fire resulting in the loss of valuable fauna and flora.

Sustainable harvesting practices to be practiced and monitored

 

6.          Establishment of State, District, Panchayat level Biodiversity Management committees

•           It is better to strengthen the existing institutions like VCFs rather than creating new bodies.

 

7.          Promoting sustainable utilization of natural population of medicinal plants

Medicinal plant conservation areas have been established by KFD at 13 RFs in collaboration with FRLHT. These MPCAs have attached nurseries where thousands of saplings of over hundred medicinal plants including 30 Red listed species are raised.

It is very difficult to promote sustainable utilization of natural population of medicinal plants due to overriding commercial concerns of agencies involved. These agencies should be asked to grow their own raw materials rather than harvesting the existing natural crops.   Sustainable use is not possible when commercial considerations take over.

 

 

 

8.         Formulation of Guidelines on compensatory activities to offset biodiversity loss.

•           Biodiversity has eroded because of excessive harvesting of various species. If foolproof protection is given, the biodiversity is restored as has happened in Mattavara, Brahmasandra and Bukkasandra etc.

 

9.          Development of Capacity on Biodiversity Planning. I:Private stakeholders

•           There is a need to involve private sector stakeholders such as Pharmaceuticals, bioinformatics, biocosmetics, seed or ecotourism companies. KFD may assist these private stakeholders.

 

10.         Compilation of a scientific inventroy

•           It would be better to involve the departments like forest, fisheries, agriculture, Botanical and Zoological Surveys, Agricultural universities and Research Wings.

 

11.         Studies on livelihood implications of Biodiversity loss

•           Folk healers (Naati vaidya) using medicinal plants from forests, traditional fishermen and marginal farmers growing agrobiodiversity, bamboo artisans, bobbin wood makers etc. are the worst affected community by the loss of biodiversity.

 

12.         Local capacity building for development and Management of Biodiversity based enterprises such as Ecotourism

•           Mullayyanagiri, Kallathigiri, Charmadi Ghats, Hebbe falls, various Sholas, Kudremkh National Park, Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary etc. have great potential for ecotourism.

 

13.         Development of Medicinal Plant Conservation Areas

Kelgur medicinal plantation is to be developed into MPCAs.

Balur Social forestry block as a whole can be developed as Medicinal Plant conservation Area.

Naati vaidyas need to be recognized and encouraged locally.

 

14.         Establishment of bat colonies conservation sites

Bat colonies found on the trees in Municipality office, DC's residence. DCFs office premises need to be maintained and protected.

Bat colonies are also found in townships including Kadur, Sakrepatna and Tarikere.

 

15.         Conservation of sacred trees

•           The Forest Department and the  Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) must take strict action for conserving sacred trees.   All kinds of hunting and felling of trees must be regulated.

 

2.  DISTRICT HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT

 

1.  Studies on health implications of biodiversity loss

The implications of biodiversity loss on human health are well known and to improve the health conserving the biodiversity of the locality is quite essential.     Plants  providing  food,  timber,   medicine,   shade  and  other ornamental plants must be grown and conserved wherever possible.

 

The District Government Hospital, Taluk Government Hospital and Primary Health Centres have proposed an action plan for planting vegetation yielding flowers,   fruits,   medicine,   timber,   vegetables   etc.   in   their   respective compounds and the same is forwarded to the authorities for necessary funding and actions. The loss of fishes in the water bodies has resulted in the increased incidence of epidemic diseases including Malaria and Filaria.    The introduction of larvivorous fishes such as Guppies, Gambusia etc. would certainly help in the biological control of insect larvae, particularly of mosquitoes.

Chikmagalur District has 48 Primary Health Centres. A detailed action plan is provided to improve the biodiversity of respective localities by planting flower, fruit, timber, food, medicine, and vegetable yielding plants for improving the biodiversity.

The budgetary provision needed for the implementation of the proposed action plan: Rs.20,848,55-00.

 

3.          WOMEN AND CHILDREN WELFARE DEPARTMENT

1170 'Anganavadi' Centres and 1320 'Stree Shakti' self-help groups are functioning in the  district.     Through these  organizations,  biodiversity conservation programmes may be undertaken.

With the help of horticulture and forest departments fodder and fuelwood yielding plants may be cultivated and this will reduce the pressure on the natural vegetation and thus indirectly help in the conservation of biodiversity.

 

4.          SCHEDULED TRIBES WELFARE PROGRAMME

12 Residential Schools. 6 Hostels, 1 Morarjee Desai Model Residential School are functioning in the district.     2 LAMPS  Societies are also functioning. Through these biodiversity conservation prgogrammes can be undertaken. With the help of Horticulture and Forest Departments fodder and fuelwood yielding plants may be cultivated and this in turn will reduce the pressure on the natural vegetation and thus indirectly help in the conservation of biodiversity The biodiversity conservation programmes may be undertaken in localities where empty land is available, with the help of Horticulture and Agriculture Departments.

