We
annex below the details of specific action plans received during consultations
for the Karnataka State of Environment Report and Action Plan preparation
through district and state level consultations with officials, experts and
NGOs. The numbers refer to the Action Plans in Section 9 above.
*The Defence Authorities, Government of India
have taken over prime fishing area for the construction of
Naval Base - "SEA BIRD" near Karwar and also they are conducting
Naval exercises at Netrani Island near Karwar.
In the interest of protection of marine aquatic life, it
is necessary to take precautionary measures. Therefore
the Defence Authorities should be suitably addressed to take measures to protect coastal marine biodiversity.
Action: Government of Karnataka / Central
Government.
*To rehabilitate threatened estuarine fish
species like Milkfish - Chanos chanos and Kanae meenu - Sillage
sihama, it is proposed to raise them in captivity and breed them. The seed produced may be ranched in protected areas of
estuaries. The Kodi fish farm near Coondapar,
Udupi district may be utilised for this purpose after attending to repairs and expansion.
Period of study: 4-5 years, Budget Rs. 10.00
lakhs
*Some fish species which are endemic to
Karnataka are listed under "threatened category" such
as Labeo fimbriatus, L. calbasu, L.bata,
L.porcellus_Puntius pulchellus, P.carnaticus, P.dorsalis. P. narayani., P.puckelli, Gonoproktopterus curmuca, G.dubius, G.kolus, G.micropogon micropogon, G. thomassi, Mystus
krishnensis, Neotropius khavalchor Channa marulius,C.striatus etc. It is proposed to collect these from the wild stocks, raise them in captivity and to breed them. For this purpose, it is proposed to
identify some fish farms under the control of State's Department of Fisheries.
Ponds in these farms require certain
repairs to enable them to hold water. The farm staff are required to be trained in the technique of breeding. The farms
tentatively identified are (a) Narayanpur
(Bijapur) (b) Shantisagar (Davangere), (c) Markonahalli (Tumkur) and (d)
Harangi (Coorg). The seed produced of these fish species may be stocked in protected areas for their establishment and
perpetuation.
Period of Study : 4 - 5 years, Budget:
Rs.40.00 lakhs.
*It is proposed to develop one reservoir in
each valley by stocking endemic fish species to the
stretch of the river against which the dam is erected. The reservoir fishery shall be protected by following conservation practices like
"close season", mesh regulations etc., So it is
proposed to develop 4 reservoirs in each of the drainage system - 1. Cauvery 2. Krishna 3. Godavari and 4. Wets flowing rivers
under this programme
Period of Study : 3 years, Budget: Rs. 15 lakh;
*The perennial tanks in each valley shall be
identified for conservation of Tank fisheries by
stocking the indigenous fauna and protect the fisheries following conservation practices. 20 tanks are proposed to be developed. They
will act as insitu conservation of stocks.
Period of Study : 3 years Budget: Rs. 60.00
lakhs.
*The Department of Fisheries in collaboration
with the National Beareau of Fish Genetic Resources to establish a "gene
bank" in Karnataka to preserve the endangered
fish species.
Period of study : 2 years, Budget: Rs.5.00
lakhs
*Proposed action: Uniform Marine fishing Regulation Act is proposed to
be implemented in the entire coast in order to declare "Close -
season" from 10 June - 15 August to protect brood stock of fishes to facilitate breeding and recruitment of their stock.
Responsibility : Department of Fisheries, State / Central Governments.
*Proposed
action: The Department of
Fisheries, Government of Karnataka is contemplating to impose mesh regulations for the fishing gears
in operation in Karnataka coast to prevent catching of young and juvenile fishes.
Action : Department of Fisheries.
*Permission for addition of fishing crafts
like purse - seines and trawlers shall be restricted to
control units engaged in the exploitation of coastal fisheries.
Action : Department of Fisheries.
*Action plan : Regulation of marine fishing
to sustainable limits
The domination of fishing sector by outside
commercial sectors to be brought under check.
Finances for fishing related enterprises to
be given to traditional fishing communities only.
Mesh regulations for all kinds of fishing
nets to be strictly enforced.
The imposition of closed fishing period
during the monsoon, when most of the fish, breed, to be
uniformly followed by all the coastal states. This needs a Central Government agency to monitor. It has been suggested that a Central
Ministry on Marine and Coastal Resources is desirable.
No collaborative ventures for bottom trawling
in Indian territorial waters to be allowed on the
grounds that such trawling is very destructive of the marine ecosystems.
The use of any kind of large-scale trawl nets
needs to be re-examined to minimise the incidental catches and other damages to
the ecosystems.
Licensing of more number of trawlers, and
purse-seines and other mechanized boats to be stopped in the
entire coastal Karnataka, for the next 10 years, until the fish stocks recover.
Action plan: Identify breeding grounds and
other sensitive localities of fish and other marine species, and declare such
areas as protected from exploitation.
• CRZ regulations state areas of fish breeding
and mangroves are to be treated as CRZ I. However no such areas are so far
identified.
*Action plan : Safeguarding the livelihood
security of the artisan fisheries
The near-shore waters, to a specified
distance, to be reserved for fishing by artisan fishermen
only, who use Rampani nets, caste nets, hooks, canoes and other non- mechanized crafts.
The artisan fishermen may be exempted from the
fishing ban imposed during the monsoon seaspn.
The Coast Guard may be deployed to carry out
such regulations.
Promotion of fisher-women's co-operatives is
very essential
Panchayat-wise yards for preparing dry fish
*Action plan : Restrictions on prawn catching
during breeding period
Paeneus indicus —white shrimp- breeds during December to May, P. monodon —tiger
prawn- breeds during May to October, in bar mouths, estuaries and backwaters. A
ban on catching of the above species during the
breeding periods has been recommended.
*Action plan : Pollution control in the prawn
farms
The Supreme Court norms for shrimp farmers
are to be strictly implemented. The stocking levels in
the shrimp farms are to be monitored and certified periodically. The shrimps
are to be grown only by using biodegradable feeds, manure and disinfectants.
*Action plan : Aghanashini river estuary to be considered as
Ecologically Sensitive Area
Today, despite rising human disturbances in
its estuaries, Aghanshini is by far the richest of the west
coast rivers in terms of its biodiversity and productivity.
The river supports livelihoods of thousands
of families of fishermen, shell-fish and shell gatherers,
salt makers, farmers, water transporters, and so on.
The river is very rich in shell-fish the
collection and sale of which employs thousands of women.
Primary productivity in the river is stated
to be high
An estimated 135 species of birds are
associated with the river estuary.
An independent estimate says it produces
annually about Rs.40 crores worth of fish and shell fish alone (in addition to
income from agriculture it supports, salt making. Aqaufarms etc.).
It is to be ensured, however, that the
declaration of the river/estuary as HSA does not affect the
traditional livelihood activities of the coastal farmers
and fishing communities.
*There are 12 areas in certain riverine
stretches of the State where fish congregations were noticed. Of these, only 3
such congregation spots are declared as 'Sanctuaries'. The other places are required to be declared as 'Sanctuaries'. It is
contemplated to survey all these fish congregating centers or sanctuaries and
also to take action to rejuvenate them by educating people
for the protection of valuable fish stocks. Organis NGOs to
take care of these areas by providing financial assistance and also to rehabilitate
the native fish species of the concerned rivers. Thus organise 'in situ' conservation of the riverine fishes.
Period
of study : 2 years, Budget- Rs.25.00 lakhs
*Creation
of fish-ladders for the breeding of fishes and conservation of aquatic
organisms
*The culture of African catfish Clarias
gariepinus around cities in Karnataka is proposed to
be discouraged and the people engaged shall be educated on the adverse effects
of its culture. Culturing the African catfish shall be controlled.
Action : Department of Fisheries.
*To prevent dynamiting and poisoning to catch fish, people in the
vicinity of rivers, reservoirs are proposed
to be educated by mass meeting, distributing literature etc., on the effect of
using this destructive methods.
Period of Study : 2 years Budget of Study :
Rs. 8.00 lakhs,
*Action plan: Anshi to be part of the
proposed Sahyadri Ecologically Sensitive Area (SESA)
Anshi Ghat is in the process of getting
converted into a National Park. This could uproot hundreds of forest dwelling families, who have been living there
through generations. Instead it has been suggested that the
Anshi be part of the proposed Sahyadri Ecologically
Sensitive Area (SESA). The services of the people can be enlisted in conservation and sustainable use programmes.
Agro-biodiversity
*The
Sahyadri Ecologically Sensitive Area (SESA) aims at protecting preserving and
promoting the western ghats area between Anshi National Park in Uttara Kannada,
all along the Sahyadri’s to the North to Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary in
Kolhapur, including the protected areas of Goa.
*There are reports that Maravanthe beach and
beach near Bhatkal (Heble) are the areas where turtles make their ways to lay
eggs to raise their young ones. In order to protect the eggs and the young ones, it is contemplated to conduct a detailed
study to cover period of migration of turtles to the
beaches, areas of laying eggs and young ones moving to
sea etc., and also suggest ways and means to protect their eggs and young ones from destruction.
Period of Study 2 years, Budget required
Rs.5.00 lakhs.
*Educate fishermen on the pollution likely to
be caused on account of throwing away of unwanted fishes
both in deep sea and coastal waters and also about oil spills and the need to prevent such actions, fishermen are required to be educated
suitably in their regard.
Action :
Ecology and Environment Department, Department of
Fisheries, Government of Karnataka and Central
Government.
*Action plan: Protection of ecology of sea
beaches
• Construction of
seawalls to protect sea erosion should be done with the permission of CRZ authority, and only after Environmental Impact
Assessment.
• Sea beaches to be
re-vegetated on a war footing:
To protect them from erosion
To enhance ecosystem value- shelter for coastal
birds, enrichment of inter-tidal fauna, nutrient supply to the coastal
waters.
*Preservation of the naturalness of pristine beaches
Coastal Uttara Kannada, despite developmental
pressures, and rising human population has some of the
pristine beaches of the west-coast. The pristineness of such beaches need to be safeguarded. The notable beaches are Mundalli (2 km south of
Bhatkal), rocky beach of south Dhareshwar (Kumta taluk) and
Managuni and Honebail (Ankola taluk).
The following measures are suggested for
their conservation:
CRZ regulations to be followed strictly
No tourism project to come up in the vicinity
of these beaches
Vegetation need to be preserved without
disturbance
Night camping by tourists not to be
permitted.
Nature clubs may be promoted in the respective beaches for
vigilance
Activities such as educational tourism and
trekking may be promoted
*Action plan:
Mangrove planting and protection
Mangrove forests ('Kandla-vana') of the
backwaters arc considered high ranking productive ecosystem
of the world. Yet most mangroves have been destroyed. Mangrove marshes are rich
in fisheries, and act as nurseries for the juveniles of fish, prawns, shellfish and crabs. The mangroves shelter coastal
water birds and enrich the waters with nutrients.
Widespread planting of mangroves can protect the river banks from erosion, the rivers from flooding as well as compensate for
the loss of nutrient input into the estuaries from the Western Ghat forests due to construction of dams.
