Subject: Sustainable - UNDP SIS Report Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------456450B867E" Status: R This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------456450B867E Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit http://www.sdnp.undp.org/sis/sis.htm --------------456450B867E Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1; name="sis.htm" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Content-Disposition: inline; filename="sis.htm" Content-Base: "http://www.sdnp.undp.org/sis/sis.htm"http://www.sdnp.undp.org/sis/sis.htm"> SIS Report
SDN Information Series
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT NETWORK
SDN INFORMATION SERIES
First Release
March 1994
Chuck Lankester
Director, Sustainable Development Network
United Nations Development Programme
304 East 45th Street, Room FF-12108
New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A.
Tel: (212) 906-5862
Fax: (212) 906-6952
![[Report Cover]](/images/siss.gif)
SDN Introduction
The SDN was conceived as a tool to help developing countries
make the best use possible of resources for sustainable
development available in the international community and at the
local and community, and national and regional levels. SDNs
also promote the communications linkages and consultative
processes and ultimately, the capacity building for this to
happen.
The SDN has been operating since 1991. Now, over 20 countries
around the world have started operations or are undertaking
feasibility studies and several more are in a pre-feasibility
phase of study. Basing its direction and focus on national
plans and policies for sustainable development, as expressed in
a national plan for Agenda 21 for example, the SDNs hope to
work with government, NGOs, the private sector, the academic,
educational and research communities as well as the
telecommunications sector.
SDN operates in close cooperation with the UNDP Capacity 21
programme which seeks to enhance the capacity of developing
countries to develop and implement policies and plans for
sustainable development.
Objectives of the SDN
i. to help facilitate access to information for users in
developing countries to move towards the goal of
sustainable development;
ii. to encourage increased communication about sustainable
development across locations, borders, regions, sectors
of economy, etc.;
iii. to enhance the capacity of national institutions to
meet their own needs for information on sustainable
development and to participate in the SDN;
iv. to help promote Agenda 21 and relevant conventions.
v. to help increase participatory decision making by
elements of civil society as a way of promoting and
acting on the principles of sustainable development.
For more information on the UNDP SDN, please write or send
electronic mail to Chuck Lankester, Director, UNDP SDN, at
United Nations Development Programme, 304 East 45 Street Room
FF-12108, New York City, NY 10025, USA, fax: (212) 906-6952,
electronic: mail chuck.lankester@undp.org. SDN information is
also available in electronic format and can be accessed in
the following ways:
1. UNDP Gopher Server: for users with full Internet
connectivity this is the most convenient way of accessing
SDN documentation. It is located under the United
Nations Development Programme Documents option in the
main Gopher menu.
The UNDP Gopher also accepts electronic mail requests for
information. This is handy for sites that do not have
access to a full connection to the Internet. To obtain
instructions on how to use this Gopher feature send a mail
message to gopher@undp.org. The server will automatically
return instructions. Note that with this method getting to
a particular file might take several mail messages.
2. SDN FTP Server: SDN is currently supporting an
experimental Internet FTP server. Users with full
Internet connectivity can FTP to server ff121.undp.org,
log in as anonymous and send their full electronic mail
address as password. SDN documentation is located in
directory SDN. Please check the file INDEX.TXT for a
short description of the available documents.
3. SDN Mail Server: SDN is also supporting a mail server.
To obtain help and instruction on how to use this service
send an electronic mail message to maiser@ff101.undp.org
with any subject and body of text HELP. To retrieve a
list of available documents send a similar message with
the command SEND INDEX.TXT. This server is available to
all sites that have electronic mail access to the
Internet; a full Internet connection is not needed.
4. Information is also available on diskette upon request.
This report is also available from these sources.
Background
The idea of a SDN SIS was proposed during the first meeting
on the Sustainable Development Network (SDN) that took place
at UNDP, New York in September 1992. This workshop endorsed
'...the concept of a starter kit, including essential
resources and training.(..)'.
Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC),
which was represented at that meeting, approached UNDP in New
York about the possibility of collaborating on the
development of such a "Kit". IDRC was interested in such an
activity as it would contribute to sustainable development
through more effective use of information in decision making
and also facilitate greater utilization of appropriate
information and communication technologies. SDN/UNDP and IDRC
agreed to collaborate on the development of this concept and
the organization of several SDN Coordinators workshops to
support that process.
The original concept of the "Starter Kit" envisaged an actual
physical box containing hardware, software, CD-ROMs,
databases, journals, monographs, and electronic files which
would be distributed to national SDN coordinating units to
"jump start" and facilitate initial operations. Through a
series of consultancies and the two SDN Coordinators
workshops, SDN/UNDP and IDRC discovered that the development
of such a "Kit" was far more complex than originally
anticipated. On the one hand, no two national SDN initiatives
had the same needs for hardware/software and information
products. On the other, developments in these areas are so
dynamic that the physical box approach could lock initiatives
in to inappropriate situations and end up wasting scarce
resources. An additional complexity would entail the actual
gathering and distribution of such a collection of products.
By the time of the Second SDN Coordinators Workshop in Bombay
in December 1993, the "Starter Kit" was being presented as a
"catalogue" of items with descriptions which would help
national coordinating units to select and obtain those items
of most value for their local contexts. Discussions at this
workshop pointed to the conclusion that there was the need
for a vehicle that would address national needs on a dynamic
and ongoing basis. Accordingly, it was decided to initiate
the SDN Information Series (SIS) as a printed product with an
electronic copy available on the sources mentioned above.
This product would take the form of monographs in some
instances (for instance in the case of workshop reports), a
journal-like publication as is the case with the present
document, or a newsletter when used to update SDN
constituencies on latest developments. In some cases SIS
issues will originate from SDN New York, in others it will
originate from individual national SDNs or collaborating
institutions. SIS issues will be produced on an ongoing but
as needed basis.
Nature and objectives of the SDN SIS
The objective of the SIS is to provide information on how to
successfully establish, manage, market and operate national
SDNs over the long term.
II. THE SIS
What will the SDN SIS look like?
Content
The SIS:
- Appears periodically as a series;
- Reports or channels, i.e. makes more accessible, news and
other information of relevance to SDNs. SDN staff and users
want to know what is happening that concerns them and the SDN
community. Most have no way of accessing this information
directly. SIS will be a vehicle for reporting on issues of
relevance. This cannot be done in isolation, so we need
information to include in SIS, an we welcome contributions
which can be received electronically as well as in other
forms;
- What news? What information?
News about sustainable development, Agenda 21, UNCED follow
up and related issues. SDNs will be interested in actions
related to Chapter 40, the 'information' chapter of Agenda 21
and SIS will help report or channel this to SDNs.
News and information on SDN and related activities. This
might include examples of messages communicated, news about
sources of funding in country and elsewhere and how to
approach these or hints on developing a request for support
or preparing a project proposal, how to negotiate
collaboration, information about establishing a
communications programme, about using information technology
and computer mediated communications to enhance the human
network, and so on.
News on connectivity and computer networking regarding all
SDN sites as they become operational and start placing and
requesting information on sustainable development. It can
also include news on related networking activities across the
globe.
Information and news about key organizations that network for
sustainable development. The SIS will track the activities of
some of the key organizations reported here and elsewhere,
for example in the Sourcebook on Sustainable Development
published by the International Institute for Sustainable
Development (IISD). Already the SDN Directorate has
encouraged key organizations of the United Nations, including
UNDP, to make their annual and other reports available in
machine readable form so that these can be more readily
disseminated. SIS could have a role to play in helping this
happen, and not only among organizations of the United
Nations.
The SIS will report on upcoming activities of relevance to
SDNs and like communities. This could be ensured through a
SIS publication, an electronic conference or newsgroup such
as an APC conference or Usenet newsgroup, an in country BBS,
and otherwise.
Much already exists and SIS will help to point these
information sources out, not by duplicating them, but by
helping SDNs gain access to them. Once again, this can only
be achieved with support from others.
- Information on how to sustain and fund the SDN:
This will include information about opportunities to
collaborate with other organizations that share the values of
the SDN and that work in a networking mode and that would be
interested in sharing resources to achieve common objectives.
This will include information on the most relevant potential
collaborators and sources of information and support for SDNs
in country and elsewhere (such as UNEP Cleaner Production,
Infoterra, World Health Organisation - Environment and Health
information for Management of Development Activities(WHO
EHMDAC), World Meterological Organization Climate Computer
network (WMO CLICOM) and HOMS, Unesco Planet Society, Food
and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and UNDP's Technical
Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC) activities,
International Labour Organisation's (ILO) 'Environment and
the World of Work', and others), how to help them become
established or more active and linked with the SDN, how to
access them and examples of how others are doing this now.
SDN Networking and Connectivity
SDN promotes the idea of computer networking for its sites
taking into account existing infrastructure. SDN is an
information network on sustainable development linking users
and information sources via computers and telecommunications.
Users of SDN facilities should have electronic access to both
national and international resources and information.
Information sharing and exchange is then a key component of
the SDN project.
Networks of several kinds have existed for quite a while.
