The Western Ghats is well known for harboring 14 endemic species of caecilian (i.e., legless amphibians out of 15 recorded from the region so far. Ecological diversity of caecilians species were studied through soil excavation and litter-search. A total of 83 individuals belonging to 9 species were collected from 24 collection spots in 8 localities distributed along the Western Ghats. The Chao's index estimates a maximum of 27 species to occur in the Western Ghats whereas the taxonomic literature so far has recorded only 15 species. Field studies and literature review indicated that 10-12 degrees N is the richest latitudinal zone while region 20 degrees northwards is the poorest recorded species richness. This pattern coincides with the increasingly drier climate towards North. At the landscape level also, caecilians prefer moist soils rich in organic carbon content. Thus, they are quite common not only in evergreen forest but also in orchards of arecanut and coconut, which have perennial water supply but without heavy chemical input.