Coastal panchayats to be allowed funds for
mangrove planting. Incentives to be given to panchayats and
other local bodies, village self-help groups and cooperatives of estuarine farmers for raising and maintaining mangrove forests.
The services of estuarine farmers like the
Patgars to be taken for raising mangroves in the
backwaters.
Involve traditional fishermen of backwater
villages, whose livelihoods have been affected by
commercial shrimp farming, in mangrove regeneration and protection.
Top priority to be given for raising mangroves
by the Forest Department
Scheme to be prepared for rehabilitation of
abandoned prawn farms with mangroves so that their ecology is restored and
they are made suitable for natural method of fish farming and raising of Kagga rice.
The gajni areas used by the Ballarpur
Industries, Binaga for salt production, and abandoned
subsequently, may be reconverted into mangroves. This will enrich the coastal ecosystems substantially.
The owners of fallow estuarine lands to be
extended assistance for mangrove planting. Scheme to
be evolved for planting potential mangrove areas and degraded mangrove areas within CRZ to be planted with mangroves. The scheme to
cover both private and state owned lands.
*Project: Conservation of the swamp forests
and their surroundings.
A recent study of the Myristica swamps of
Uttara Kannada reveals that these swamps are highly threatened. These swamps
have rare and even hitherto unrecorded species- the endangered tree Semecarpus kattalekanensis for instance. The main
problem for conservation of these rare forest stands are
1. Ignorance of the biological and ecological value of such
forests; 2. The understaffed nature of the Forest Department. As many of the swamps and rare forest stands are in remote areas they are easily
encroached upon by the people for conversion into arecanut gardens. These
encroachments are detected only after the
damages are already done. Local forest committees of villagers have to be
formed for protection of such swamps. Local youth may be appointed as watchmen.
Rights for harvesting of NTFP from the surrounding forests may be given
to the local villagers as an incentive for
protecting such rare ecosystems.
The most important swamp forests to be
protected along with their surrounding forests are
Forests of Malemane village (Siddapur Range)
Myristica swamps of Hemgar, Kudgund and Hukli
villages (Siddapur and Kyadigi ranges)
Myristica swamp of Halsolli hamlet in Mahime
village (Gersoppa range)
Myristica swamps of Harigar and Unchalli
villages of Amenalli range.
Responsibility: Forest Department in
collaboration with JFM committees, Self Help Groups, or
by appointing local youth for monitoring and safe-guarding these swamp forests and other rare forest stands rich in endemics.
*Action plan 2: Protection of relics of primary
forests
Relics of primary forests are still present in Uttara Kannada,
especially towards its south. These can be
recognized by the presence of high levels of endemism among the flora and fauna. These forests give rise to more perennial
streams than the secondary forests. Examples
of such forests are Karikallani Gudda (Siddapur range),
Relics of primary forests and forests in advanced stages of
succession to be identified at the ground
level and by using satellite imageries.
Steps to be taken for maintaining proper
connectivity between such forests
Greater attention to be paid for their
protection and prevention from any kind of fragmentation.
*Action plan: Protection of riparian forests
These forests are extremely important in
biodiversity, nutrient supply to the river, protection of
rivers from siltalion and proper flow of streams into the river. The forests on
the banks of all the rivers to be protected from any
further development pressures.
*Action plan: Conservation of wild relatives
of cultivated plants
Such plants are part of the 'gene bank' of
crop plants. Uttara Kannada forests are rich in the wild
relatives several cultivated plants such as mango, jackfruit, Garcinia,
Nellikai (goose-berry), nutmeg, pulses, ginger,
cinnamon, turmeric, pepper, bitter-gourd (hagalakai), snake-gourd (patalekai),
brinjals, grapes etc. Forests having good population of such wild relatives to be given special place in conservation.
*Turtle
breeding along the Gangolli beaches need to be protected
*To
prevent sea erosion during monsoon season, construction of sea-wall along the
coast using boulders and granite blocks has lead to environmental degradation.
Construction of sea wall affects breeding of fishes. Formation of natural sandy
coast (French Technology) could be though of for the protection. This would
also provide breeding ground for coastal fishes.
*Bhimgad
area has unique sites with bat habitations, like the Talewadi caves, Krishnapur
caves and the Bhimgad caves. These need to be given the status of a sanctuary
for conservation of the bats (Wroughton's
Free Tailed Bat(Otomops wroughtoni) ) and their habitat.
*Action plan: Strategy for fire management in
forests
Effective fire management cannot take place
without people's co-operation. Forests in dry belt cannot be protected from
fires for years together, as the fire clanger increases from
accumulation of dry biomass. The fire itself has a place in forest management. Therefore the fire management strategy may be
flexible
*Action plan: Adoption of watershed based
approach in forest management
The Indian peninsula is passing through one
of the most critical periods as far as water availability
is concerned. Forest fragmentation, diversion of the streams, creation of more monoculture plantations, instead of species rich forests, mining etc.
have resulted in decline of the water-holding capacity of the
forests.
In a watershed based approach, every forest
patch may be graded based on its spectral characters in the
satellite imageries. The multi-canopied natural evergreen forests have highest water
conservation value. Such forests may be earmarked for future protection. All the swamp forests of the Western Ghats have
highest water-conservation values and therefore
should be accorded top priority. Such swamps like the Myristica swamps of Uttara Kannada may be protected with the help of
the local village communities.
Multi-strata evergreen forests have to be
restored in all potential areas if we desire that the streams and
rivers should flow perennially. Also such forests are rich in species, especially endemic species of the Western Ghats.
*Action plan 4: Dispensing with the contract system for NTFP
collection
This would involve formation of local level
biodiversity management committees as enunciated in the
Biodiversity Bill. If JFM committees are already functioning well in such villages, the NTFP gathering may be entrusted to these.
Project: Training of rural people, especially
women in value addition to NTFP or utilisation of
NTFP for producing goods through cottage/small-scale industries.
Responsibility: Department of Small-Scale
Industries, Forest Department.
Training rural women in scientific
extraction, processing/manufacturing and marketing of forest-based goods can considerable employment
Production of cane furniture, bamboo
articles
Honey preservation, bottling and marketing
Primary processing of medicinal plants, extraction of crude drugs,
preparation of finished drugs if simple
procedures are involved.
Production of biopesticides
Production of natural dyes from plants,
which have ever-expanding global market.
Production of pickles, juices, jams and
preserves from the fruits of wild plants
Extraction, cleaning, packing and marketing
of gums, resins, spices etc from the wild
These activities will generate more employment
in the rural areas.
*Project: Development of direct linkages of
NTFP collector with the end-market
The middlemen siphons off bulk of the
profits by monopolising the marketing links for NTFP thereby
depriving the forest dwellers of fare share, which, otherwise would have been
theirs' if direct linkages are developed between the collectors or heir
co-operatives and the market.
*Action plan: Enrichment of forests in
biodiversity to support more number of livelihoods and not through expansion of
agriculture.
This will involve:
Planting up poor grade forest plantations with
NTFP species. Such plants while improving the
quality of forests will also generate employment through forest based handicrafts, cottage industries etc.
Creation of a system of small scale
nurseries to be run by marginal farmers and tribals
Plants to be raised in such nurseries should
be for (a) NTFP, (b) ecosystem services (water and soil
conservation, carbon stocking, protection of local microclimate, rendering fire resistance); (c) food plants for wildlife and (d) endemic
species of Western Ghats
The creation and maintenance of wild-life
corridors (migratory paths of wild animals)
Local people to benefit from religious,
cultural, academic and adventure tourism
Fire management strategy to be implemented village-wise only in
consultation with the JFM, village panchayat
etc.
Fire management has to be in mosaic of
patches so as to avoid the risk of forests bursting into
flames at one time.
Semi-evergreen ground vegetation to be
promoted wherever possible
Greater watershed protection in fire prone
forests
Selective removal of dry biomass by
villagers to be permitted from locally designated areas where fire risk exists.
*Action plan: Promotion of eco-tourism in
beaches
The development of cco-tourism and
protection of ecology have to go hand in hand. Ecotourism
development to benefit local villagers and to improve the ecology of beaches. The beaches having the potential for eco-tourism development
are: Shirali and Bailur (Bhatkal taluk), the beaches of
Dhareshwar north, Kumta, Gudeangidi and Gangavali (Kumta
taluk). The activities necessary for promotion of ecotourism are:
Beautification of beaches by raising natural
vegetation of native trees, bushes, creepers and herbs.
Promotion of sand-dune formation
Periodic cleaning up of plastic and trash
Providing water and toilet facilities in the
houses of poorer people
Assistance to the local bodies for appointment
of beach maintenance staff (to be chosen from among
the local villagers).
Tourism Department may provide assistance for
eco-tourism development which should avoid any construction
activities on beaches.
*Project: Creation of butterfly parks within
every vegetational zone
This could be an important activity to be
sponsored within every vegetational zone of the district. Such activity will be
of high educative value, will enhance tourism potential, will generate knowledge on kind of plants to be grown for promoting various
kinds of butterflies. The butterfly parks to generate
adequate revenue for their maintenance as well as generate rural employment.
*Action plan: Protection of forests from
increased tourism
The increased tourism within forest areas have adverse effect on
fragile ecosystems, eg Yana and Uluvi
forests.
Carrying plastic bags, littering forests with
plastics, paper or other refuse to be banned. Successful protection of
mountain ecosystems from trash, found in Eravikulum
National Park to be emulated.
Forest trails to be periodically cleaned off
trash by volunteers. Such a policy has been developed in Matheran (Maharashtra)
by the Municipal Corporation
Nature clubs to be formed in tourism villages
Tourist education bureaus to be set up in
tourist areas.
*Action plan: Welfare
measures for fishing community women
Farming of ornamental fishes and aquarium
making and servicing.
Promotion of cottage industries using
sea-weeds (in production of agar, algin, pickles, jellies, base for medicines
etc)
*Action plan 3: Forestry to be more people
and biodiversity centred, than timber-centred.
Species rich forests of the Western Ghats
have great potential to support livelihoods of lakhs of
people. Day by day newer materials from forests are finding demand, especially in this age of great advances in medicine and biotechnology. Plants are
becoming popular as sources of more and more medicines,
natural dyes, biopesticides, cosmetic products, essential
oils, biochemicals etc. These are in addition to conventional NTFP such as
fruits and seeds, shikekai, dalchini, canes, uppage,
honey etc. Biodiversity conservation cannot succeed by
alienating thousands of humans who live dispersed throughout the forest belt of Uttara Kannada. Uttara Kannada forests being rich in
diversity, these can be developed into great sources of NTFP.
There is general discontent among the rural
people and forest dwellers about the contract system for gathering NTFP. The
contractors have no permanent interest in the forest and their method of
extraction is destructive. Therefore NTFP management has to be passed into the hands of c6mmittees of villagers, where JFM is not existing.
Forest Department and NGOs should be entrusted with the
formation of such committees or Sclf-Help groups.
The Revised Forest Strategy of the World
Bank Group, while highlighting the importance of forests
in protecting vital local and global environmental services and values provided
by forests, emphasizes harnessing the potential of forests
to reduce poverty; and integrating forests in sustainable
development.