 

 

5.            KANNADA AND CULTURE DEPARTMENT

Programmes such as doll show, folk song. Haikathe, street drama may be organized to create awareness for biodiversity conservation.

To undertake environmental/ecosystem/biodiversity awareness programmes in 7 taluks of the district a sum of Rs.12 lakhs is requied.

 

6.          PREUNIVERSITY AND PUBLIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Organizing biodiversity related programmes through Eco-clubs and science associations.

Motivating Guides and Scouts for planting various species in the school garden

Documentation  of biodiversity  elements  through   students   under  the guidance of teachers

Organizing tours to wildlife Sanctuaries, Botanical Gadens and Zoological Parks for listing the plants and animals and their important characteristics.

Providing fencing and water facilities to school gardens for conservation of species.

Each School may be provided a sum of Rs.1000/- to undertake the ecodevelopment programme.

 

7.          SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT

•           The department is running 127 educational institutions.  About 80 percent of these institutions have their own buildings and sufficient space is

available in most of the institutions, particularly in hostels, where plant growing programmes can be undertaken.

• In about 80 hostel premises, a minimum of 3200 plants can be grown, @ 40 plants per hostel. In addition, each of the Morarjee Desai Model Residntial Schools own about 20-25 acres of land and altogether there are four such schools in the district. The indigenous plants such as mango, neem, jackfruit, tamarind etc. can be grown in all vacant areas of these schools with the help of Forest Department. The responsibility of maintenance may be given to the students, the staff members and the officials of the Taluk level Social Welfare Officers. Since such a project has not been envisaged in other districts in the state, the Chikmagalur District can take up the project.

 

8.         DISTRICT INDUSTRIAL CENTRE

Bee-keeping

Honey bees besides yielding honey, play an important role in pollination, especially of horticultural crops. In recent years, due to the extensive use of pesticides and also due to mite infections, the bee keeping has been greatly affected. Therefore, a research project may be undertaken to combat the diseases inflicting the honeybees, under the proposed action plan.

 

9.          DEPARTMENT OF FACTORIES AND BIOLERS

In Chikmagalur District, out of 52 registered factories, only 5 factories have been identified as hazardous factories as per the provisions of sections 2(cb) of the Factories Act.

'The Environmental Protection Act, 1986' passed by the Government of India, has been in forefront, insisting on various protective measures to be taken by the industrial establishments in the formation of a series of related rules.

The on site Emergency Management Plan (BMP) include mock rehearsals once in 6 months, regular safety training classes to impart awareness with regards to the safety, health and environment by the accidents.

 

10.         MANGALORE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY COMPANY LTD. (MESCOM)

The item No. 15 (Conservation of Special Security Areas) does not come under MESCOM. It comes under the perview of the Karnataka Power Corporation (KPC). While drawing the electric lines, only branches of the trees along the line are cut, but not the trees. The department is doing its best for the conservation of the environment.

 

11.         FISHERIES DEPARTMENT

•   Promoting   sustainable   utilization    of   freshwater    fish    and    shellfish populations.

This includes banning fishing in ponds and reservoirs during the breeding season and also regulating the size of the eye of the fishing net. Besides, involving fisherman as stakeholders and imparting awareness programmes of sustainable utilization offishery resources would be considered under the action plan.

 

Grant required for the programme: Rs.50,000-00

 

•          Institutional Capacity developpment for civic bodies

Giving the management of freshwater bioresources to the local institutions and organizations such a JFMs, Joint Fishery Management Committees etc. on contract basis. This will help to conserve the Freshwater bioresources.

•          Creation of policy and regulatory framework for the protection of freshwater
biodiversity.

The local organizations, Research Centres and Fisheries Department should jointly work for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity, which would include: (i) fishing period (ii) fishing method (iii) proper utilization of water. The joint management committees may be accorded social recognition by awarding special prizes for their sincere efforts for conservation of bioresources. Grant required for the programme: Rs.50,000-00

•          Development of a Realistic System of Economic Instruments such as access fees, incentives to encourage prudent and penulties to discourage non-sustainable utilization of Biological Resources and Biodiversity.