Computer networks instead are more recent. The late 1980s
brought a boom in this process thanks in great part to the
widespread use of personal computers (PCs) all over the world
and their declining relative prices.
Nowadays, a single PC can be as powerful as one might want.
But it still has l limitations. It is certainly impossible
to store in one single unit all the information on
sustainable development, no matter how much power and storage
capacity one can purchase. Moreover, printer and file (or
information) sharing are also factors that show the limits of
a single, standalone PC machine.
Thus, connecting PCs together - networking- becomes a need
in many situations. Through the use of special software
(Network Operating Systems, NOS) and hardware (network cables
and network interface cards), connecting computers together
at the office level is a standard procedure nowadays. These
systems are known as LANs or Local Area Networks and are just
an example of how to connect computers that share the same
office space. But computers can also be connected via
telephone lines through modems.
Systems such as LANs are not designed to provide access to
remote sites. But obviously users of a given network might
need to access information and resources located in other
remote LANs. It then becomes necessary to connect not only
computers but entire networks together. By doing this an
internetwork is created. The best example of an
internetwork, though not the only one, is the Internet which
connects several thousands of networks all over the world
into a very large internetwork. On the Internet, any user of
one of the connected networks can have access to information
and resources located in other parts of the world in a few
seconds.
Both networks and internetworks require a common set of
protocols to facilitate connectivity across computers. In
simple terms, a protocol is a set of rules that allows for
communications between computers and other devices. For
example, the Internet is built upon the TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) suite of protocols which
has the peculiarity of being hardware independent. This
implies that almost any type of network (i.e., PCs,
Macintosh, IBM mainframes, minicomputers) can be readily
connected to the Internet in a rather simple form. Annual
costs for such type of connections however can be high for
many developing countries.
It is thus highly desirable for developing countries to have
some kind of access to such networks and internetworks in
order to obtain and exchange information on sustainable
development and other associated topics and to remain
connected with the mainstream of knowledge. Access to the
Internet and other related national and international
networks is a need insofar as it can provide SDN users with
the knowledge and understanding necessary for informed
decision making and policy action.
By today's standards, electronic communication via computer
networks is the most cost effective and efficient means of
communication in the world. Information dissemination and
exchange is thus facilitated at both the national and
international levels. Moreover, access to electronic
networks could help developing countries change their roles
as net exporters of information and become net importers, and
help them manage and distribute their own information sources
and resources in an autonomous manner.
Characteristics of SDN Networking and Connectivity
Networking in developing countries can present multiple
obstacles ranging from telecommunications costs to lack of
adequate technical skills and support. SDN efforts must take
into account all these factors before proposing a definitive
alternative. Consideration of existing networks and/or
current networking efforts should also be included in order
to avoid duplication, competition and resource waste.
Questions on the long term sustainability of the networks
should also be addressed from the very start.
For all these reasons SDN has no unique networking solution
for its sites. On the contrary, SDN can help on the
implementation of several networking and connectivity
solutions based on country and regional characteristics.
In any event, two levels of connectivity should be
emphasized: national networking and international access.
SDN estimates that the latter is a short run process as
international connectivity can usually be done in a short
period of time via the different available technologies (more
on this below). On the other hand, developing national
networks is a long run and sometimes expensive proposition
that requires the participation at all levels of the various
sectors of the state and civil society. This is however a
function of the current level of connectivity on any given
country. If national networking efforts are already
underway, SDN should fully support and help facilitate the
creation of a national backbone.
With this in mind, SDN sites should promote, as a minimum,
access to electronic mail and electronic conferences - such
as USENET and Econet for example. They should also provide
easy and efficient access to a wide range of local users by
giving them adequate training, technical support and access
to a user-friendly network that encourages participation and
usage.
In addition, management of relevant and up-to-date
information in the national SDN host is also a key task to be
carefully considered. Since most SDN sites will be providing
on-line and off-line information to its users, technical and
management issues regarding ways to accomplish this should be
directly addressed, including end user interface, database
and conference management, storage and backup operations,
user base management, on-line software and related tools and
utilities, etc.
It should be noted that this basic level of national and
international connectivity does not necessarily require the
implementation of an Internet node in a given country.
Alternative technologies can provide the same type of
connectivity at a lower cost with the difference that access
to the internetwork is not immediate.
Networking Options
Networks can connect to each other through a variety of means
ranging from HF or VHF radio waves (for packet radio setups)
to high-speed leased lines and satellite links (for full
Internet connections).
Many countries have their own Public Data Networks (PDNs)
which are in fact packet switching networks that use the X.25
protocol. Without entering into tedious technical details,
X.25 networks allow users to access remote hosts (national
and international) by means of a local telephone call.
Usually, PDNs are managed by the local Postal Telephone and
Telegraph (PTT) authorities which set up access levels and
pricing. X.25 access is usually expensive as users have to
pay for both time connected and volume transmitted. Besides,
running TCP/IP or UUCP protocols over X.25 protocols is not
efficient as they all have their own error correction
mechanisms that do not cooperate when used jointly.
In this context, we will discuss three alternative options of
connecting an SDN to the global internetwork and make it
part, at the same time, of the national networks being
developed or under existence. The first two make use of dial
up lines and are UUCP (Unix to Unix CoPy) and FidoNet. The
third one is implementing an Internet host on an SDN
country.
UUCP Networks
UUCP was first implemented in 1977 by A.T & T Bell
Laboratories for UNIX systems. It latter became part of most
Unix operating systems, which are available on the market
today. UUCP is known as a "store and forward" network that
provides access to the internetwork via regular dial up lines
via modems. This means that mail exchange and file transfers
(for either USENET or other electronic conferences) is not
immediate but only takes place when telephone communications
are established.
UUCP software is now available for almost all computer
platforms including IBM compatibles, Macintosh and Unix
systems. Hardware requirements are minimal as only a
computer and a modem are needed to provide connectivity. In
general system installation and maintenance is simple and
does not require extensive support once the main link is
setup. UUCP also supports some of the TCP/IP protocols
facilitating in that way direct access to the Internet in a
non-interactive way.
There are close to 20,000 registered UUCP nodes around the
world and most of them are connected to USENET, a public
domain BBS (Bulletin Board Service) that provides "news"
exchange on almost any topic. USENET is just another example
of electronic conferences.
UUCP generally uses the "g" protocol for file transfers which
by today's standards is obsolete as it sends over the line
substantial error correction information that slows down the
transmission process. However, new implementations of UUCP
software now include additional protocols which are more
efficient and have the auto-resume option which becomes handy
when the connection is broken during file transfers.
SDN has tested WAFFLE, a dos-based UUCP software that also
provides BBS capabilities, at a few sites. WAFFLE is
shareware -that is, users must pay its author USD $30.00 per
license; the source code, written in C language, is also
available for $120.00.
The ideal setup for an SDN WAFFLE host with one dial up line
is the following:
- DOS PC computer (386 or 486 cpu) with 4 megabytes of RAM,
400 mg. hard disk, two serial ports with 16550a chips for
high-speed transfers, VGA monitor, keyboard, two floppy
drives, one CD-ROM drive, and one parallel port.
- Telebit WorldBlazer modem 14.4k speed
(v.32bis/v.42/v.42bis) with PEP, Telebit's proprietary
protocol.
- On-line 600va UPS.
FidoNet
FidoNet was first developed in 1984 by the amateur community
in the U.S. Just like UUCP it is also a "store and forward"
network that utilizes modems over regular dial up telephone
lines. Initial implementations of Fido were written for DOS
machines; current versions however are available for a wide
range of computer platforms including Macintosh and Unix
systems.
FidoNet installations are quite simple as well as maintenance
and support. Like UUCP, hardware requirements are minimal
and most software needed to run a node is either in the
public domain or shareware. Since FidoNet does not directly
support the Internet protocols, access to the Internet is
made through special gateways. As a matter of fact, the
Internet domain fidonet.org has been set up for all FidoNet
electronic messages.
Recent estimates indicate that there are over 22,000 Fidonet
nodes around the world that provide access to world wide e-
mail and electronic conferences.
Being a more recent technology, Fidonet uses the "zmodem"
protocol for file transfers which has excellent data
compression capabilities and provides the auto-resume feature
for restarting aborted file transfers.
Hardware requirements for a possible SDN FidoNet host are
similar to those for UUCP DOS based nodes. The only
difference is possibly the use of a modem that does not
actually require a proprietary protocol such as PEP, or
others. However, for international communications the use of
such protocols can prevent unnecessary problems and is thus
recommended.
Internet
The Internet is an international network of networks which
connects over 35,000 different networks and provides access
to close to 2 million hosts. Approximately 100 countries
have some kind of access to the Internet and it is estimated
that over 15 million users are part on the network .
The Internet started around 1969 as a special networking
project of the US Department of Defense. Back then it was
known as ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency) and
attempted to provide efficient means of communications across
networks spread all over the US, including research centres
at several universities. As different types of networks
started to develop in the mid-1970's ARPA became DARPA
(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) and funding
continued to expand the Internet.