Forest policies need to be reoriented towards
creation and strengthening of rural livelihoods,
through NTFP enrichment.
NTFP management committees to be formed at
village/hamlet levels where JFM is not existing.
Contract system for NTFP gathering is more destructive than
earning revenue to the State.
Forest Range-wise planning to be made and
reviewed towards achieving the objectives of NTFP
enrichment, enhancement of watershed value and safeguarding the ecology.
Villagers to be trained in NTFP management
and value addition
Developing direct linkages of the NTFP
collector at the grassroots with the end- market necessary so
that the profits are not siphoned off by the middlemen.
As honey from wild plants is in good demand
as a nourishing food, and for preparation of medicines, the degraded forests should be planted with nectar producing plants.
The forest plantations to be critically
re-evaluated from their productivity point and ecological
values. All poor-grade plantations to be planted up with NTFP plant species of the Western Ghats.
People's Biodiversity Registers to record the
local people's knowledge about forest biodiversity and
traditional uses of forests
The Government to create trade centres for
marketing of local arts and crafts, ethnic foods, forest
based herbal medicines etc.
Local youth to be trained as certified guides and resource persons
for eco/ academic and cultural tourism
Manpower need to be created for waste
management in tourist areas within forests
Creation of specially maintained "honey
forests" in the vicinity of every village, where plant
species known to promote honey production to be raised.
Bamboo craftsmen of Uttara Kannada to be
encouraged and be provided with bamboo at nominal rates.
Movement of bamboo out of the district may be
restricted but all kinds of bamboo items produced by
cottage industries may allowed to be transported to markets outside
Creation of taluk-wise butterfly parks will
promote both biodiversity and education
*Project: Promotion of local medicinal
plants in home gardens
Women may be trained in raising local
medicinal plants in small scale in their home gardens. They may also be trained
in storage methods for such medicinal plants/their products, and in marketing.
These gardens could also strengthen traditional health care systems.
Responsibility: NGOs, Departments of
Agriculture/Horticulture/Small Scale Industries.
Project: Documenting, conservation, and
sustainable use of semi-wild plants of rural landscapes
The village communities have great dependence
on local biodiversity of semi-wild and wild plants for
food, medicines, dyes, cosmetics and various other needs. Such plants often are under threat due to increasing human impacts. The PBR should
account for such' utility plants of the village landscapes and
plan for their conservation through habitat protection and
cultivation as well as record their uses by local people.
*Action plan: Make farmers, including
marginal farmers partners in conservation of traditional
varieties in their natural areas (in situ conservation)
("In situ conservation" of
cultivated species means conservation in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties- Ref:
Biodiversity Bill, 2002).
The Government of India, as well as the
State agricultural universities are spending huge amounts on conservation of genetic diversity of crop plants, fruit
trees etc, at enormous cost to the public finances, in central places, away
from natural areas of these crops (ex situ conservation). At the same time the farmers who have evolved scores of
traditional varieties through ages of efforts are not
made partners in conservation.
The services of farmers, including marginal
farmers are to be used with proper recognition/
incentives to them as an encouragement for continued conservation of rare or threatened local varieties of all domesticated crops. Such a
plan of conservation, under proper monitoring, will
greatly ensure the continuity of all rare and threatened varieties while
recording, acknowledging and providing incentives for the role of the farmers.
For example "Kagga" rice which has
salt tolerance, and grown in the coastal gajni lands is endangered due to conversion of rice fields into prawn culturing
areas. The scented "Sannakki" of Medine
village is grown in very small area by Karivokkaliga farmers, without encouragement from source whatsoever.
Note: The Biodiversity Bill 2002 says every
local body shall constitute a "Biodiversity Management
Committee" for conservation, sustainable use and documentation of
biological diversity including preservation
of land
races, folk varieties and cultivars,
domesticated stocks and breeds of animals and
microorganisms and chronicling of
knowledge relating to biodiversity."
*
("Cultivar": A variety of plant
that has originated and persisted under cultivation or was specifically bred for the purpose of cultivation.
"Folk variety" means a cultivated
variety of plant that was developed, grown and exchanged
informally among farmers.
"Landrace" means primitive
cultivar that was grown by ancient farmers and their successors).
The Biodiversity Bill requires that while
taking any decision relating to the use of local biological
resources and the knowledge relating to them the respective Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC) are to be consulted. The BMC may even charge
for any agency for using biological resources within
its jurisdiction.
The State Government is required to constitute a Local
Biodiversity Fund. "The fund shall be used for conservation and promotion
of biodiversity in the areas falling within the
jurisdiction of the concerned local body and for the benefit of the
community..."
*Project: Restoration of Kagga rice
cultivation in gajni fields: Government to assist the farmers whose gajni rice fields in the backwater areas have been severely
damaged because of conversion into shrimp ponds.
*Action Plan: Promotion of organic farming:
The Uttara Kannada farmers have a great
heritage of organic farming, perhaps more than any other district in Karnataka
State. Because of hilly landscape and heavy seasonal rains organic matter is highly essential for protection of agricultural soils.
Most arecanut gardeners have been granted bettalands for extraction of leaf
manure. These bettalands are forests in support of agriculture. The other farmers
usually resort to "Minor Forests" or
even Reserve Forests for their leaf manure needs.
Most Minor Forests have been in poor
condition. This has prompted the Forest Department to plant fast growing tree
species such as Acacia in such degraded forests. The actions required to promote organic farming are:
Promotion of tree growth in bettalands, most
of which are in poor condition. The Forest Department
to evolve joint schemes with farmers to make the bettalands more tree-covered.
Enrichment of Minor Forests with more local
species for promotion of organic agriculture.
Promotion of bio-pesticide plants and use of
bio-pesticides. Education of farmers regarding use of biopesticides.
Agriculture and Horticulture departments to promote only organic farming.
Promotion of vermiculture
Civic bodies such as municipalities and
panchayats to work in close coordination with agriculture
departments so that organic waste available in market places are regularly composted and made available to farmers as manure.
Pharmaceuticals to sponsor growing of
medicinal plants by farmers by using organic methods.
The creation of village fodder farms will
promote stall feeding of cattle and make available more
quantity of cattle manure.
Organic consumer movement to be promoted by NGOs so that the
farmers get better returns for their farm produce.
*Action Plan: greater facilitation of women
in conservation of traditional crop biodiversity
Small scale conservation of indigenous crops,
including tree crops such as mango, jackfruit, kokum,
gooseberry, drumstick etc. to be promoted for household food security.
Even non-agricultural families to be
involved in such efforts. Women to play greater role in promotion of home gardens. Prizes to be instituted at village and
taluk levels for promotion of home gardens.
*Project: Promotion of efforts like "Malcnadu
Home Garden and Seed Exchange Network" of Uttara Kannada Women
(based at Sirsi), for conservation of traditional crop
biodiversity.
Begun in 2001, this is a modest effort at
documenting and increasing the diversity of home gardens in
Uttara Kannada. The home garden could be a tiny patch of land outside one's
house, or a small field or a mixed garden.
Home gardens provide food security, nutrition
and provide an additional source of income, especially
for women. Even the very poor are part of this production system. Home gardens are important genetic resources of cultivated plants, and
other folk knowledge related to the plants.
Growing of vegetables, flowers and even
trees are part of these home gardens. Currently, about 100
women from 5 villages of Yellapur are part of this network. They meet regularly to discuss about the gardens, exchange seeds. The crops grown
are non-hybrids and only by organic methods.
The home garden network is part of a project of Kalpavriksh, Pune.
A network of seed banks to be run by women
to be encouraged/sponsored.
Such projects need sponsorship from institutes
such as NBPGR, which anyway spend huge amounts of
money for "ex situ" conservation of seeds/genetic resources.
*Fodder; -
No Animal Husbandry activity can be successful
and complete without simultaneous development of fodder
resources. Fodder can be developed in the farms, community
lands, community property resources (CPR), in Water Sheds and Forest lands etc.,. Fodder varieties of different kinds need to be grown
as a matter of Bio-Diversity. More emphasis for permanent
fodder development measures to be given in Water-
Shed approach.
For the conservation and preservation of
Bio-Diversity in Animal Husbandry sector, as noted
above, an amount of Rs. 25 Crores may kindly be earmarked for taking up the above-mentioned activities in a successful manner.Project
II.B.10 Breeding of indigenous livestock, poultry and pet breeds to maintain the animal genetic resources and to
make them available to people
*Implementation
of the JFPM-Devarakadu in Kodagu district
*Animal
Husbandry sector
Karnataka state has diverse breeds of Livestock and poultry, which
need to be conserved and preserved as an element of Bio-Diversity.
Cattle: -
In respect of cattle, there are four important breeds, which are
Amrithmahal, Hallikar, Khillar and Deoni. These breeds are not only hardy but
are also very popular amongst the farmer community as well.
Four livestock farms, three under department of Animal Husbandry
and Veterinary Services and one under University of Agriculture Science,
Dharwad have been identified and functional for preservation and conservation
of these breeds. All that is presently required to be done is to strengthen the
on going activities. It may be pertinent to add that the conservation and
preservation of these breeds has been taken up under Cattle and Buffaloe
breeding project under financial assistance from Govt. of India, and will be
implemented from the year 2003-04.onwards.
Another breed of importance in Karnataka is the so-called "
Malnad Gidda" which is known for its compactness and utility in the hilly
terrain, particularly in the coastal belt and malnad regions of Karnataka. It
may also be pertinent to add that, this breed needs very little inputs for maintenance,
besides being highly resistant to many diseases. Unfortunately, there is no
farm or sector earmarked for preservation and conservation. Therefore, a farm
needs to be identified for the conservation and preservation of Malnad Giddas
and all the expenditure may be met out of National Project on Cattle and
Buffaloe development [Rs.90 crore project].
*Buffaloes: -
A, local breed of buffaloe viz. Dharwad breed is quite
popular in northern Karnataka, which also needs to be similarly treated as above.This
aspect is also covered under the Cattle and
Buffaloe breeding project mentioned above.
*Sheep: -
There are four distinct breeds of sheep viz. Deccani
[which constitutes 75% of total sheep population], Hassan, Bellary and
Bandur variety [constitute the balance 25%], the last named viz.
Bandur is an internationally known breed for quality and tasty
mutton. Presently, it is being conserved and preserved at sheep breeding farm, Dhangur
[Malavalli Tq. Mandya Dist], under the control of the Karnataka Sheep and Sheep
Products Development Board, Bangalore. As enough funds are not made available in the Sheep
Board, no other activity other than routine maintenance of these animals has been possible. Therefore, it is
suggested that the Board may draw out
a programme for preservation and conservation of this breed with specific financial outlay as a medium and long-term
process.
The other three breeds viz. Deccani, Hassan and Bellary
breeds need also to be conserved similarly without allowing them to be
extinct in the process of cross breeding which is presently
gaining importance. Therefore, some sheep farms in the state
should be identified for this purpose. Again, the Karnataka Sheep and Sheep Products
Development Board may be advised to draw out a detailed project with financial
implications for consideration by the Govt.