Grant required for the Programme: Rs.50,000-00

•

 

12. AGRICULTURE REGULATED MARKETS

Six Agricultureal Produce Marketing Committes are functioning in the district. Excepting Koppa and Sringeri, the remaining four marketing societies have a minimum of 4 acres and a maximum of 24 acres of land. By planting fruit yielding and shade giving trees in the vacant land and also on either side of the roads, the biodiversity of the area could be improved. By providing adequate drainage in the market yards, the pollution can be regulated

 

13.         INFORMATION DEPARTMENT

•          Formation of a committee to develop curricula and educational material

Information Department is playing a key role in dissemination of information pertaining to the developmental projects of the government to the rural masses. In addition, the department is organizing video shows, discussion meetings in educational institutions pertaining to developmental projects of the Government, health, education, culture etc.

If the department has necessary funds for developing various information materials including video- cassettes, booklets, pamphlets etc., awareness programmes can be effectively implemented.

 

POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

 

•          Identification and inventorying of biodiversity indicators of Pollution

It is essential to identify and inventory the sensitive species of Flora and Fauna in ific locality

Promotion of NGOs, role  in enhancing the quality of monitoring of pollution impacts on biodiversity

 

One or two NGOs, which have sincerity in purpose, will have to be identified and registered with the pollution Control Board. The registered NGOs representatives can do the data collection.

 

•   Enhancing the Quality of Environment Impact Assessment

Many institutions and private persons are currently doing environmental impact Assessment. The competence of the institutions and the people are questionable. Hence, agencies with capabilities and the people who are qualified to do the impact assessment must be identified. These agencies or the persons must be registered with the government and their services must be availed when necessary.

 

•   Promomtion of NGOs role in enhancing the quality of Environmental Impact assessment Exercises

Most of the NGOs are activists, but do not have the scientific or academic capability to conduct an effective EIA. Hence, it is essential for the Government to identify NGOs of this standard like BNHS, University of Mysore, Indian Institute of Science etc.15.     URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

The urban development is not undertaking any one of the items listed in the brochure provided. However, the department will take necessary steps to conserve and develop Roadside Avenue trees and reserve place for the development of gardens in suitable locations.

16.         LABOUR DEPARTMENT

Eventhough the labour Department is not included in the Biodiversity Action Plan, the department is duty bound to provide information to the labourers to maintain clean environment.

 

17.         MINOR IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT

There are 122 large ponds and 70 pickup tanks providing irrigation water for 26,000 hectares. Malnad area of the watershed harbour rich biodiversity including medicinal plants, fresh water fishes, crabs, frogs, insects and rich vegetation. On priority basis, the irrigation department can take up the following action plans:

Providing water for medicinal  plants  genetic  resources  in  irrigation tank catchment areas.

Maintaining water level beneath the outlet of ponds for the survival of the aquatic organisms.

The district has sacred rivers like Tunga, Bhadra, Hemavathi and in addition there are a number of tanks and ponds in the course of these rivers. To prevent siltation o rivers and ponds planting trees on the blanks and and bunds will be taken up.

The district has several ancient ponds located in the premises of old temples and some in the centre of the villages.   These provide water for the people and the cattle. It is necessary to undertake desilting to increase the ground water level.

Establishment of 'Gunduthopu' tree genetic diversity conservation sites in the vacant areas surrounding the ponds and tanks would reduce pollution and also add aesthetic value to the regions.

Establishment of irrigation tanks biodiversity conservation sites wherever possible.

Creation of satellite imagery based database on boundaries of wetlands would help to take up precautionary measures.

 

Grants needed for the above action plans: Rs. 90 lakhs.

18. BACKWARD CLASSES AND MINORITIES DEPARTMENT

The department is running 50 pre-metric hostels, 10 post-metric hostels, 1 Morarjee Desai Model Residential School and 3 Ashrama schools. Of the above mentioned 64 educational institutions, 33 institutions were built on own land. Since sufficient vacant land is available around the educational buildings, an action plan can be drawn for the cultivation plants, especially the herbal gardens with the support of forest department.

The Morarjee Desai Model Residential School owns 13 acres of land. In the vacant land surrounding the building plants such as the mango, neem, jackfruit, tamarind and coconut may be grown.

The responsibility of raising herbal gardens, plantations etc. can be given to the students of the hostels, staff and the supervisors.

 

19. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT

This department is husbanding domesticated animals such as cow, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, rabbit, horse, ass, dog, domestic fowl etc.

There are two traditional varieties of cows, namely, 'Amrith Mahal' and 'Malnad Gidda'. The characteristic features of Amrithmahal has been scientifically studied and documented. There is need to study the characteristic features of Malnad Gidda.

The Government Karnataka has established a Centre for the development of Amrith Mahal breed in Ajjampura in Chikmagalur district. 2585-hectare area has been reserved for the development of Amrith Mahal breed.

A semen collection centre has been established at Birur for the development of Amrith Mahal breed through artificial insemination.