The TCP/IP protocol suite was developed at the end of the
1970's and put in place by 1980. By 1983, DARPA required the
use of the TCP/IP protocols for all connected networks. In
that same year, the internetwork was split into two separate
administrative entities: ARPANET and MILNET, the latter being
the operational military network; both nets were considered
components of the Defense Data Network (DDN) of the
Department of Defense.
In the mid-1980s the NSF (National Science Foundation) became
interested in funding internetworking projects based on
TCP/IP protocols for key academic institutions in the US. As
a result, the NSFNet was created in 1986 which connected
supercomputer centres into the existing ARPANET. By 1988,
NSF finished the installation of a high-speed Internet
backbone (point-to-point 1.45 mbps lines). At the end of
1992 an upgrade to 45 mbps for the Internet backbone was
finished.
The creation of an NSF funded high-speed backbone provided
the ground for the extinction of ARPANET which was
effectively dissolved in 1990.
Aside from electronic mail, Internet provides two additional
basic services for users that have full access to the
network. They are: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and Telnet.
The former allows users to transfer files in interactive mode
across computers and/or networks independently of their
location and the type of connection. Telnet is a remote
login Internet application that lets users with full
connections to the Internet access all kinds of hosts and
services from their own computers. This function provides
the basic elements to execute interactive library and
database searches over the Internet.
The exponential growth rate of the Internet in the last 5
years or so also implied a huge increase on the amount of
information available on line. Application tools such as
Telnet, developed in the mid-1980s, could not possibly
provide adequate support to access information in a
convenient manner. As a result, new tools, such as Gopher
and WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers) among others, were
developed.
Very briefly, Gopher provides transparent access to multiple
information servers by means of a "user-friendly" interface
based on menus. Access to information resources is thus
facilitated as the end user needs little info on the target
servers. WAIS gives access to indexed information. End
users using WAIS services can search catalogues and databases
using specific keywords and/or phrases to find the
information they need.
The following are the basic requirements for setting up an
Internet host at an SDN site:
- SUN Workstation or compatible with 32 mgs. RAM, 2
Gigabyte hard disk, CD-rom Drive, X.25 interface, 1
floppy drive, serial ports, ethernet card with
transceiver, 500 mg tape backup system, and SUN-OS
Operating system.
- AGS Cisco Router
- Telebit NetBlazer for remote access.
- CSU/DSU (channel service unit/data service unit) for
high-speed digital synchronous communications.
- 4 Telebit WorldBlazer modems
- High-speed link (64k lease line) to Internet service
provider
- 4 dial up lines for remote access
Choosing a Technology
The selection of a specific networking options depends on
several issues. SDN considers that one of the crucial
elements here is the careful consideration on the current
status of networking in a given country. SDN Coordinators
and their staffs should be fully aware of all existing
national networks as well as of related network initiatives
that the different national and international organizations
might be implementing before rushing into a specific
solution. Moreover, SDN should promote the formation of
partnerships to avoid duplication of efforts.
A second aspect to take into account is related to the use
the network will be given. For example, many African
countries have implemented FidoNet nodes and the the
knowledge and expertise is already within the Continent. If
an SDN in Africa intends to mainly exchange information with
the African nodes then FidoNet technology should be the
adequate choice. On the other hand, most Latin American
countries use UUCP technologies so SDNs in this region should
proceed accordingly by using local knowledge and expertise.
It goes without saying that these technologies are not
mutually exclusive. Gateways between FIDO and UUCP have been
developed -such as FredGate and GIGO- and are available in
the public domain.
Costs are also a factor. Needless to say, all SDN countries
should perhaps have full access to the Internet. But as
mentioned before, current costs -including high line rates
setup by local PTT authorities for international access from
within a country- are high and indicate that such a solution
is probably a long run option. UUCP or Fido technologies,
being low cost technologies, should be implemented instead
while adequate financing and partnership creation is
developed.
Establishing a full Internet connection can be a very
expensive proposition for a developing country. First, since
a high-speed link (64k running on either a lease line or a
satellite link) is needed for adequate access,
telecommunications costs can be quite expensive. SDN has
learned that in the case of Pakistan, for example, such costs
can be as high as USD $20,000 per month which make it
unaffordable and unsustainable.
Second, the cost of the equipment mentioned above can easily
ascend to USD $25,000. This exclude installation costs and
training which will become necessary as the network service
grows and requires further expansion. Many developing
countries do not have expertise on Unix and/or TCP/IP base
networks so adequate training becomes even more important.
Thus support and maintenance are indeed issues to be
carefully considered.
Third, the question of sustainability is crucial. The
development of a substantial user base and a culture of
information exchange via computer mediated communications are
long term processes that require more than one or two years,
the period for which SDN could probably finance Internet
connections for a couple of selected countries.
All in all, financing an Internet connection for a specific
country can be an expensive enterprise and generally is
beyond SDN's resources. Clearly, financial collaboration
between national and international organizations becomes a
priority not only to make this type of setup affordable but
also and perhaps more importantly sustainable in the long
run.
OAS (Organization of American States) is funding Internet
connections for academic institutions in Central and South
America in association with the National Science Foundation
of the US. Countries such as Nicaragua, Honduras, Colombia
and Peru, to name a few will soon be connected to the
Internet but questions of sustainability in the long run have
still to be solved.
Both UUCP and FidoNet are very good "store and forward"
networking options. Most of the software required to run
them is in the pubic domain including excellent mailers and
off line news reader programs. The choice of either of these
technologies depends on some of the factors mentioned above.
Pure technological comparisons between the two of them might
also be useful as long as SDN sites keep the ongoing debate
in perspective.
It should also be noted, that both UUCP and FidoNet have
similar cost structures both for hardware and software as
well as telecommunication costs. The latter are a positive
function of volume transferred with no economies of scale.
That is, the more information is exchanged between any two
sites the higher the telecommunication costs; or, in other
words, each kilobyte of information has the same fixed cost.
UUCP and FidoNet have a lot more in common than is usually
suggested. They both operate on DOS based machines, offer
low cost and efficient connectivity (national and
international), use almost identical setups, and can run on
multiple computer platforms. Moreover, recent versions of
UUCP software have improved the existing file transfer
protocols and make it much more efficient and comparable to
the FidoNet protocols.
DOS-based implementations of UUCP and FidoNet can only handle
one or maybe two telephones lines at one time. This is the
result of DOS limitations as an operating system. Such set
up could be good for small nodes with perhaps 50-60 users.
But some SDN may have a large user base and/or become large
national hosts and require more access lines for national and
international users (via X.25 for example).
In this case, the utilization of a true multi-tasking
operating system such as UNIX combined with the installation
of high-speed multi-port serial boards becomes a necessity.
It should be noted that many versions of UNIX can run on PC
based computers so the purchase of a new and sophisticated
UNIX computer is not a requirement. But training for
national personnel could become a priority. SDN should
definitively support this and provide adequate training to
all personnel involved.
SDN Proposal for UUCP Connections
The United Nations Development Programme has a state-of-the-
art computer system with a high-speed leased line link to the
Internet. The system includes over 40 Novell servers and 3
Unix workstations linking over 500 PCs and several other
peripherals. Many UNDP country offices have access in one
way or another to this system and can in practice exchange
messages with almost anybody else on the Internet.
SDN headquarters recommends making use of this existing
infrastructure and provide access to SDN sites via the
existing UNDP system by using UUCP protocols which are fully
supported by the UNDP Unix machines. With the assistance of
the Division of Administration and Information Systems
(DAIS), SDN headquarters has actually done several tests of
this setup for countries such as Pakistan and Honduras.
As described above, the hardware and software specifications
needed for the SDN sites to set up such connection are low
cost and require little training and time to set up. In the
case of Honduras for example, a low-end SUN workstation
running SUN's operating system (Solaris) has been installed
and used for testing.
UNDP New York already has access to almost all of the USENET
groups. SDN headquarters is currently negotiating with APC
possible access to some ECONET conferences and put them on
line at UNDP exclusively for SDN sites.
To reduce telecommunications costs, SDN is proposing to
originate telephone calls to each SDN in New York and then
bill each site on a monthly basis. File transfers will
include both electronic mail from and to SDN sites as well as
electronic conference distribution. Each SDN can select the
type of conferences they will need/like to receive.
At the country level, SDN is offering two related products.
One is WAFFLE for DOS which will also serve as a BBS at the
national level. The other package is Pegasus Mail, an
excellent mail program that interfaces nicely with Waffle.
SDN users will be receiving exactly the same package so that
in effect a national UUCP backbone will be eventually created
-if it does not exist- or developed more deeply -if one is
already in place. Off-line readers that can be added to this
package are Helldiver (for Windows) and RusNews (for DOS)
both available in the public domain. The program WFS (for
Waffle File Server) provides Waffle UUCP nodes with list
server, mail base archive server, and automatic mailing
server capabilities. This software is shareware and costs
USD 25.00 per node.
To help in this process, SDN will create a revolving fund for
15-20 modems per SDN and provide them to its users. These
units will be bought in New York and sold to SDN users at
costs price. More modems will be purchased as moneys from
previous purchases returns to SDN. In addition, SDN will
provide installation and technical support to its users and
will implement a mechanism for user support and technical
troubleshooting. Finally, SDN will collaborate with other
organizations working on similar networking projects.
