Contents

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF NOTATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

SYNOPSIS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of adsorbate solutions
3.3. Determination of Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphur in the four husks
3.4. Infrared spectroscopic analysis
3.5. Analysis of adsorbates
3.6. Batch mode adsorption studies
3.6.1. Effect of agitation time
3.6.2. Effect of adsorbent dosage
3.6.3. pH effect
3.6.4. Desorption studies

4. RESULTS

4.1.Characteristics of the adsorbent
4.2.Infrared spectroscopic studies
4.3.Batch mode adsorption studies
4.3.1. Effect of agitation time
4.3.2. Effect of adsorbent dosage
4.3.3. Effect of pH
4.3.4. Adsorption Isotherms
4.3.5. Adsorption kinetics
4.3.6. Desorption studies

5. DISCUSSION

5.1. Characteristics of the adsorbent
5.2. Infrared Spectroscopic Studies
5.3. Batch mode studies
5.3.1. Effect of agitation time and adsorbate concentration on adsorption
5.3.2. Effect of adsorbent dosage on adsorption
5.3.3. Effect of pH on the adosrption of dyes
5.3.4. Adsorption isotherms
5.3.5. Adsorption dynamics – adsorption rate constant
5.3.6. Desorption and Regeneration studies
5.4. Mechanism of adsorption
5.4.1. Dye adsorption

6. CONCLUSIONS

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

8. REFERENCES