There is a need for the conservation of Amrith Mahal breed through 'watchers' by creating trenches for preventing the access to other breeds of cattle. Ajjampura watch centre has been completed and there is a need for making watch centres at Lingadahalli, Basur and Birur.

Grants required for the establishment of watch centres at Lingadahalli, Baasur and Birur: Rs. 28 1akhs.

Grants required for strengthening Semen collection centre at Birur: Rs. 45 lakhs.

Development of Malnad Gidda Breed

Malnad Gidda breed occurs in manad Taluks, including sringeri, N. R. Pura, Koppa, Moodigere and Chikmagalur.

Grants needed for the development of Malnad Gidda Breed: Rs. 2 lakh.Kodagu District:1.Proposals submitted by Development departments.1.Forest Department.

A. Social Forest Division:

Notionai Budget (Lakhs)Conservation of Ficus tree resources through avenue plantations.          1.50

Promoting sustainable utilization of timber resources.                    37.50

Promoting sustainable utilization of non-timber forest products.           3.45

Promoting sustainable utilization of natural population of

Medicinal plants                                                               3.75

Conservation of Sacred groves.                                              25.00

Soil and water Conservation works.                                                     3.00

Fire protection measures.                                                     6.00

                                                                                                       80.20

 

*PIan out lay for 5 year period 401 lakhs.          

 

B.Wild life Division:

1.Conservation of Ficus tree resources                                                        3.00

2.Creation of a GIS database on boundaries of forest and revenue land

holdings.                                                                                                   6.00

3.Creation of policy and regulatory framework

for management of biodiversity in forest area.                                                10.00

4.Local capacity building for development and management of biodiversity

based enterprises such as ecotourism.                                                          2.00

*Plan outlay— 21 lakhs.                                                                                 21 00

 

C.Silviculture Division:

1 .Establishment of Honge genetic center                                                      2.00

2.Establishment of Bevu genetic resource unit                                                  2.00

3.Promoting sustainable utilization of natural population of medicinal plants.      2.00

4.Promoting sustainable utilization of non-timber forest products.                         10.00

                                                                                                                                       16.00
Plan outlay for 5 years—16 lakhs.                      

 

·        

 

RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Nirmala Kodagu, an NGO, working to improve the environment of Kodagu District, has submitted the Rainwater Harvesting Project proposal to the Deputy commissioner of Kodagu District on 9 April 2002.

Kodagu being the catchment area of river Cauvery, it requires rainwater-harvesting system.  Artificial ground water recharge systems with rapid percolation pits to recharge the perennial water sources need to be commissioned.  PWD and Zilla Panchayat could implement this during their road construction and other developmental work.  This would not only help to maintain satisfactory ground water level, but also would prevent occurrence of flood and drought.  This would also overcome the drinking water problem in the district.

Nirmala Kodagu working in the field of environment in the district is willing to join the district administration in implementing rainwater/roof water harvesting in private lands, large community buildings and institutional buildings.  This would yield the following results:

·       Maintain the ground water table in the catchment area of River Cauvery

·       Sustainable water to the farming community in both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu

·       Recharging of the open wells and bore wells

·       Regular flow of water in all the tributaries of River Cauvery

·       Reduces flooding of Rivers

·       Reduces soil erosion

·       Improves the quality of water

·       Mitigates the effects of drought

 

 

Gulbarga District:

Action plans-

 

1. Along the road side to an extent of about 8 meters forest is to be grown, wherever possible. NGO’s or local bodies to be identified to safe guard them.
2. If a farmers holds more than 20 acres of land he/she has to be motivated to grow at least one acre of tamarind, Neem, Mango or any other tree which are economic to him, which in turn help the environment.
3. Bore wells and open wells are to be recharged so that under ground water table will rise up.
4. Usage of farm yard/organic manure is to be motivated in the agricultural land instead of chemical fertilizers. This will increase the soil fertility and also increases biological activity, which leads to more water absorption capacity.
5. Promotion of Biodiversity education is must in school, college curriculum.

 

 

Action Plans with respect to different department of the state: (From RDPR)

 

 

 

 

Item: 2- LAND IMPROVEMENT, IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND REFORMS, LAND CONSOLIDATION AND SOIL CONSERVATION

* Once we agree that land has to be within the Panchayat's administration, then one must make it clear that it is their duty to conduct eviction proceedings. This ensures greater credibility as far as recovery of taxes and land user charges are concerned.

 

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DAIRYING AND POULTRY

ITEM :5- FISHERIES

ITEM NO 6:SOCIAL FORESTRY

 

 

ITEM: 7- MINOR FOREST PRODUCE

 

 

 

ITEM: 8- SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES INCLUDING FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES

 

 

ITEM: 9- KHADI, VILLAGE AND COTTAGE INDUSTRIES