Software for SDN Operations and Management
Software that is readily available, inexpensive, or in the
public domain is recommended. Commercial software has also
been identified for the SDN SIS because it is more easily
acquired in Canada and the USA where much of the work on this
release has been done.
The SIS lists CD-ROMs with public domain and shareware
programmes. Because these CD-ROMs contain so much and
because they are relatively inexpensive, further evaluation
by the national SDNs as is needed. Some of these products
are updated regularly and available on subscription.
Commercial software of potential interest is listed. Much of
the basic software needed for end users to access on-line
information can be found in the public domain.
It should also be noted that graphical operating environments
such as Windows (and most of the software written for it) do
not run adequately from the standpoint of the end user. For
example, loading Windows on a 2,400 bps connection can take
several minutes; moreover, Windows sets limits to the speed
at which the serial ports can move information back and
forth.
- Operating systems
DOS is a standard single user operating system widely
used all over the world. DOS 6.2 is thus recommended.
SDN sites running small to medium size Fido or UUCP nodes
will make extensive use of DOS features. Upgrade price
for DOS 6.0 is USD 50.00
SDN sites that require multiple access telephone lines,
etc., should consider switching to a multi-tasking
operating system such as Linux, SCO Unix or Coherent, all
of which run on Intel-based machines. Linux is available
in the public domain; Coherent can be purchased for USD
100.00 whereas SCO Unix goes for USD 1,095.00.
For SDNs with Internet nodes Sun Solaris is recommended
as it includes all of the TCP/IP software required and
runs with no problem in any of Sun's workstations. It is
usually bundled with the hardware when purchasing a Sun
workstation.
- Word processing
Among commercial software, Wordperfect 5.1 for DOS is
recommended because it is a standard and is relatively
fast. WP6.0 for DOS is a bit sluggish, requiring over 11
Mb of hard disk storage. Wordperfect 5.1 has mouse support.
Prices are approximate.
Wp 5.1: USD 290
There are cheaper alternatives (see Trivette, D. 1993.
Ultracheap word processing. PC Magazine 12(19) p 160, for a
description of three word processors under USD 25). The
best appears to be: Webster's Word Processor for USD 25.
Shareware and public domain alternatives will be found on
the Internet and on several BBS' and in the following CD-
ROM disks: CD-ROM Power Tools. A library of over 3,000
shareware programs. Softbit, Inc., 1 Whitewater, Irvine,
California 92715. See also the SIMTEL CD-ROM included in
the kit which has over 9,000 programs and utilities for
DOS, including several word processors.
-Database management systems (DBMS)
A Structured textual DBMS
Micro CDS/ISIS, produced by Unesco, is recommended for
mailing lists, bibliographic and other textual data.
Micro CDS/ISIS is not particularly user friendly, but it
is very powerful, and possesses a data exporting facility
that interfaces readily with word processors and desk top
publishing software. Micro CDS/ISIS is distributed free
of charge by Unesco and has a user base of several
thousand throughout the world. It is also used by several
organizations of the United Nations and others for
exchanging data and databases.
B Structured DBMS for math and text
Related applications: i.e. those that need some
arithmetic or mathematical manipulations: Paradox 4.5 for
DOS is a powerful relational DBMS, generally considered
to be one of the best commercially available products in
its class. (USD 65, special edition).
C Unstructured DBMS
There are several commercially available packages that
can be used for retrieving textual data from documents.
ISYS, a text retrieval system included in the kit has
some very powerful features for retrieving character
strings using a variety of operators, including Boolean
and proximity search operators. (about USD 450)
Another notable product is Folio Views.
Shareware text retrieval systems are also worth noting:
DTSearch is very user friendly and offers powerful
retrieval. Unfortunately, previous versions were limited
by the size of the text file to be processed. If this
limitation has been overcome, for less than USD 100,
DTSearch could be a very useful product to help national
SDNs navigate through the megabytes of text in electronic
conferences and newsgroups. (More on DTSearch in CD-ROM
Power Tools by Softbit, included in the kit).
- Spreadsheet programs
There are several commercially available packages of
note. Quattro pro for DOS and Quattro Pro for Windows
have been chosen. USD 100 each.
- Communications packages
ProComm Plus for DOS and ProComm Plus for Windows are
recommended. Most protocols are covered by this very
popular package, which is also available as shareware
(without all the bell and whistles): USD 72.
Public domain software such as Telix and some versions of
MTEZ are also quite good and include software error
correction which is handy for low grade communications.
Messenger has been released by NirvCentre, the
organization that administers the Web in Canada.
Messenger is a software tool specifically designed to
work with APC network nodes, to enable users to access
their mail and conference messages quickly. Messenger is
available in Canada for CAD 50 or about USD 39 and
presently works by direct dial access.
- Fidonet Software
For Fidonet sites Marimba, developed with IDRC funding,
is recommended and it is public domain. Another option
such as Frontdoor is also an excellent choices but the
latest version is priced at UDS 295.00.
Gateways from Fido to UUCO are also available in the
public domain. Fredgate and the more recent GIGO provide
effective connectivity and have been widely tested.
III. PROCESSES RELATED TO THE RESPONSE TO AGENDA 21
Since UNCED, several activities are ongoing that national
SDNs should be aware of. Some of these are mentioned here in
passing. The list is not complete let alone exhaustive. For
more information, refer to the relevant electronic
conferences on the APC networks (for a list of selected
ECONET conferences download file ECONET).
The Commission on Sustainable Development
The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) is
responsible to the United Nations General Assembly for
implementing the follow up to UNCED. Details of CSD meetings
and other activities are to be found in the Earth
Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) published by the International
Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and available
electronically through the APC. Several UN conferences
convened to followed up on UNCED are also monitored by the
ENB team.
UNDP
UNDP has launched the Sustainable Development Network as a
direct response to the need to implement Agenda 21. Capacity
21 is a broader programme that seeks to build capacity in
developing countries implement Agenda 21 planning and policy
making.
The work of the NGO community
NGOs have taken an important role as representatives of civil
society, to monitor the implementation of UNCED and Agenda 21
and to follow up with their own activities after UNCED.
The NGO treaties are parallel agreements or statements of
intent that have been developed by several NGOs during the
International Forum during the Earth Summit in Rio.
Discussion on the treaties and the text of the treaties
themselves are to be found in electronic conferences
maintained by NGONet on the APC system. More information can
be found in the file NGONET.
The work of the business community
The Business Council for Sustainable Development (BCSD) has
developed the 'Business Charter for Sustainable Development.
There are other activities that are noteworthy, including for
example the work of the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) on developing standards for
environmental management (the ISO/TC 207). Several other
initiatives are ongoing, including those of the World
Industry Council for the Environment (WICE), an activity
linked to the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
IV. SELECTION OF INFORMATION
There is much literature written on sustainable development
and this short review cannot cover all of the bases. The
Sourcebook on Sustainable Development, however, contains a
list of much the key conventional literature on the subject.
The Sourcebook on Sustainable Development is to be found in
machine readable form in file IISDSOUR.ZIP.
A select number of "seminal titles" are mentioned. This core
of mostly internationally produced literature is listed
below.
Along with this, some of the key international or regional
organizations and publishers dealing with sustainable
development were approached for their views and for relevant
information.
The organizations contacted are listed in Appendix 3. The
English and French versions of the letter sent to them asking
for their help in acquiring key information in included in
Appendix 4.
Some of the most important information obtained are data sets
or databases that are described below. Several others are to
be demonstrated and discussed on the occasion of the SDN
Coordinators and SIS Workshop that will take place in Bombay
from December 6-11, 1993.,
Results of the acquisitions process
A decision was made initially to focus on organizations that
are perceived to be the gatekeepers of knowledge and
important providers of information and relevant resources on
sustainable development instead of focusing exclusively on
the acquisition of information products and the description
of services. Not only was it considered important to find out
what knowledge resources might be available to assist
national SDNs, but it was considered essential to seek their
eventual involvement in the SIS. Only in this way could the
long term viability of the SIS and of the SDN itself be
enhanced and secured.
From most of the organizations contacted, an information
package has been received. Key elements of the information
acquired include the list of publications and other material
describing the organization. In some cases, key information
in the form of relevant literature, data sets, databases and
other information products have been received. Direct
communication with the professional staff of these
organizations has also been made. The request was for help in
developing the SIS, and the responses reveal what each
organization feels is most relevant to satisfying the needs
expressed.
The results of this are described in part here, and this will
need to be followed up by the Director of the UNDP SDN. While
preliminary, it is felt that even this information will help
national SDNs enhance their understanding of the nature and
structure of information on sustainable development, and
knowledge of some of the key players in the field. A more
complete description is needed for the next edition of the
SIS.
Key literature
World Resources Institute. 1992. Global biodiversity
strategy: Guidelines for action to save, study and use
Earth's biotic wealth sustainably and equitably. Washington:
IUCN, UNEP and WRI. 244pp.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. 1992. Trade and the
environment. In International Trade 90-91. Vol.1 Geneva:GATT.