*Unfortunately, there is no breed of goat that
can be identified with Karaataka. However, the breed[s] of
goats available in the State are disease resistant and moderate producers of meat. In fact, in cities, mutton from goats is
preferred to mutton from sheep for its low fat content. Although there is no
farm to develop goats, the present Composite Livestock Farm
at Kurikuppe may be identified to develop and preserve
the native breeds under the direct supervision of Dept. of AH&VS. The details of project cost etc; can be worked out when called upon to do
so.
*Piggery: -
As in the case of goats, there is no
recognized breed[s] of pigs in Karnataka. However, the local
breeds of pigs, which are being slowly reduced through, cross breeding also need to be conserved as a measure of Bio-Diversity.
Therefore, the Dept. of AH&VS through its three Piggery
development farms located at Hessarghatta, Koila and Kudige shall
aim at preserving these local breeds as a measure of
Bio-Diversity.
*Poultry: -
The Aseel breed and the local variety are
mainly concentrated in the villages of Karnataka and are
a source of meat and few eggs and are resistant to many diseases and have fighting quality besides being more popular at the cuisine.
Although they are not high yielders, they are maintained
on zero input as Scavengers.On the other hand, the improved
varieties need to be housed and fed. Therefore, above
birds need to be conserved and preserved. Poultry farms in the department, shall also aim at preserving these local varieties.
*An Internationally recognized breed of dog viz. Mudhol
has its origin in Bagalkote
dist, and this breed is a hound meant for hunting and watch & ward purposes. A detailed programme has been drawn up
by Zilla Punchayat Bagalkote Dist at
a cost of Rs. 1.15 crores, which if sanctioned, by the State Govt. will go a
long way in conservation and
development of this breed, in addition to catering to the needs of export.
*The factories effluents and the untreated domestic
sewage (specially organic waste) are discharged
into the estuaries and coastal waters. This is causing deleterious effect on the biota and other aquatic life. Therefore the concerned Water Supply
and Sewage Board and Pollution Control Board, Government of
Karnataka may take appropriate measures to prevent
pollution in estuarine and coastal areas.
Action: State Rural water Supply and Sewage
Board and Pollution Control Board.
*Action plan 15: Regular monitoring,
reporting and controlling of pollution levels
Dumping of city wastes in the coastal
estuaries are great threats to their ecology and human health
Pollution from various chemicals, oil spills,
heavy metals, radio-active materials, domestic and
municipal waste, bacterial contamination etc. to be routinely monitored and the results to be brought out for public benefit in monthly
bulletins.
The local bodies to strictly enforce
pollution control measures for the sea and coastal waters. They should have stream-lined waste disposal measures.
*The discharge of factory effluents, domestic
untreated sewage into rivers, reservoirs and tanks should
be strictly controlled to protect the aquatic fauna.
Action : Pollution Control Board and Rural
Water Supply and Sewage Board.
*Coffee
planters discharging the pollutants into the stream. The action must be taken
against polluters
*The status of freshwater fish fauna was
assessed during 1963 - 65. There have been various factors
which have affected the fauna. Therefore to ascertain the present status of
freshwater fish fauna, there is urgent need to undertake a detailed survey. While undertaking the survey,
Threatened fish species may be identified.
Fish congregation areas should be
demarkated.
Natural breeding grounds in river stretches
have to be identified.
Distribution of ornamental fishes in rivers
and areas of their abundance should
be demarkated.
*Action plan: Creation of a database on
diversity of all the crop plants.
Responsibility: Departments of Agriculture and
Horticulture, to work in coordination with NGOs and
academic institutions, and knowledgeable individuals from villages.
iMethodology: The departments should maintain,
as a matter of routine, village-wise database on
cultivated biodiversity. The database has to be periodically updated. Geographic Information System (GIS) to be used for the database with the
assistance of the District NRDMS Centre, if required. It is very important to
prepare Panchayat-wise "People's
Biodiversity Registers" (PBR), in which all such information has to be recorded.
*Project: Evaluating watershed value of
forests using satellite imageries to be supported by ground
surveys.
Responsibility: Forest Department in
collaboration with scientists/local academic institutions/Centre for
Ecological Studies, IISc.
*Project: Fanner's Newsletter on traditional
agriculture
Farmer's Newsletter to cover various
traditional crop varieties, including tree crops and wild
relatives of cultivated plants
Write up on rare local varieties and the
farmers/individuals who safeguard them to be given
prominence
*Action plan: Measures for wildlife
protection
Habitat and microhabitat types of all forms
of wildlife to be identified and protected.
Eco-clubs/village wildlife protection
committees to be formed in forest villages to monitor
ecosystems, to create awareness
Local Biodiversity Management Committees and
Local Biodiversity Funds (under the provisions of the
Biological Diversity Act, 2002, to promote eco-clubs, wildlife protection
committees
Ponds in forest areas to be de-silted and
fish farming promoted under the various schemes so that
more protein food is available to the people
Markets for sea-fish selling suggested as an
ameliorative measure
Raising and protection of food plants for
wildlife in forest blanks as well as in areas dominated by
monocultures to be given due importance.
Maintenance and creation of wildlife
corridors, including micro-corridors to be considered.
Encroachers who belong to otherwise landless
categories and who have blocked important wildlife
corridors may be rehabilitated elsewhere.
*Action plan : Involvement of Indian Navy and
Coast Guard in environmental protection
The Navy to raise natural vegetation in the Project Seabird area
and in the islands such as Anjidiv.
Caution to be exercised to protect sensitive
island ecosystems such as at Netrani island in Bhatkal
reported to be affected by naval exercises, firing etc.
*Action plan: The question of shell mining
and sand mining in the coastal rivers and estuaries to
be re-examined and subjected to fresh EIA studies.
Both the activities are presently not covered
by CRZ regulations
*Belgaum
District: Mining lease renewal in Talewadi, Jamgaon, Degaon, Krishnapur.
Mahadai
Power Project, Mahadai/Bhandura/Kalsa river diversion projects
Siltation
of dams as at Kolachi Weir below Ramdurg on the Malaprab
UDUPI DISTRICT
DEPARTMENT OF PORT AND
FISHERIES, UDUPI
Rs.
450 lakhs are required for the Conservation of sea coast using modern
technology
KUNDAPUR FOREST DIVISION,
KUDDAPUR, UDUPI
Conservation
of ficus tree resources through avenue
plantation Amount Rs. 10 Lakhs
Creation
of satellite imagery data lease on boundaries of protected areas Amount Rs. 20
lakhs
Creation
of policy and regulatory framework for the protection of fresh water
biodiversity Rs. 12 lakhs.
Promotion
of sustainable utilization of timber resources Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.
Establishment
of District and Panchayat level Biodiversity Management Institution Amount Rs.
5 lakhs.
Promoting
sustainable utilization of natural population of medicinal plants Amount Rs. 10
lakhs.
Creation
of a policy and regulatory framework for the protection of biodiversity on
private, community and other non forest lands and water Amount Rs. 3 lakhs.
Creation of a policy and regulatory frame
work for joint management in biodiversity rich forest areas and protected areas
Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.
Creation
of a policy and regulatory framework for management in biodiveristy rich forest
areas Rs 10 lakhs.
Creation
of Geographic information system database on boundaries of forest and revenue
land holdings Amount 15 lakhs.
Development
of capacity building on biodiversity planning: II Government decision maker at
district and village Panchayat level Amount 5 lakhs.
Development
of capacity building on biodiversity Inventorying and Monitoring III. Folk
Ecologist Amount 5 lakhs.
Establishment
of Honge (Pongamia Pinnata and Neem (Azadiracta india) Genetic Resource centre
Amount Rs. 10 lakhs.
Conservation
of Sahyadri Ecological Sensitive Area Amount Rs. 10 lakhs.
Establishment
of Heronaries Conservation sites Amount Rs.
5 lakhs.
Compilation
of Seientific inventory Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.
Compilation
of community based inventory Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.
Identification,
Inventorying, and Monitoring of Exotic Invasive Species Amount Rs. 5 lakhs.
Establishment
of Herbaria, Museum and Electronic Database Amount Rs. 15 lakhs.
Documentation
of traditional method of Conservation- sustainable use practice Amount Rs. 5
lakhs.
Studies
on livelihood implication of biodiversity loss Amount Rs 3 lakhs
Local
capacity for development and management of Biodiversity based enterprises such
as Ecotourism Amount Rs. 3 lakhs.
Establishment
of Conservation sites protecting special habitates Amount Rs. 8 lakhs
Establishment
of Gunduthopu tree genetic diversity Conservation sites Amount Rs. 1 lakhs.
Development
of medicinal plants conservation areas Amount Rs. 2 lakhs.
Development
of medicinal plants genetic resources development centre Amount Rs. 10 lakhs.
Conservation
of Sacred Ponds, groves, trees, streams and rivers Amount Rs. 3 lakhs.
Biodiversity
friendly management of Community controlled sustainable use areas such as
village forest and grassland Amount Rs. 12 lakhs.
Control
of exotic invasive species Amount Rs. 1.00 lakhs.
Biodiversity
friendly management of private controlled woodlands such as Soppinabetta, Kumki
and hadi lands Amount Rs. 12.00 lakhs.
Establishment
of medicinal plants genetic resource centres in degraded forest areas and
avenue plantations Amount Rs. 20.00 lakhs.
Local
capability building for development and Management of Biodiversity leased
enterprises such as collection, cultivation and value addition to medicinal
plants. Amount Rs. 5 lakhs
Development
of capacity on biodiversity Inventorying and Monitoring in Government agency
Personnel Amount Rs. 8 lakhs.
TOTAL AMOUNT REQUIRED RS.
333 Lakhs.
3. COASTAL REGULATORY ZONE
(CRZ)
Creation
of satellite imagery data lease on coastal zone and documentation of HTL, LTL
and NDZ areas in village maps etc. Amount Rs. 10 lakhs.
Raising
and maintaining of Mangrove forests coming in CRZ areas on river belts over 100
ha @ Rs. 10,000/- per ha. Amount Rs 10 lakhs.
Raising
Casuarina plantation in CRZ areas all along the coast in the district over 100
ha @ Rs. 10,000/- per ha Amount Rs. 10 lakhs
Creation
of Geographic Information system database for effective identification and
marking of Geostationery Positions in maps and fields accurately Amount Rs. 20
lakhs
Maintenance
of details regarding salinity in river upstreams for CRZ identifications Rs. 4
lakhs.
Promotion
of public Awareness Programme through notices, booklets, workshops, meetings
and electronic media etc. Amount Rs. 2 lakhs.
Compilation
of scientific inventory Amount Rs. 2 lakhs
Establishment
of Turtle breeding beaches conservation sites Amount Rs 2 lakhs.
TOTAL AMOUNT REQUIRED: RS 60
Lakhas
MINOR IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT
Sea
Erosion Regulation Sub-Division, Udupi
The
department is managing 14 salt-water Preventing dams, 29 vented dams and 4
tanks in udupi, Kundapur and Karkala taluks.
Creation
of fish- ladders for the breeding of fishes
and conservation of aquatic organism in downstream of vented dams and tanks are
very essential Rs 50,000/- is required for the construction of conerete
fish-ladders per vented dams/ tank.