60 pp.
Asian Development Bank. 1990. Economic policies for
sustainable development. Manila: ADB. 253pp.
United Nations Fund for Population Activities. 1991.
Population and the environment: The challenges ahead. New
York: UNFPA. 44pp.
United Nations Fund for Population Activities. 1991. The
state of world population 1991. New York: UNFPA.
World Health Organization. 1992. Our planet, our health.
Geneva: WHO Commission on Health and the Environment.
Burkey, S. 1992. People first: A guide to self-reliant
participatory rural development. London: Zed Books. 256pp.
World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our
common future. New York: Oxford University Press.
World Bank. 1992. World Bank development report 1992. Oxford:
Oxford University Press. 344pp.
World Bank. 1991. World Bank development report 1991: The
challenge of development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
304pp.
World Bank. 1990. Social indicators of development 1989. Data
on diskette. Washington: The World Bank.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1992. Global
biodiversity 1992: Status of the Earth's living resources.
Cambridge,UK:WCMC. 450pp. (USD 35.00).
Elkington, J. and J. Hailes. 1991. The green business guide.
London: Victor Gollancz Ltd.
International Chamber of Commerce. 1990. The business charter
for sustainable development. Paris: International Chamber of
Commerce.
Schmidheiny, S. 1992. Changing course: Global business
perspectives on development and the environment. Cambridge:
MIT Press. 350pp.
World Bank. 1989. Sub-Saharan Africa: From crisis to
sustainable growth_a long-term perspective study. Washington:
The World Bank. 300pp.
Rahman, M. 1992. People's self-development: Perspectives on
participatory action research. London: Zed Books. 256pp.
Chambers, R. 1983. Rural development: Putting the last first.
New York: Longman.
Chambers, R. 1987. Sustainable rural livelihoods: A strategy
for people, environment and development. Brighton: University
of Sussex Institute of Development Studies. 32pp.
UNICEF. 1989. Children and environment: A UNICEF policy
review. New York. 32pp.
Vandana, S. 1988. Staying alive: Women, ecology and
development.
Runnals, D., Cosbey. A. 1992. Trade and sustainable
development. A survey of the issues and a new research
agenda. IISD:Winnipeg. 130pp.
Asian Development Bank. 1991. Asian development outlook 1991.
Contains a major survey of environment and development in
Asia. Manila: ADB. 307pp.
World Bank. 1993. World Bank development report 1993: The
challenge of development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
United Nations Development Programme. 1991. Human development
report 1991. New York: University Press.
U.N. 1992. Nations of the Earth Report. United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development: National reports
summaries. Vol. 1. New York:United Nations. 322 pp.
U.N. 1993. The global partnership for environment and
development. A guide to Agenda 21. Post Rio edition. New
York:United Nations. 239pp.
U.N. 1992. Agenda 21. Full text of the English and French
language versions as AGENDA21.ZIP and AG21FR.ZIP. Spanish
language version available from the Earth Council (see
Appendix 3).
IUCN, UNEP, WWF. 1980. World conservation strategy.
Cambridge. IUCN Publications. Available in English, French
and Spanish. 70pp.
IUCN, UNEP, WWF. 1991. Caring for the Earth: A strategy for
sustainable living. London: Earthscan. 228pp.
OECD. 1991. State of the environment. Companion volume to
Environmental indicators. Paris: OECD. 91 pp.
United Nations Development Programme. 1992. Human development
report 1992. New York: University Press.
United Nations Development Programme. 1993. Human development
report 1993. New York: University Press.
South Commission. 1991. Environment and development: Towards
a common strategy of the South in the NCED negotiations and
beyond. United Geneva: South Centre. 23pp.
Publications lists from key organizations will provide good
subject coverage, while helping users track relevant
developments. Following is a list of some important titles.
Brown, L.R. 1992. State of the World: 1992. A Worldwatch
Institute report on progress toward a sustainable society.
London: Earthscan. 272 pp. (Also 1993, 1991, 1990 editions)
Key Publications of the United Nations and the World Bank
United Nations
Advisory Committee for the Coordination of Information
Systems (ACCIS). 1992. Directory of Applications Software
of the United Nations Systems. 80pp.
A growing number of United Nations system organizations, in
carrying out their activities, design and produce
applications software of potential interest to users in
Member States. This new Directory gives descriptions of 81
such software packages. Ranging from statistical programmes
on population dynamics to computer-aided planning and design
of water systems, the software included in the Directory has
all been approved by the relevant organizations for external
distribution and is fully supported in terms of
documentation, training and/or user support.
Advisory Committee for the Coordination of Information
Systems. 1990. Directory of United Nations Databases and
Information Services.
Advisory Committee for the Coordination of Information
Systems. 1990. Register of Development Activities of the
United Nations Systems. 993pp.
Advisory Committee for the Coordination of Information
Systems. 1988. ACCIS Guide to United Nations Information
Sources on the Environment. 141pp.
Advisory Committee for the Coordination of Information
Systems. 1992. Books in Print of the United Nations System.
1st. Ed. 721pp.
Identifies over 14,400 publications available for sale
through publishers on the United Nations system.
UNIDO. 1992. Directory of Development Finance Institutions.
94pp.
This directory lists what is called the Bank File. It is a
completely updated edition providing information on
institutions geared to financing industrial investment in
developing countries.
Advisory Committee for the Coordination of Information
Systems. 1992. Directory of Selected Collections of United
Nations System Publications. 126pp.
This ACCIS Directory is a quick reference to libraries and
information centres in 170 countries where publications of
the UN system can be found. It lists, alphabetically by
country, UN system depository collections in national,
academic and public libraries; UN system libraries and
documentation centres; and UN Information Centres.
UNICEF. UNEP. 1990. Children and the Environment. State of
the World Environment 1990. 73pp.
An invaluable book for anyone involved in teaching about
environmental issues or for those who want to know more about
how children are being affected by environmental change.
UN. 1992. Handbook for National Statistical Data-Bases on
Women and Development.
A technical guide to assist national statistical services,
women's advocates and other policy planning and research
organizations for women's issues in establishing and using
statistical data-bases on women in development.
U.N. 1992. World Statistics in Brief: United Nations
Statistical Pocketbook. 117pp.
Intended for businessmen, researchers, students and all
others who want to have a convenient ready source of
statistical data. Covers demography and labour force,
national accounts, agriculture and industry, trade, finance
and tourism, transport and communication, education, health
and nutrition. Data is given for 159 countries, by regions
and for the world as a whole, for the last decade.
U.N. 1992. The Least Developed Countries. 1991 Report. 201pp.
Reviews recent socio-economic developments in the least
developed countries (LDCs) and the progress in the
implementation of support measures. Chapters deal with such
issues as possibilities for further debt-relief, role of
micro-enterprises, role of women and environmental problems
in the LDCs.
World Bank
Bamberger, M. and S. Cheema. 1990. Case Studies of Project
Sustainability: Implications for Policy and Operations from
Asian Experience. 122 pages.
Development Data Book: A Guide to Social and Economic
Statistics. 16 pages.
Development and the Environment: A New Partnership. A video
overview of the main points in World Development Report 1992.
1992. 26 minutes, 50 seconds. Available in VHS/NTSC (American
Standard), VHS/PAL (European standard), and VHS/SECAM
(Francophone standard). Price $14.95.
Directory of Libraries. Annual. 1992 edition. Provides the
names and locations of World Bank depository libraries. 44
pages.
Blackwell, J.M., Goodwillie, R.N. and R. Webb. 1991.
Environment and Development in Africa: Selected Case Studies.
EDI Analytical Case Study No.6. 144 pages.
Environmental Accounting for Sustainable Development. Edited
by Yusuf J. Ahmad, Salah El Serafy, and Ernst Lutz. A UNEP-
World Bank Symposium. 1989. 112 pages.
Environmental Assessment Sourcebook. Environment Department.
1991.
Volume 1. Policies, Procedures, and Cross-Sectoral Issues.
Technical Paper No. 139. 244 pages.
Volume 2. Sectoral Guidelines. Technical Paper No. 140. 298
pages.
Volume 3. Guidelines for Environmental Assessment of Energy
and Industry Projects. Technical Paper No. 154. 252 pages.
How the World Bank Works with Nongovernmental Organizations.
1990. 24 pages.
Plucknett, D.L., Smith, N.J.H. and S. Ozgediz. 1990.
International Agricultural Research: A Database of Networks.
CGIAR Study Paper No. 26. 174 pages.
International Finance Corporation. 1992. Investing in the
Environment: Business Opportunities in the Developing
Countries. Describes an aggressive campaign by the IFC to
promote the environmental market in developing countries. 62
pages.
V. Ahmed and M. Bamberger. 1989. Monitoring and Evaluating
Development Projects: The South Asian Experience. EDI Seminar
Series. 104 pages.
Natural Resource and Environmental Information for Decision
making. Edited by Hassan M. Hassan and Charles Hutchinson.
1992. 176 pages.
Cernea, M. 1989. Nongovernmental Organizations and Local
Development. Discussion Paper No. 40. 1988. 70 pages.
Nongovernmental Organizations and the World Bank. Cooperation
for Development. Edited by Samuel Paul and Arturo Israel. A
World Bank Regional and Sectoral Study. 1991. 176 pages.
Participatory Development and the World Bank: Potential
Directions for Change. Edited by Bhuvan Bhatnagar and Aubrey
C. Williams. Discussion Paper No. 183. 1992. 202 pages.
Jones, L.P. 1991. Performance Evaluation for Public
Enterprise. Discussion Paper No 122. 48 pages.
Key guides, directories and reference materials, including
resources available via the Internet.
Advisory Committee for the Coordination of Information
Systems. 1992. UNEarth. The UN: What it is and what it does.
Version 1.0 (Available on diskette).
Includes an extensive description of the UN system and of
some of the information products and services available. It
is a key resource and comes with a user friendly front end.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre.
Various publications on the conservation and management of
plant and animal species. See WCMCFACT and WCMCPUB for
information and a list of key publications.
International Institute for Sustainable Development. 1992.
Sourcebook on Sustainable Development. Winnipeg:IISD. 134pp.
(see directory \INTERNET\APC).
Rittner, D. 1992. Ecolinking. Everyone's guide to online
environmental information. Berkeley:Peachpit Press. 352pp.
Gilster, P. 1993. The Internet navigator. The essential
guide to network exploration for the individual dial-up user.
Wiley:New York. 470pp.
Krol, E. 1992. The whole Internet. Users guide and catalog.
O'Reilly & Assoc.:Sebastopol. 376pp.
Nimersheim, J. 1991. The first book of modem
communications. SAMS. Carmet:Prentice Hall. 242pp.
World Resources Institute. International Institute for
Environment and Development. IUCN - The World Conservation
Union. 1993. Directory of country environmental studies. An
annotated bibliography of environmental and natural resources
profiles and assessments. Washington: World Resources
Institute. 230pp. (Also available in machine readable form).
Marcaccio, K.Y. 1993. Gale directory of databases. Vol. 1.
Online databases. Vol. 2. CD-ROM, diskette, magnetic tape,
handheld, and batch access databases. Gale Research. Inc.
(Also available on CD-ROM). (USD 280 for both, Vol. 1: USD
199, Vol. 2: USD 119).
CAB International (CABI). 1990. CAB Thesaurus 1990 Edition.
Vol. 1. 603 pp., Vol 2. 624 pp. (pounds Sterling 99.50). A
thesaurus containing 56,000 terms.
The Internet
Key resources of the Internet, including databases and other
electronic resources. For a partial sampling, see appendix 5
or better still, consult the Internet directly and read the
relevant references in the literature section. Of note:
- Smith, Una R. 1993. A Biologist's Guide to Internet
Resources. Usenet sci.answers. Available via anonymous FTP
and e-mail from rtfm.mit.edu as file
pub/usenet/news.answers/biology/guide. 35 pp.
Keywords: Internet biology resources news mailing lists
data software free. Archive-name: biology/guide.
Last-modified: 13 July 1993.
See file BIOLOGY.
- Goffe, B. 1993. Resources for economists on the internet.
Summary: This documents contains a list of resources of
interest to economists. It should be of interest to anyone
looking for economic data and many types of related
information. See
See file ECONOFAQ.
- Publications about the Internet: see file INETBIB1 for a
list of publications on computer mediated communications.
Also, see appendix 5 for a list of recent books on the
Internet and related topics.
- The Envirolink gopher on the Internet includes information
on environmental resources available through the Internet.
It is a new service and the edition included here has
information about Envirolink, a reading list on 'ozone',
and copies of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin newsletter
reporting on the proceedings of a post UNCED meeting on
biodiversity.
See file ENVIROLNK.
- "Automatic document server (NGONET-Lib). This document
server distributes Agenda 21 in Spanish and English, the
NGO Treaties signed in Rio in four languages and hundreds
of NGO contributions during the UNCED process and
follow-up. To access this document server, the user simply
sends the following e-mail message to
ngonet-lib@chasque.apc.org: Rsend indexS, and later
receives a reply containing the index and instructions to
access the document collection". Information received from
Francisco Mata, Coordinator, Earth Council Information
System.
Data sets and related software
World Bank. Socioeconomic Time-series Access and Retrieval
System (STARS) contains this information in machine readable
form, with accompanying software for display and analysis.
The following titles are included in the SDN SIS:
- African development indicators. 1992. (4 diskettes);
- Social indicators of development. 1993. (2 diskettes);
- World development indicators. 1992. (1 diskette);
- World tables. 1992. (3 diskettes);
- World debt tables. 1992-93.
World Resources Institute. 1992. World Resources 1992-93.
Database diskette and User's Guide. World Resources
Institute: Washington. 1 X 3.5" or 5.25" diskette. USD 119.25
(includes free copy of World Resources 1992-93).
World Resources Institute. 1993. 1993 C.E.S. companion
diskette. World Resources Institute:Washington. 1 X 3.5" or
5.25" diskette. USD 49.95.
This is the electronic version of the 1993 Directory of
country environmental studies published by WRI.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), UK.
Various databases and datasets on the conservation and
management of plant and animal species, including the WCMC
biodiversity map library. Availability and distribution of
GIS datasets. See file WCMCGIS.ZIP (compressed WordPerfect
file).
Food and Agriculture Organisation. 1992. Agrostat-PC 1992.
Information in the FAO statistical yearbooks available in
electronic format. This data bank provides figures on all
agriculture related topics. Six domains are currently
available: Population, land use, production, trade, food
balance sheets and forest products. Information is in
English, French and Spanish. 13 diskettes (one more on
fisheries to be available shortly): USD 600 for the set, less
for individual diskettes.
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI).
Digital Chart of the World. Redlands:California.
The ARC/INFO geographic information systems (GIS) software
produced by ESRI is used extensively for environmental
management. ESRI has loaned copies of the Digital Chart of
the World (DCW) for demonstration purposes. DCW is highly
technical and may be of secondary interest to newly
established SDNs.
Databases
Advisory Committee for the Coordination of Information
Systems (ACCIS), various:
The following list provides a selection of computerized
databases of the Advisory Committee for the Co-ordination of
Information Systems (ACCIS), arranged alphabetically by name:
- Database of United Nations Databases and Information
Services (DUNDIS)
Database type: Referral. Subject scope: Data bases;
information services; information systems; UN system.
Availability: UN system organizations; external users.
Printed products: ACCIS guides to United Nations
information sources; Directory of United Nations
applications software; Directory of United Nations
databases and information services. Distribution media:
Diskette; online; printout. Online hosts: ECHO Service.
- Register of Development Activities of the United Nations
System (RDA)
Database type: Bibliographic; numeric. Subject scope:
Development projects; UN system. Availability: UN system
organizations; external users.
World Health Organisation. 1993. Environment and Health
information for Management of Development Activities
(EHMDAC). Geneva:WHO. 3 X 3.5 inch diskettes, + 1 User's
manual and 1 technical manual.
"EHMDAC is a microcomputer based information management
system which stores, retrieves and analyzes data on projects,
programmes and support activities in the linked fields of
health and the environment. The in-built software and
standardized format make EHMDAC a powerful tool for using
readily available country data to assess how effectively
resources are being utilized and tom guide management
decisions on future priorities" (WHO. 1993. About EHMDAC.
Geneva:WHO. 5pp.).
International Labour Organisation. 1993. LABORDOC. Database
of the ILO library and documentation centres. Geneva:ILO.
196,000 records. (Available through online hosts such as
Orbit, ESA, and others).
Environment Liaison Centre International (ELCI). 1993.
Global action guide. A handbook for NGO co-operation on
environment and development. Nairobi:ELCI. 270pp.
This is a extensive database printed in hard copy. It
reflects ELCI's commitment to using information for promoting
collaboration, information exchange and networking for
sustainable development among NGOs and the development
community. There are several hundred entries (estimate of
over 1250 entries) in this the second edition.
Environment Liaison Centre International. 1993. A guide to
information resources within ELCI membership. Nairobi:ELCI.
72pp.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
(OECD). Directory of Non-governmental Development
Organizations in OECD Countries. Paris:OECD. 708pp.
NGONet. 1992. NGOBIB. Environment and development
bibliographic database. 2 X 3.5 inch 720 Kb. diskettes.
CD-ROM databases and information products
Softbit. 1992. Power tools.Productivity tools and
application software for Microsoft Windows and DOS.
Irvine:Softbit. > 3500 shareware programmes. About USD 50.
Simtel:
Copy of famous simtel ftp site which includes all kinds of
software ranging from dos utilities to communications
packages and spreadsheets which are either shareware or
public domain (over 9,000 files are included). Disks are
update quarterly for USD 19.95.
CICA CD-ROM:
Copy of well known ftp windows site which includes all type
of programs and utilities for MS Windows. Includes utilities,
shells, games, drivers ,fonts, etc.Disks are updated
quarterly for USD 19.95.