5. INFORMATION DEPARTMENT
Creation
of publicity Assistant Post Amount required Rs. 87,000/- per year
Creation
of a post of Assostant Director at the scale of Rs 5575- 10,620.
Creation
of a post of Information Assistant at
the scale of Rs 4575- 8400
Creation
of Information Assistant for each taluk Panchayat at the scale of
Rs.
4575- 8400.
6. WOMEN AND CHILDREN
WELFARE DEPARTMENT.
Amount required for Training
Programme in Udupi District.
1.
Environment Conservation and Biodiversity Coservation Rs. 2,64,000
DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM
of Rs. 6000-11,200
Tourist
officer @ scale of Rs. 4575-8400
Tourism
Promotor @ scale of Rs. 3000-5450
‘D’
Category Post @ scale of Rs. 2500-3850
TOTAL
Expenditure/ Year Rs. 3,08,905- 00
Opening
an Information Centre at Udupi Railway Station
Tourist
Promotor @ scale of Rs. 3000-5450
‘D’
Category Post @ scale of Rs 2500- 3850
TOTAL
Expenditure/ Year Rs. 1,05,966-00
Posts
for the office of the Deputy Director 2 Clerk-cum- Typist Posts
TOTAL
Expenditure/ Year Rs. 1,15, 140-00
For
Conducting Workshop @ one workshop/ Month.
TOTAL
Expenditure Rs. 1,20,000/-
8.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
Training
Programme for Teachers
Organizing
Programmes for the N.S.S, Sout-Guides, N.C.C. and for
Resource
Persons and Social Workers Rs.
2,00,000-00.
School
towards Community and Return to School Programme:
Organizing
training Programme for 1000 teachers of 142 Grama
Panchayats Rs.
5,00,000-00
Organizing
Awareness Progamme and Information Dissemination
Programme
on Health and Cleanliness, Air and Water Pollution, Horticulture,
Environment
friendly livelihood, Energy, Rain water Harvesting, Use and
Management
of plastic, priological Agriculture etc Rs.
12,00,000-00
9. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
FAMILY WELFARE
Effect
on Health due to loss of Biodiversity: Training the officers and
staff
of Health Department on the effect of Health due to loss of Biodiversity.
The
cost of the educational materials for the training Programme.
Approximate
Expenditure Rs.
5,00,000-00
Cleaning
the environment of Health Organization: Deweeding the
environment
of Health organization and cultivating the Medicinal
Plants
and conserving them.
Approximate
Expenditure Rs.
3,00,000-00
Management
of Biomedical wastes: Training the officers and staff for
proper
disposal of Biomedical waste Rs.
3,00,000-00
Approximate
cost of the material required for the disposal of
biomedical
waste Rs.
3,00,000-00
Regulation
of Harful organisms on Health: For undertaking biological
control
of vectors such as mosquitoes, Houseflies, Leeches etc and
training
the staff on such programme.
Approximate
Expenditue Rs.10,00,000-00
Analysis
of Purity of Drinking water and regulation of diseases:
Organizing
Programmes at the rural areas and at the district level for
analyzing
the quality of water Rs.
4,00,000-00
10. UDUPI CITY MUNICIPALITY
Mannapalla
of Manipal. As a part of the development of Urban forestry, development of
forest plantation and growing useful trees:
Amount
required-------------------------- Rs.
2 lakhs
Development
of Garden in 1 acre 7 cents land donated by the Sode Vadiraja Mata to the
Municipality at subramanya Nagara.
Amount
Required: Rs.
2 lakhs
Development
of Arboratum in Doddana Gudde Privately owned land, now improved by the Housing
Board
Amount
Required: Rs.
50,000-00
Development
of Arboratum in Ajjarakadu and Priofriendly electrification
Amount
Required: Rs.
10,000,00-00
Development
of a Garden in 35 cents land in Padmanabhanagara in 76 Badagubettu village
Amount
Required: Rs.
50,000-00
Chikamagalur
District:
1. Upgrading
Botanic Gardens, Zoos & Safari Parks
No zoos and safari parks in Chikmagalur
district
A Medicianl plant garden comprising 50 Charaka Ganas is present at
Kelgur
Mattavara Information Centre serves to
disseminate knowledge about forests to school children
and public.
Mattavara was a degraded forest about 10
year's back. With the protection provided, the area is returning to normal with the return of animals
and birds.
2. Conservation
of Ficus tree resources through
avenue plantations
• Ficus trees are keystone species providing food for many
birds, Insects etc. Examples are
Atti, Goli, Basari, Arali, Kari Basari etc.
3. Creation
of a Policy and regulatory Framework for the protecton of freshwater biodiversity
Coffee planters after pulping are discharging
the pollutants into the streams To prevent this
law in force should be strictly enforced.
Siltation of streams and rivers has resulted in the disappearance
of deep pools meant for spawning of Mahsheer fish. It should be addressed on
priority.
Sacred ponds for breeding Mahsheer fish at
Sringeri should be preserved and protected.
4. Promoting
sustainable utilization of Timber resources
There is a tendency among the coffee planters
to go for planting species like Silver Oak, Balanji
and Halavana etc., at the cost of the native species resulting in monoculture.
Modest felling of dead trees creates canopy
opening resulting in fast regeneration of young trees.
5. Promoting
sustainable utilization of NTFPs
The private stakeholders such as
Pharmaceutical companies etc. should be asked to grow
raw-materials required for their own use, instead of depending on forest areas for the same.
NTFP collectors sometimes set forest fire
resulting in the loss of valuable fauna and flora.
Sustainable harvesting practices to be
practiced and monitored
6. Establishment
of State, District, Panchayat level Biodiversity Management committees
• It is better to strengthen the existing
institutions like VCFs rather than creating new bodies.
7. Promoting
sustainable utilization of natural population of medicinal plants
Medicinal plant conservation areas have been
established by KFD at 13 RFs in collaboration with FRLHT. These
MPCAs have attached nurseries where thousands of
saplings of over hundred medicinal plants including 30 Red listed species are raised.
It is very difficult to promote sustainable
utilization of natural population of medicinal plants
due to overriding commercial concerns of agencies involved. These agencies should be asked to grow their own raw materials rather
than harvesting the existing natural crops. Sustainable use is not possible when commercial considerations take over.
8. Formulation
of Guidelines on compensatory activities to offset biodiversity loss.
• Biodiversity has
eroded because of excessive harvesting of various species. If foolproof protection is given, the biodiversity is
restored as has happened in Mattavara,
Brahmasandra and Bukkasandra etc.
9. Development
of Capacity on Biodiversity Planning. I:Private stakeholders
• There is a need to involve private sector
stakeholders such as Pharmaceuticals, bioinformatics, biocosmetics, seed
or ecotourism companies. KFD may assist these
private stakeholders.
10. Compilation
of a scientific inventroy
• It would be better to involve the departments
like forest, fisheries, agriculture, Botanical
and Zoological Surveys, Agricultural universities and Research Wings.
11. Studies
on livelihood implications of Biodiversity loss
• Folk healers (Naati vaidya) using medicinal plants
from forests, traditional fishermen
and marginal farmers growing agrobiodiversity, bamboo artisans, bobbin wood makers etc. are the worst affected
community by the loss of biodiversity.
12. Local
capacity building for development and Management of Biodiversity based enterprises such as Ecotourism
• Mullayyanagiri, Kallathigiri, Charmadi Ghats,
Hebbe falls, various Sholas, Kudremkh National Park, Bhadra Wildlife
Sanctuary etc. have great potential for
ecotourism.
13. Development
of Medicinal Plant Conservation Areas
Kelgur medicinal plantation is to be
developed into MPCAs.
Balur Social forestry block as a whole can be
developed as Medicinal Plant conservation Area.
Naati vaidyas need to be recognized and
encouraged locally.
14. Establishment
of bat colonies conservation sites
Bat colonies found on the trees in
Municipality office, DC's residence. DCFs office premises
need to be maintained and protected.
Bat colonies are also found in townships
including Kadur, Sakrepatna and Tarikere.
15. Conservation
of sacred trees
• The Forest Department and the Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) must take strict action for conserving
sacred trees. All kinds of hunting and felling of trees must be regulated.
2. DISTRICT HEALTH AND FAMILY
WELFARE DEPARTMENT
1. Studies on health
implications of biodiversity loss
The implications of biodiversity loss on
human health are well known and to improve the health
conserving the biodiversity of the locality is quite essential. Plants providing
food, timber, medicine,
shade and other ornamental plants
must be grown and conserved wherever possible.
The District Government Hospital, Taluk
Government Hospital and Primary Health Centres have
proposed an action plan for planting vegetation yielding flowers, fruits,
medicine, timber, vegetables etc. in their
respective compounds and the same is forwarded to the
authorities for necessary funding and actions. The loss of fishes in the water bodies has resulted
in the increased incidence of epidemic
diseases including Malaria and Filaria.
The introduction of larvivorous fishes such as Guppies, Gambusia
etc. would certainly help in the biological
control of insect larvae, particularly of mosquitoes.
Chikmagalur District has 48 Primary Health
Centres. A detailed action plan is provided to improve
the biodiversity of respective localities by planting flower, fruit, timber, food, medicine, and vegetable yielding plants for improving the biodiversity.
The budgetary provision needed for the
implementation of the proposed action plan: Rs.20,848,55-00.
3. WOMEN
AND CHILDREN WELFARE DEPARTMENT
1170 'Anganavadi' Centres and 1320 'Stree
Shakti' self-help groups are functioning in the district. Through these
organizations, biodiversity conservation programmes may be undertaken.
With the help of horticulture and forest
departments fodder and fuelwood yielding plants may be cultivated and this will
reduce the pressure on the natural vegetation and thus indirectly
help in the conservation of biodiversity.
4. SCHEDULED
TRIBES WELFARE PROGRAMME
12 Residential Schools. 6 Hostels, 1 Morarjee
Desai Model Residential School are functioning in the
district. 2 LAMPS Societies are also functioning. Through these biodiversity conservation prgogrammes can be undertaken. With the help of Horticulture
and Forest Departments fodder and fuelwood yielding plants may be
cultivated and this in turn will reduce the pressure on the natural vegetation and thus indirectly help in the conservation of biodiversity The biodiversity conservation programmes may be undertaken in localities where
empty land is available, with the help of Horticulture and Agriculture Departments.
5. KANNADA
AND CULTURE DEPARTMENT
Programmes such as doll show, folk song.
Haikathe, street drama may be organized to create awareness for
biodiversity conservation.
To undertake
environmental/ecosystem/biodiversity awareness programmes in 7 taluks of
the district a sum of Rs.12 lakhs is requied.
6. PREUNIVERSITY
AND PUBLIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Organizing biodiversity related programmes
through Eco-clubs and science associations.
Motivating Guides and Scouts for planting
various species in the school garden
Documentation
of biodiversity elements through
students under the guidance of
teachers
Organizing tours to wildlife Sanctuaries, Botanical Gadens and
Zoological Parks for listing the plants and
animals and their important characteristics.
Providing fencing and water facilities to school gardens for
conservation of species.
Each School may be provided a sum of Rs.1000/-
to undertake the ecodevelopment programme.