Source CD-ROM:
Contains USENET source archives, UNIX source codes in C
language, and MS-DOS c source code programs.
C User's Library Group CD-ROM:
Mostly DOS C source code on almost everything including code
from the C User Journal magazine.
Silver Platter. 1992. Directory of CD-ROM databases 1992.
24 pp. Silver Platter is a major commercial publisher of
databases on CD-ROM. The guide is free.
World Bank. Compact International Agricultural Research
Library, Basic Retrospective Set 1962-1986 (CIARL BRS). Set
of 17 compact disks that give complete text, images, and
catalog records for some 1,350 titles from the centres of the
Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research .
(Price USD 1950).
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United
Nations
FAO, Silver Platter. 1993. International Information System
for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology (AGRIS). 1991 -
January 1993.
The AGRIS database "provides bibliographic coverage of
agricultural science and technology literature produced
worldwide". The AGRIS database contains "unique material such
as unpublished scientific and technical reports, theses,
conference papers, government publications and more". AGRIS
also contains much literature from developing countries, a
large part of which in non-conventional or grey literature.
Over 130,000 bibliographic units added each year. AGRIS
operates an extensive network of input centres around the
world.
International Labour Organisation. 1993. CISDOC.
Occupational health and safety. 35,000 records. Geneva:ILO.
CIRAD/INRA/ORSTOM. SESAME. Toute l'agronomie tropicale
francophone sur disque compact. Version 2.01.
Coordinating Unit for the Exchange of Development Activity
Information. 1993. DAI CD-ROM. Development activity
information on CD-ROM. 2nd. Ed.
CAB International is an international, intergovernmental
organization registered with the United Nations. It is owned
and administered by its member governments. These currently
number 33. CABI provides information, scientific and
development services for agriculture and allied disciplines
throughout the world.
IDRC. 1993. The UNCED archives CD-ROM. IDRC:Ottawa. 40,000
pp.
NGONet. 1993. The UNCED archives of NGO generated
documents. Montevideo:Uruguay. (NB. This is not the official
title of this document).
"The CD-ROM contains most of the NGO-generated documents
related to UNCED. The user will be able to retrieve the
documents with the help of indexes, looking for keywords, the
name of the author and/or the organisation or through
full-text searches. The text selected can then be saved in
normal disks, printed or handled with any word processor.
This disk is expected to be distributed in May 1994, together
with the CD-ROM of the official UNCED archives (all official
documents, resolutions and country reports). It will contain
the full text of the NGO newsletters, papers and resolutions
of preparatory conferences, national NGO reports, leaflets,
etc, covering the preparatory process from PrepCom I to IV,
the Rio meetings (official and unofficial) and post-UNCED
process up to December 1993.
While the official UNCED information is all available in a
single place in Geneva, NGO documents are scattered over the
world. And Southern texts are the most difficult to get.
As of October 1993, the CD-ROM+s volume is evaluated in more
than one hundred Megabytes of NGO documents, some thirty
thousands pages of text, as a result of our information
capture effort, which is still under way".
CAB Abstracts database: nearly 3 million records in
computerized format available on CD-ROM or online.
CAB Abstracts has been repackaged into various subject
specific products available on CD-ROM, including: Traced,
CABPestCD, SIOLCD and other titles. CAB Abstracts and its
related products contain mostly conventional and scientific
literature in the field of agriculture and related
disciplines. Key scientific literature on environment and
development, natural resources conservation and sustainable
agriculture are covered.
CD-Resources Inc. Libraries To Go. 1990. Women, water and
sanitation. Impacts on health, agriculture and environment.
New York:CD-Resources.Libraries To Go.
60 publications forming an interdisciplinary collection of
publications from international development agencies from
1979 to 1989. USD 250, USD 200 for updates.
Key journals
The periodical publications of the organizations listed here
in the SDN SIS as well as those of the organizations listed
in the IISD Sourcebook on Sustainable Development are key
documents. Many will be available at little or no fee to
organizations in developing countries.
Others could include:
Ecodecision. Environment and policy magazine. Environment
and Policy Society. The Royal Society of Canada.
"A quarterly forum for critical environmental analysis and
debate. Its purpose is to interpret the sciences to enable
sustainable development responses, policies, decisions, and
actions by our readers, the decision-makers".
Tomorrow. The global environment magazine. Tomorrow Media.
Stockholm. Sweden.
"...Tomorrow is aimed primarily at policy makers: engaged and
informed people in business, government, media, scientific
institutes and environmental organizations". (From Vol.1, No.
2, 1991, page 97).
For journals about the Internet or dealing with some aspect
of the Internet, please see the following directories:
- See INTBUSNS for an abstract copy of the Internet Business
Journal;
- See INTJOURN for a list of some periodicals about the
Internet.
- Online Access, Internet Special edition, Oct. 1993,
published by Chicago Fine Print.
This special edition is a gold mine of information on the
Internet and on computer mediated communications in
general.
Several journals dealing with sustainable development and
the follow up to UNCED are available electronically,
including the following that can be downloaded from the
Association for Progressive Communications conferences
('climate.news', 'gen.newsletters' or 'env.newsletters'), or
the 'sci.environment' newsgroup on the Internet:
- Earth Negotiations Bulletin, published by the International
Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), in Winnipeg,
Canada to track and report the meetings following up on
UNCED and the work of the United Nations Commission on
Sustainable Development.
- Global Change Newsletters now available in the conference
:
- Delta, the newsletter of the Canadian Global Change
Program, Vol. 4, No. 2, Summer 1993.
- Tiempo, a bulletin on global warming and the third world,
Issue #9, August 1993.
- Change, the newsletter of the Dutch National Research
Program on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change, Number
15, July 1993.
- "ECO GENEVA #10 (INC8) Aug 27 93" ECO NEWSLETTER, CLIMATE
TALKS GENEVA - AUGUST 1993. NGO NEWSLETTER. INC 8.
ECO has been published by Non-Governmental Environmental
Groups at major international conferences since the
Stockholm Environment Conference in 1972. This issue is
produced cooperatively by groups attending the Climate
Talks in Geneva, August, 1993.
Networks
This is a summary listing of related networks that have come
to the attention of the consultant preparing this report. It
is not meant to be exhaustive, but to draw the attention of
national SDNs to activities that the SDN seeks to work with.
There are undoubtedly many more.
- GeeNET: WHO's Global Environmental Epidemiology Network,
and GetNET, WHO's Global Environmental Technology Network;
- UNEP Infoterra, the environmental information referral
service;
- The UNEP Industry and Environment Office in Paris, Cleaner
Production Network;
- Consortium for International Earth Science Information
Network (CIESIN); and,
- NGONet.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1:
Bombay Workshop: Conclusions, Recommendations and Wrap-Up
At the concluding sessions, participants agreed on the following
issues for consideration and follow-up:
Balance between human and technical networking
The SDN is a network of people and organisations where
communications and networking are enhanced by the use of computer
mediated communications.
Participants repeatedly noted the importance of the human network
and it is concluded that the use of computer mediated
communications or computer networks is first to enhance the human
network and is not an end in itself.
Agenda~21 and Capacity~21
Participants realised that the SDN is an instrument to help
implement Agenda~21 and should be seen in the general context of
national planning for sustainable development and within the
framework of the Capacity~21 programme with which it will be
working closely in several countries. The workshop agreed that
this relationship should feature amongst the other seven
operating principles of the SDN that were summarised above.
Passive vs proactive SDNs
It was agreed by workshop participants that SDNs are advocates
for sustainable development and that this is an active or
`proactive' process. How this is to be undertaken is to be
determined in consultation with the respective national SDN
Steering Committee.
SDN HQ coordination
Participants noted on several occasions the need for support from
SDN HQ. There are many things that SDNs cannot yet obtain on
their own or which they need help in achieving. For example,
participants were not able to use mailservers or Internet
resources such as file transfer protocol (FTP) to access SDN
documentation. SDN New York should continue to balance
electronic approaches to share information. Given this situation,
the question remains, how should SDN SIS components be
distributed? SDN HQ needs to consider this question urgently.
Institutional collaboration
SDNs should work in a complementary fashion and not duplicate
existing efforts. While the extent of institutional
collaboration should be decided locally, it is to be encouraged
as a matter of principle and good management.
Funding and self sustainability
Like portfolio management, diversification is essential for
survival. SDN coordinators should approach funding this way: do
not place all your eggs in the same basket, and always have an
open mind to other sources or ways of self-financing the SDN. UN
has committed short term funding to launch SDNs and even this
comes from diverse sources. It is recommended that 25 to 30 of
the UNDP envelope comes from UNDP's indicative planning figures
(IPF) which are available to each developing country. The use of
these IPF resources would demonstrate national commitment. From
day one, SDNs must be concerned with sustaining themselves
financially. Selling information or providing consulting
services on a cost basis may be one answer. Securing support
from other sources in a country or in the donor community should
be actively considered. A well developed business and marketing
plan can help make this happen. Nonetheless, given the tight
financial situation of most developing countries, undertaking
user surveys and following these up with requests for financial
participation may not be realistic or wise. Instead, the SDN
will have to show how it has influenced attitudes and changed
behaviour in promoting sustainable development. When the value
of this change is evident, the SDN will be in a better position
to consider which options -- charging, securing donor support or
otherwise -- are most appropriate under national conditions.