7. SOCIAL
WELFARE DEPARTMENT
• The department is running 127 educational
institutions. About 80 percent of these institutions have their own buildings and
sufficient space is
available in most of the institutions,
particularly in hostels, where plant growing programmes
can be undertaken.
• In about 80 hostel premises, a minimum of
3200 plants can be grown, @ 40 plants per hostel. In addition, each
of the Morarjee Desai Model Residntial Schools own about 20-25 acres of land and
altogether there are four such schools in the
district. The indigenous plants such as mango, neem, jackfruit, tamarind etc. can be grown in all vacant areas of these
schools with the help of Forest
Department. The responsibility of maintenance
may be given to the students, the staff members and the officials of the Taluk level Social Welfare
Officers. Since such a project has
not been envisaged in other districts in the state, the Chikmagalur District can take up the project.
8. DISTRICT
INDUSTRIAL CENTRE
Bee-keeping
Honey bees besides yielding honey, play an
important role in pollination, especially of horticultural crops. In
recent years, due to the extensive use of pesticides and also due to mite
infections, the bee keeping has been greatly affected. Therefore, a research project may be undertaken to combat the diseases
inflicting the honeybees, under the
proposed action plan.
9. DEPARTMENT
OF FACTORIES AND BIOLERS
In Chikmagalur District, out of 52
registered factories, only 5 factories have been identified as
hazardous factories as per the provisions of sections 2(cb) of the Factories Act.
'The Environmental Protection Act, 1986'
passed by the Government of India, has been in
forefront, insisting on various protective measures to be taken by the industrial establishments in the formation of a series of related rules.
The on site Emergency Management Plan (BMP)
include mock rehearsals once in 6 months, regular
safety training classes to impart awareness with regards to the safety, health and environment by the accidents.
10. MANGALORE
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY COMPANY LTD. (MESCOM)
The item No. 15 (Conservation of Special Security Areas) does not
come under MESCOM. It comes under the perview of the Karnataka Power
Corporation (KPC). While drawing the
electric lines, only branches of the trees along the line are cut, but not the trees. The department is doing its best
for the conservation of the environment.
11. FISHERIES
DEPARTMENT
• Promoting sustainable utilization of freshwater fish and shellfish populations.
This includes banning fishing in ponds and
reservoirs during the breeding season and also regulating
the size of the eye of the fishing net. Besides, involving fisherman as
stakeholders and imparting awareness programmes of sustainable utilization offishery resources would be
considered under the action plan.
Grant required for the programme: Rs.50,000-00
• Institutional
Capacity developpment for civic bodies
Giving the management of freshwater bioresources to the local
institutions and organizations such a JFMs,
Joint Fishery Management Committees etc. on contract basis. This will
help to conserve the Freshwater bioresources.
• Creation
of policy and regulatory framework for the protection of freshwater
biodiversity.
The local organizations, Research Centres and
Fisheries Department should jointly work for the conservation of
freshwater biodiversity, which would include: (i) fishing period (ii) fishing
method (iii) proper utilization of water. The joint management
committees may be accorded social recognition by awarding
special prizes for their sincere efforts for conservation of bioresources. Grant required for the programme: Rs.50,000-00
• Development
of a Realistic System of Economic Instruments such as access fees, incentives to encourage prudent
and penulties to discourage non-sustainable utilization of
Biological Resources and Biodiversity.
Grant required for the Programme: Rs.50,000-00
•
12. AGRICULTURE REGULATED MARKETS
Six Agricultureal Produce Marketing Committes are functioning in
the district. Excepting Koppa and Sringeri,
the remaining four marketing societies have a minimum of 4 acres and a maximum of 24 acres of land. By planting fruit yielding
and shade giving trees in the vacant land and also on either side of the roads, the biodiversity of the area could be
improved. By providing adequate drainage
in the market yards, the pollution can be regulated
13. INFORMATION
DEPARTMENT
• Formation
of a committee to develop curricula and educational material
Information Department is playing a key role in dissemination of
information pertaining to the developmental
projects of the government to the rural masses. In addition, the department is organizing video shows,
discussion meetings in educational
institutions pertaining to developmental projects of the Government, health, education, culture etc.
If the department has necessary funds for
developing various information materials including video- cassettes,
booklets, pamphlets etc., awareness programmes can be
effectively implemented.
POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
• Identification
and inventorying of biodiversity indicators of Pollution
It is essential to identify and inventory the
sensitive species of Flora and Fauna in ific locality
Promotion of NGOs, role in
enhancing the quality of monitoring of pollution impacts on biodiversity
One or two NGOs, which have sincerity in
purpose, will have to be identified and registered with
the pollution Control Board. The registered NGOs representatives can do the data collection.
• Enhancing the Quality of Environment Impact
Assessment
Many institutions and private persons are
currently doing environmental impact Assessment. The competence of the
institutions and the people are questionable. Hence,
agencies with capabilities and the people who are qualified to do the impact
assessment must be identified. These agencies or the persons must be registered with the government and their services
must be availed when necessary.
• Promomtion of NGOs role in
enhancing the quality of Environmental Impact assessment Exercises
Most of the NGOs are activists, but do not
have the scientific or academic capability to
conduct an effective EIA. Hence, it is essential for the Government to identify NGOs of this standard like BNHS, University of Mysore, Indian Institute of Science etc.15. URBAN
DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
The urban development is not undertaking any
one of the items listed in the brochure provided. However,
the department will take necessary steps to conserve and develop Roadside Avenue
trees and reserve place for the development of gardens in suitable locations.
16. LABOUR
DEPARTMENT
Eventhough the labour Department is not
included in the Biodiversity Action Plan, the
department is duty bound to provide information to the labourers to maintain clean environment.
17. MINOR
IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT
There are 122 large ponds and 70 pickup
tanks providing irrigation water for 26,000 hectares. Malnad area of the
watershed harbour rich biodiversity including medicinal plants, fresh water
fishes, crabs, frogs, insects and rich vegetation. On priority basis, the irrigation department can take up the following action plans:
Providing water for medicinal plants
genetic resources in
irrigation tank catchment areas.
Maintaining water level beneath the outlet
of ponds for the survival of the aquatic organisms.
The district has sacred rivers like Tunga,
Bhadra, Hemavathi and in addition there are a number of tanks and ponds in the
course of these rivers. To prevent siltation o
rivers and ponds planting trees on the blanks and and bunds will be taken up.
The district has several ancient ponds
located in the premises of old temples and some in the centre
of the villages. These provide water
for the people and the cattle. It is necessary to undertake desilting to increase
the ground water level.
Establishment of 'Gunduthopu' tree genetic
diversity conservation sites in the vacant areas
surrounding the ponds and tanks would reduce pollution and also add aesthetic value to the regions.
Establishment of irrigation tanks
biodiversity conservation sites wherever possible.
Creation of satellite imagery based database
on boundaries of wetlands would help to take up
precautionary measures.
Grants needed for the above action plans: Rs. 90 lakhs.
18. BACKWARD CLASSES AND MINORITIES DEPARTMENT
The department is running 50 pre-metric hostels, 10 post-metric
hostels, 1 Morarjee Desai Model Residential School and 3 Ashrama schools. Of the above mentioned 64 educational institutions, 33 institutions were built on own land. Since
sufficient vacant land is available around the educational buildings, an action
plan can be drawn for the cultivation
plants, especially the herbal gardens with the support of forest department.
The Morarjee Desai Model Residential School
owns 13 acres of land. In the vacant land surrounding the building plants
such as the mango, neem, jackfruit, tamarind and coconut may be grown.
The responsibility of raising herbal gardens,
plantations etc. can be given to the students of the
hostels, staff and the supervisors.
19. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT
This department is husbanding domesticated animals such as cow,
buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, rabbit, horse, ass,
dog, domestic fowl etc.
There are two traditional varieties of cows,
namely, 'Amrith Mahal' and 'Malnad Gidda'. The
characteristic features of Amrithmahal has been scientifically studied and
documented. There is need to study the characteristic features of Malnad Gidda.
The Government Karnataka has established a
Centre for the development of Amrith Mahal breed in Ajjampura in Chikmagalur district.
2585-hectare area has been reserved for the
development of Amrith Mahal breed.
A semen collection centre has been
established at Birur for the development of Amrith Mahal breed
through artificial insemination.
There is a need for the conservation of
Amrith Mahal breed through 'watchers' by
creating trenches for preventing the access to other
breeds of cattle. Ajjampura watch centre has been completed and there is a
need for making watch centres at Lingadahalli, Basur and Birur.
Grants required for the establishment of
watch centres at Lingadahalli, Baasur and Birur: Rs. 28 1akhs.
Grants required for strengthening Semen
collection centre at Birur: Rs. 45
lakhs.
Development of Malnad Gidda Breed
Malnad Gidda breed occurs in manad Taluks,
including sringeri, N. R. Pura, Koppa, Moodigere
and Chikmagalur.
Grants needed for the development of Malnad
Gidda Breed: Rs. 2 lakh.Kodagu District:1.Proposals submitted by Development
departments.1.Forest Department.
A. Social Forest Division:
Notionai Budget (Lakhs)Conservation of
Ficus tree resources through avenue plantations. 1.50
Promoting sustainable utilization of timber
resources. 37.50
Promoting sustainable utilization of
non-timber forest products. 3.45
Promoting sustainable utilization of natural
population of
Medicinal plants 3.75
Conservation of Sacred groves. 25.00
Soil and water Conservation works. 3.00
Fire protection measures. 6.00
80.20
*PIan out lay for 5 year period 401 lakhs.
B.Wild life Division:
1.Conservation of Ficus tree resources 3.00
2.Creation of a GIS database on boundaries of
forest and revenue land
holdings.
6.00
3.Creation of policy and regulatory framework
for management of biodiversity in forest
area. 10.00
4.Local capacity building for development and
management of biodiversity
based enterprises such as ecotourism. 2.00
*Plan outlay— 21 lakhs.
21 00
C.Silviculture Division:
1 .Establishment of Honge genetic center 2.00
2.Establishment of Bevu genetic resource unit 2.00
3.Promoting sustainable utilization of
natural population of medicinal plants.
2.00
4.Promoting sustainable utilization of
non-timber forest products. 10.00
16.00
Plan outlay for 5
years—16 lakhs.
·
RAIN WATER
HARVESTING
Nirmala Kodagu, an NGO,
working to improve the environment of Kodagu District, has submitted the
Rainwater Harvesting Project proposal to the Deputy commissioner of Kodagu
District on 9 April 2002.
Kodagu being the catchment
area of river Cauvery, it requires rainwater-harvesting system. Artificial ground water recharge systems
with rapid percolation pits to recharge the perennial water sources need to be
commissioned. PWD and Zilla Panchayat could
implement this during their road construction and other developmental
work. This would not only help to
maintain satisfactory ground water level, but also would prevent occurrence of
flood and drought. This would also
overcome the drinking water problem in the district.
Nirmala Kodagu working in the field of
environment in the district is willing to join the district administration in
implementing rainwater/roof water harvesting in private lands, large community
buildings and institutional buildings.
This would yield the following results:
·
Maintain
the ground water table in the catchment area of River Cauvery
·
Sustainable
water to the farming community in both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
·
Recharging
of the open wells and bore wells
·
Regular
flow of water in all the tributaries of River Cauvery
·
Reduces
flooding of Rivers
·
Reduces
soil erosion
·
Improves
the quality of water
·
Mitigates
the effects of drought
Gulbarga District:
Action
plans-
Action Plans with respect to different department of the state: (From
RDPR)
Activity |
Distribution of Functions |
||
Zilla Panchayat |
Taluk Panchayat |
Grama Panchayat |
|
Increasing Agricultural
Production |
1. Prepare
comprehensive crop plan 2. Develop and
maintain data base for cropping pattern, land use and inputs use for planning 3. Organise Kisan
Melas, Fairs and Exhibitions 4. Protect
bio-diversity 5. Promote
profitable crop technologies |
1. Assist ZP in
organising Farmers fairs, Kisan Melas, etc. 2. Organise on-farm
verification trials and demonstration of new technologies 3. Report and
initiate action plans for different items 4. Coordinate
activities of field level extension workers and officials 5. Act as a link
between ZP and GPs for transfer of knowledge, 6. Help in crop
yield estimation through maintaining links with various agencies, GPs and
farmers, 7. Advise suitable
cropping system based on location specific characteristics. 8. Arrange awards
to progressive farmers. |
1. Estimate crop
yield and maintain data base regarding crops and cropping pattern ,2. Assist in
preparation of crop plan ,3. Assist in
advising farmers about remunerative crop activities and crop diversification 4. Assist in
identifying progressive farmers for adoption and diffusion of new
technologies 5. Help in
providing custom hiring services for plant protection equipment and farm
implements 6. Generate
awareness in use of organic fertilisers and vermiculture |
Assessment and Distribution
of Inputs |
1. Prepare
consolidated plan for input requirement 2. Acquire and
arrange distribution of inputs in time 3. Improve adequate
storage facilities for inputs 4. Monitor
distribution of quality inputs |
1. Assess inputs
needs for GPs inputs and forward consolidated request to TP 2. Ensure timely
availability of required inputs to GPs 3. Arrange storage
and transport facilities for inputs close monitoring of inputs delivery
system |
1. Assist in
assessing needs of various such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides. 2. Assist in timely
distribution of adequate inputs to farmers |
Credit |
1. Prepare credit
plan 2. Ensure timely
credit availability and linkage between agriculture development and credit
institutions, and monitor credit mobilisation. 3. Help in
strengthening of cooperative credit institutions |
1. Assist in
preparing credit plan 2. Ensure timely
credit from formal institutions. 3. Monitor credit
delivery system. |
1. Assist in
assessing credit needs of various groups of farmers and crops 2. Exercise social
control and regulate interest areas and recovery of loans from formal and
informal credit institutions, 3. Help in
formation of self-help Groups |
Extension support |
1. Maintain linkage
with research and training organizations ,2. Ensure regular
visits of extension staff and help in dissemination of new technologies. 3. Ensure regular
training of extension officials for updating their knowledge of advancements
in technologies. |
1. Prepare plan for
visit of extension workers and monitor their work. 2. Advice and
identify extension officials for training, 3. Assist
scientists in identifying local problems for designing their research work
relevant to local needs. 4. Ensure better
linkages between farmers and extension staff. 5. Operate and run
farmer service centers, Kisan Kendras and Raitha Samparka Kendras |
1. Monitor the
visit of extension workers to the village farms. 2. Identify
suitable plots for conducting trials and demonstration 3. Select farmers
for participating in Kisan melas and training. |
Soil Testing Soil Testing |
Establish
soil-testing laboratories. Monitor soil
testing work |
Monitor Soil
testing work Help in identifying
locations for soil testing work Help farmers for
improvement of soil fertility in consonance with soil testing results |
Assist technical
experts in conducting soil tests. Help in ensuring
feed back from soil testing to farmers. |
Post-harvest management |
1. Establish and
improve storage facilities 2. Develop
marketing infrastructure at suitable locations 3. Monitor
regulated marketing 4. Ensure correct
weights and measures. |
1. Maintain godowns 2. Organize
marketing committees and maintain market yards 3. Regulate market
charges and ensure correct weights and measures 4. Provide, manage
and run market information systems 5. Ensure prompt
payment to the farmers |
1. Help in
organizing farmers for group sale in bulk 2. Assist in increasing
awareness about better storage facilities for seeds and food grains. |
Risk Management |
1. Assess losses
due to natural calamities and formulate relief plan 2. Monitor and
supervise relief operations |
1. Estimate crop
losses and report action taken, 2. Monitor relief
operations. 3. Assist in
providing benefits from Crop insurance schemes. 4. Arrange crop
insurance schemes and coordinate among insurance agencies 5. Prepare
contingency agricultural plan |
1. Report losses
due to natural calamities and relief requirements 2. Supervise relief
operations and distribution of material 3. Motivate and
help in identifying farmers to take up crop insurance schemes. 4. Assist in the
implementation of contingency plan |
Item: 2- LAND IMPROVEMENT, IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND REFORMS,
LAND CONSOLIDATION AND SOIL CONSERVATION
Activity |
Distribution of Functions |
||
Zilla Panchayat |
Taluk Panchayat |
Grama Panchayat |
|
Implementation of Land
ceiling measures |
1. Coordinate
with legally constituted machinery in all stages of its work and render
necessary assistance to it either directly or through the TP and the GP as
the case may be 2. Create
Public opinion in favour of land ceiling and other measures of land reforms, 3. Monitor
work in the ZP area and advise TPs and GPs on matters relating to
implementation and monitoring. |
1. Assist the
legal machinery in conduct of legal proceedings (e.g. publication of notices
in the entire area, identification of land in different GP areas etc.) 2. Co-ordinate
the work between the GPs. 3. Compile GP
wise data on land ceiling measures and individual monitoring progress of such
measures for the TP area. 4. Assist the
ZP in monitoring for the entire ZP Area |
1. Identify
potential surplus land owners and their total land in the GP area, 2. Assist the
legal machinery in conduct of legal proceedings. 3. Identify
families and individuals needing allotment of land. 4. Assist in
organizing land development and productivity raising measures for allottees
or groups of them. |
Implementation of Tenancy
Measures |
1. Coordinate
with the legally constituted machinery in all stages of its work and
rendering of necessary assistance to it either directly or through the TP and
the GP as the case may be, 2. Create of
public opinion for facilitating the work 3. Monitor
work in the ZP area and advise TPs and GPs on matters relating to
implementation and monitoring. |
1. Assist the legal
machinery in its tasks |
1. Assist in
identification of tenancy including share-tenancy status, open as well as
clandestine, 2. Assist the
legal machinery in its task of securing as well as regulating tenancy rights,
or conferring ownership rights. 3. Create
public opinion and marshal of documentary and non-documentary evidence,
particularly on the issue of use of the lands concerned. |
Land Consolidation |
1. Create
public opinion in relation to consolidation about to be undertaken or ongoing 2. Educate and
inform land holders and land users how and when they are involved. 3. Monitor the
operation in association with TPs and GPs. |
1. Provide
assistance to the legal machinery for consolidation 2. Coordinate
with the legal machinery on a continuing basis |
1. Secure
active and continuing involvement of inhabitants of the local area at
different stages of the operations, 2. Assist the
legal machinery in compilation of undocumented data on issues such as
possession and use of land, different gradation of land rights, status of
common land and other common property 3. Assist the
legal machinery in ensuring that after consolidation of assigned plots or
holdings possession actually accords with the implemented scheme of
consolidation. |
Participation in updating
and maintenance Land records |
1. Coordinate with the
designated legal machinery and official agencies working outside the ambit of
the ZP administration |
1. Assist GPs
and other designated machinery in the maintenance and updating of records of
ownership, possession etc. 2. Maintain
updated records for the entire TP area for easy reference to them by the
local inhabitants. |
1. Assist in
continuous updating of data relating to seasonwise use of agricultural land. 2.
Periodically update the data relating to the actual status of village common
land such as pasture, wasteland, water reservoirs, waterways, roads,
embankments, etc. 3. Assist the
legal machinery in updating of land records (record-of-rights) and mutation
proceedings |
Protection and Maintenance
of Village Commons etc. |
1. Guide and
coordinate the work of GPs & IPs. 2. Provide
legal administrative and financial assistance to GPs & TPs as far as
practicable, in the conduct of legal proceedings 3. Decide on
disposal of village common property or their conversion to other uses with
the concurrence of the GP concerned. |
1. Coordinate
the work of GPs where inter-GP collaboration is needed. 2. Coordinate
with the legally constituted machinery involved in the matter |
1. Primary
responsibility for keeping all common property of local nature in good
condition. 2. Keep watch
over them so that they are not encroached upon or converted to uses not in
the interest of the community . 3. Identify
encroachment as well as conversion of illegal or wrong uses of commons and
take action to evict such encroachers* 4. Provide
assistance in and collection of evidence towards the conduct of the proceedings
by such authority. |
* Once we agree that land has to be within the Panchayat's
administration, then one must make it clear that it is their duty to conduct
eviction proceedings. This ensures greater credibility as far as recovery of
taxes and land user charges are concerned.
Soil Conservation |
1. Preparate
district plan for soil and water conservation projects. 2. Desegrete
this plan into TP level, GP level or even lower level deliverable units, 3. Harmonise
the plan with other employment generating as well as area development plans
Coordination with various agencies of the ZP as well as the district
administration who will either participate in or whose work will impinge upon
the implementation of the plan |
1. Coordinate
with officials of soil conservation machinery. 2. Inter GP
coordination for smoothly carrying out soil conservation operations cutting
across GP boundaries including creation of water channels |
1. Assist the
professional/official machinery for soil conservation work through helping group
action by land owners, 2. Direct
assistance in implementation e.g., organising owner labour as part of
contributions of the cost of operations, 3. Post
conservation vigilance to ensure that work done is not undone once again, 4. Create
public opinion in favour of use of soil only in consonance with its
properties, gradients etc., 5. Distribute
subsidies and other assistance according to determined scales and priorities |
ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY DAIRYING AND POULTRY
Activity |
Distribution of Functions |
||
Zilla Panchayat |
Taluk Panchayat |
Grama Panchayat |
|
Development of livestock |
1. Assess the need and
formulate projects for the establishment, improvement and maintenance of
breeding farms for cattle, sheep, goats and hatcheries, |
1. Distribute
quality breeds to beneficiaries under various programmes 2. Propagate
improved breed of livestock among farmers |
1. Assist in
identification of beneficiaries under various programmes 2. Motivate
people to maintain quality breeds and adopt modern methods of maintaining livestock. |
Veterinary Services |
1. Establish,
improve and maintain veterinary hospitals, Dispensaries, Rural Livestock
Units (RLUs) and AI Centres, 2. Procure and
supply medicines, equipment and other materials to hospitals, dispensaries,
RLUs and AI Centres 3. Monitor the
functions of veterinary services. |
1. Supervise
the functioning of veterinary services in the TP, 2. Maintain
mobile veterinary unit to provide veterinary care and control diseases and
epidemics. |
1. Supervise
the functioning of RLU and AI service centres, 2. Report
out-break of diseases and epidemics. |
Feeding and Fodder including
support during droughts |
1. Propagate
production of nutritive fodder and promote proper feeding of animals, 2. Procure and
establish fodder banks in drought areas |
1. Organise
cooperatives for fodder production and provide financial assistance, 2. Supply
improved variety of fodder seeds, 3. Propagate
modern methods of feeding to improve livestock productivity, 4. Supply
fodder during droughts. |
1. Help in establishing
cooperative fodder farm 2. Allocate
community land for fodder production. 3. Control
grazing and improve grazing and pasture lands. 4. Distribute
fodder during droughts. |
Dairy Development |
1. Develop and assist Dairy
Development Boards or Cooperatives in the development of infrastructure for
milk collection, collection centres, transportation and processing. |
1. Develop and
open new milk routes for milk collection, 2. Promote
milk producers, cooperative societies 3. Ensure
timely payment to milk producers 4. This has to
be done at GP level 5. supply
quality milch animals. |
1. Assist in
organizing milk producers cooperative societies, 2. identify
beneficiaries for dairy development programme 3. Select
beneficiaries under various programmes |
Poultry Development |
1. Develop
infrastructure for poultry farming. 2. Production
and supply of quality chicks to poultry farmers. |
1. Train
Poultry farmers, 2. Arrange for
the supply of poultry feed. |
1. Identify
beneficiaries for poultry farming. 2. Allot or
lease community land for establishing poultry complex. 3. Select
beneficiaries and establish poultry complexes for them under various
programmes. |
ITEM :5- FISHERIES
Activity |
Distribution of Functions |
||
Zilla Panchayat |
Taluk Panchayat |
Grama Panchayat |
|
Developing of Inland Fisheries |
1. Formulate
Projects for fisheries development. 2. Technically
appraise and approve projects for development of inland water bodies for
fisheries 3. Establish
fish seed production farms. 4. Formulate
Projects for fisheries development. 5. Arrange
training of fishermen in modern management techniques for fish production. 6. Procure and
supply fishing equipment for distribution among selected fishermen's
cooperatives and beneficiaries. 7. Monitor and
supervise plan implementation. |
1. Select
beneficiaries for fisheries training. 2. Organise
fishermen's cooperatives. 3. Distribute
boats, nets and other equipment and give assistance to cooperatives and
beneficiaries. 4. Monitor,
supervise and report progress |
1. Develop village
pond for fisheries. 2. Lease
village ponds to fishermen's cooperatives and groups 3. Identify
beneficiaries for assistance under various programmes and assist them in
organizing fishermen's cooperatives, 4. Assist TPs
in the distribution of boats, nets and other equipment. 5. Supervise
and report progress to TPs. 6. Execute
fishpond and tank improvement projects. |
Development of Marine fisheries. |
1. Procure and
supply motorised and modern boats and equipment to selected groups of
beneficiaries and cooperatives. 2. Develop
brackish water fisheries. 3. Enforce
environmental restrictions on marine acquaculture and brackish fish
production activities 4. Install
weather forecasting and early warning system for marine fishermen. |
1. Select
sites for marine acquaculture and brackish water fishing 2. Organise
fishermen's cooperatives. 3. Distribute
boats and equipment to selected beneficiaries and cooperatives 4. Monitor
impact of marine acquaculture on environment |
1. Identify
beneficiaries and assist them in organising into fishermen's cooperatives. 2. Select
Beneficiaries for assistance 3. Distribute
boats and equipment to beneficiaries and cooperatives 4. Create
awareness for and adopt safety measures during rough weather 5. Monitor the
impact of Marine acquaculture on village environment and initiate impact
mitigation measures |
Development of Marketing Processing Infrastructure |
1. Encourage
private entrepreneurs to establish processing, packaging and storage
facilities, 2. Assist in
establishing other marketing infrastructure |
1. Organise and train
fishermen in processing, packaging and preservation of fish and fish
products, 2. Develop tie-up arrangements between fishermen and processing
units |
|
Welfare Measures |
1. Promote
group insurance schemes for fishermen, 2. Sanction
relief to affected families during natural calamities, |
1. Implement
family and group insurance schemes for fishermen. 2. Distribute
relief to families affected by calamities |
1. Encourage
fishermen to take up insurance schemes 2. Assess
loss, damage and relief requirements of families affected by calamities |
ITEM NO 6:SOCIAL
FORESTRY
Activity |
Distribution of Functions |
||
Zilla Panchayat |
Taluk Panchayat |
Grama Panchayat |
|
Social forestry and Farm
Forestry |
1. Promote
Social Forestry and Farm Forestry 2. Promote and
propagate social and farm forestry for improving ecology and environment. 3. Establish
forest nurseries for supply of seedlings and saplings for distribution, 4. Propagate
fuel fodder and timber producing plants and bio-diversity, 5. Organise
vana-mahotsava |
2. Implement
TP social forestry projects and those assigned by ZP 3. Plant trees
along roads, rails and public places. 4. Produce and
supply seedlings and saplings for social and farm forestry projects 5. Propagate fuel fodder and timber producing plants, |
1. Identify
degraded and waste lands for social and farm forestry and formulate projects
with the support of the Grama Sabha, 2. Execute
social forestry projects through village people, 3. Lease land
to groups and individuals interested in social forestry on sharing basis, 4. Encourage
private farmers for farm forestry and assist them 5. Distribute
seedlings and saplings 6. Organise
and participate in vana mahostsava 7. Ensure
adequate production of fuel , fodder and timber for local use. |
Marketing of Fuel/Fodder and
timber |
1. Establish links for
marketing of forest products |
|
1. Collect, distribute and
sell fuel, fodder and timber |
ITEM: 7- MINOR
FOREST PRODUCE
Activity |
Distribution of Functions |
||
Zilla Panchayat |
Taluk Panchayat |
Grama Panchayat |
|
Regeneration of MFP species |
1. Plan
raising MFP plantation in concentrated blocks to facilitate collection and
marketing .2. Encourage
cultivation of MFP in existing forest, degraded forest lands, barren and
uncultivable area, and community wastelands. 3. Encourage
plantation of MFP such as gum, resin, medicinal plants, aromatic plants,
leaves, oil seeds, tans and dyes, grasses, seeds, canes, bamboo, etc.
particularly in tribal areas. 4. Promoting
plantation of MFP species in drought prone, desert areas and under social
forestry activity under JGSY, particularly in tribal areas. |
1. Establish MFP nurseries
for propagation of MFP species. |
1. Assist in
identification of families willing to plant MFP species 2. Distribute
MFP seedlings for plantation. |
Training |
1. Organise training for
scientific tapping of gums, resins, and grading of MFPs |
1. Organise training at the
TP level. |
1. Select and forward
trainees names to the TP |
MFP Collection, |
1. Monitor MFP collection
activities in forest ranges, 2. Timely payment of collection |
1. Organise itemwise MFP
cooperatives like Tendu leaf |
1. Organise pruning
operation of Tendu trees before the leaf plucking season |
Processing, and marketing
charges. |
1. Set up
small scale industrial units for value addition to MFPs. 2. Fix support
prices for MFP procurement. 3. Establish
godowns for storage of MFPs. 4. Strengthen
market intelligence and market extension |
2. Ensure
value addition to MFP before it leaves the forest area |
1. Promote
collection primary processing and value addition to MFP before selling. 2. Ensure
timely payment and adequate collection charges to MFP collectors. |
ITEM: 8- SMALL
SCALE INDUSTRIES INCLUDING FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
Activity |
Distribution of Functions |
||
Zilla Panchayat |
Taluk Panchayat |
Grama Panchayat |
|
Industrial Resource
potential survey |
1. Formulate Projects by the
DIC in coordination with KVIC/KVIB and other agencies based on Industrial
Resource Potential survey. |
1. Assist industrial
resource potential survey. |
1. Assist survey and project
formulation. |
Development of
Infrastructure |
1. Develop
inter-linkages in institutions and organisations 2. Establish
small industrial estates at suitable locations and develop other related
infrastructure activities. 3. Identify
location and develop food processing complexes. |
1. Establish small rural
industrial estates and complexes, |
1. Identify suitable
locations for rural industries. |
Entrepreneur Development |
|
1. Organise
entrepreneurial Development Programmes 2. Select entrepreneurs
and encourage private investments. 3. Establish
Industrial counseling Information and guiding centres 4. Assist
entrepreneurs in formulating viable projects, and cooperative industrial
projects. |
|
Credit and financial
assistance from various Government Departments and Agencies |
1. Provide
information and guidance about credit facilities and other financial
incentives. 2. Coordinate
credit support activities with financial institutions. |
|
|
ITEM: 9- KHADI,
VILLAGE AND COTTAGE INDUSTRIES
Activity |
Distribution of Functions |
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Zilla Panchayat |
Taluk Panchayat |
Grama Panchayat |
|
Planning, Monitoring and
Supervision |
1. Consolidate
plans prepared by TPs for Khadi, Village and Cottage industries including
artisan activities. 2. Monitor and
supervise the overall progress in this sector, and ISB sector of SGSY |
1. Prepare plan for Khadi,
Village and Cottage Industries and other artisan activities integrating
schemes of other agencies such as KVIC/KVIB/ Handloom/Handicraft Development |
1. Assist TP in identifying
potential activities and formulation of projects. |
Training Skill Development
and Transfer of technology to beneficiaries |
1. Establish
and identify Training Centres for Skill Development. 2. Allocate
and sanction funds for Training and stipend to the trainees 3. Identify
appropriate technologies and arrange for their transfer to workers. |
1. Select
beneficiaries for Training and Skill development and nominate them to training
Institutes, 2. Arrange
master craftspersons 3. Pay stipend
to beneficiaries and honorarium / training cost to the trainers. 4. Transfer
and upgradation of technology in different areas of production. |
1. Identify beneficiaries
for training through Gram Sabha. |
Infrastructure Development |
. Arrange supply of raw
material, equipment, and other inputs to workers. 2. Tie up arrangements for
marketing of products through Government and non-government marketing
agencies. 3. Set up retail show rooms for products 4. Encourage cooperatives
for production and marketing of products |
1. Supply of
raw material, equipment and other inputs to beneficiary workers. 2. Coordinate
programmes of various agencies for infrastructure development such as
construction of common workplaces, worksheets and market complexes. 3. Organise
Cooperatives for production and marketing of products |
1. Assist in
Distribution of raw material equipment, etc. 2. Allow
beneficiaries to use locally available raw material 3. Construct
common worksheds / workplaces and market complexes. |
Credit and financial support |
1. Ensure
credit support through credit plan. 2. Monitor and
supervise credit flow and financial assistance from other agencies to
cooperatives and individual units. |
1. Ensure credit
support. 2. Assist
beneficiaries in formulating project plan. 3. Arrange for
subsidy and financial support under various programmes to the beneficiaries. 4. Monitor,
supervise and report progress. |
1. Identify
beneficiaries for financial support under various programmes 2. Assist loan
recovery |
Credit and financial
assistance from various Government Departments and Agencies |
1. Provide
information and guidance about credit facilities and other financial
incentives. 2. Coordinate
credit support activities with financial institutions. |
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