Future workshops/steps
A very encouraging participant evaluation left no doubt that this
workshop had been a success. A third workshop will be held in
1994. It is a possibility that this workshop will once again
take place in Bombay at NCST.
Collaboration amongst SDNs (TCDC)
Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC) seeks
ways to make better use of limited funds for development by
encouraging developing countries to help one another through the
transfer of technology and expertise. TCDC activities are
different from SDN activities. However, technical cooperation
among developing countries may be facilitated through SDNlike
activities and conversely, SDNs could well gain from the TCDC
experience and ongoing activities, including several ongoing
technical cooperation networks. It is recommended that SDNs look
into this eventuality and be aware of TCDC activities nationally
or otherwise. It was recommended that the Director of the SDN
should continue to press this message, which, it was noted, was
already included in the list of general principles that had been
evolved for the SDN.
Justification or adjustment for the approaches being adopted for
implementation
Participants were concerned about the need for developing and
eventually strengthening human networking in national SDNs. It
may be appropriate to consider placing greater emphasis on this
during efforts to establish SDNs at this pre-feasibility and
feasibility stages.
Balancing low and high technology solutions and SDNs scarce
resources
SDNs have to choose technology solutions that are most
appropriate to their needs and circumstances. The selection
should be seen in a continuum.
Solutions that can be useful in helping to achieve the
connectivity desired over the long range and the need to achieve
self sufficiency ultimately using indigenous or local resources
should be chosen.
The selection of countries and scope of action of the SDN
directorate
Workshop participants agreed that given the demands for UNDP
assistance in helping implement the SDN initiative, and the
limited resources available, it was appropriate for the workshop
to recommend a policy of supporting a range of countries at
varying levels of economic development and different networking
needs at the human and electronic levels. The workshop
emphasised that physical networking systems are simply tools for
supporting and facilitating effective and efficient human
networking and information exchange. The emphasis of SDN support
must be on the promotion of human networking with resources
directed at the establishment of physical/technical networking
only when necessary and at the level most appropriate for each
SDN initiative. The eventual acquisition of high-end technology
such as Internet, which gives fill fledged networking facilities
is an interesting objective, but a progressive approach is
necessary and relevant in most countries.
Principles of collaboration with UNEP
Participants agreed with the statement of principles for
collaborating with the UNEP Infoterra programme and recommended
steps to be taken to reinforce collaboration between SDN and UNEP
as soon as possible.
SDN's Information Series (SIS)
It is recommended that this name and acronym substitute
henceforth for the phrase ``SIS''. The workshop agreed that SIS
is an excellent concept. The contents of SIS need further
examination however. Participants agreed with the importance of
the information an reference tools, but pointed out
the need to strengthen components addressing human networking.
Some ideas included most case studies of existing SDNs and
similar endeavours in order to share the experience gained to
date. Some participants suggested that SIS may eventually become
a series of electronic or printed publications. Questions
of terminology, format and distribution still necessitate
consultation and action by IDRC and UNDP.
APPENDIX 2:
Principles guiding the selections
and recommendations made in
this issue of the SIS
- Consider elements that are easy and inexpensive to acquire and
that can operate and be maintained locally, under developing
country conditions;
- Build in options in consideration of site specific needs and
circumstances;
- Acquire elements based on the needs expressed by in country
users. Final decisions will be based on user needs and expert
opinion;
- Stick to standardized items, processes and protocols instead of
investing in esoteric or unknown and un-researched or untried;
- The SDN is not a scientific research project;
- The need for a given level of functionality in given
circumstances may be the same, but the means for achieving this
may be different from country to country or from circumstance
to circumstance;
- The SIS should also catalogue and describe training
opportunities, including those available for on-the-job
training, study tours and for participation in relevant
meetings, workshops and conferences;
- Look for resources available through the public domain, as
shareware or on a concessionary basis;
- Build on existing resources and infrastructure for the
operation of the SDN. Avoid 'cheap teckkie thrills' with little
use and a steep learning curve just because they are the latest
release;
- Look for ways of enhancing the self sufficiency;
- Build in user feedback in the SIS and;
- Use information in machine readable form in preference to
print: it is easier to carry and less wasteful.
APPENDIX 3:
List of Organizations/Earth Council Information
A Organizations that contributed information
The addresses of many of these organizations can be found in the
IISD Sourcebook on Sustainable Development. See file IISDSOUR.ZIP
This list will be augmented by descriptions of key information
related to sustainable development that these organizations
disseminate through publications, networking activities and other
actions related to the follow up to UNCED and the implementation
of Agenda 21. An example of this is given for the Earth Council
at the end of this appendix.
Earth Council
San Jose, Costa Rica
The Internet Society
Reston
Virginia, USA
Jean-Francois GIOVANNETTI
Directeur
CIDARC
Montpellier, France
Linda Spencer
Officer-in-charge
UNEP Infoterra/PAC
Nairobi, Kenya
Calestous Juma
Executive Director
African Centre for
Technology Studies (ACTS)
Nairobi, Kenya
Anil Agarwal
Centre for Science and Environment
New Delhi, India
Developing Countries Farm Radio Network
Toronto
Ontario, Canada
Moussa Fall
Environment and Development Action in the Third World (ENDA)
Dakar, Senegal
Roberto Bissio
ITem (Instituto del Tercer Mundo)
Montivideo, Uruguay
Jenny Richards
Television Trust for the Environment (TVE)
London, UK
Michael Stewart
Deputy Executive Director
Centre for Our Common
Future (CCF)
Geneva, Switzerland
Aaron Cosbey
International Institute for Sustainable Development
Winnipeg
Manitoba, Canada
John Burke, Director and Kevin Grose, Librarian
Communication and Corporate Relations
IUCN
Gland, Switzerland
Denise OBrien
World Industry Council for the Environment
(WICE)
c/o the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
Paris, France
Robert Molteno
Zed Books
London, UK
Trevor Russell
Communications Officer
Business Council for Sustainable Development (BCSD)
Geneva, Switzerland
Julian Lewis
Information Officer
International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)
London, UK
Wendy White
Librarian and Head of Information Services
Board on Science and Technology for International Development
National Academy of Sciences
Washington D.C., USA
John Kryger
Senior Consultant
Cleaner Production Programme
UNEP-Industry and Environment Office (IEO)
Paris, France
Peter Gall
Officer in charge
Office of Public Affairs
UNDP
New York
NY, USA
FAO
Rome, Italy
Amy Shaughennessy
The Panos Institute
Washington D.C., USA
Dave Byers
ESRI
Redlands
California, USA
Margot Bellamy
CAB International
Wallingford, UK
Julia Hayles
Executive Director
SustainAbility
London, UK
Robin Pellew
Director
World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC)
Cambridge, UK
Kathy Courrier, Director
Information, Communications and Publications
World Resources Institute
Washington D.C., USA
Abe Lebowitz
Head
Agris Coordinating Unit
FAO
Rome, Italy
Mr. Botero
Environment and Sustainable Development
FAO
Rome, Italy
APC Nodes and operators
Eleanor Friersen
Chief
Central Library and Documentation Branch
International Labour Organisation
CIESIN
Saginaw
Michigan, USA
Alison Morrill
Assistant Project Manager
International Cooperative on Ozone Layer Protection
(ICOLP), USA
Jane Pratt
The World Bank
Washington D.C., USA
Kirk Roberts, Rory OBrien
NIRV
Toronto
Ontario, Canada
UNCHS/Habitat
Nairobi, Kenya
World Health Organisation
Geneva, Switzerland
B Key information available from the Earth Council
From: Francisco Mata, Information System Coordinator, Earth
Council
As per your e-mail of Jul 18, these are the activities, products
and/or services of the Earth Council related to information and
which may be of interest for your meeting.
1) Survey of interested parties in UNCED follow-up (10000 sent
and 2500 received).
2) Agenda 21 in Spanish. Book distributed in Costa Rica.
3) Book on Earth Summit Eco-92 (synthesis of Rio agreements)
in English and Spanish.
4) Diskette containing Rio agreements and NGO alternative
treaties in English and Spanish (version in French in
process). Documents are stored in WORDPERFECT format and
installed using a menu program.
5) Documentation center (serial publications, videos,
diskettes) around 1,000.
6) Bulletin "What is New" in Spanish and English.
7) Mailing Lists (International 28,000 records, Costa Rica
10,000 records).
8) Book on NGO Treaties in Spanish.
9) Automatic document server (NGONET-Lib). This document
server distributes Agenda 21 in Spanish and English, the
NGO Treaties signed in Rio in four languages and hundreds
of NGO contributions during the UNCED process and
follow-up. To access this document server, the user simply
sends the following e-mail message to
ngonet-lib@chasque.apc.org: Rsend indexS, and later
receives a reply containing the index and instructions to
access the document collection.
10) NGO treaties from the International NGO Forum in Rio. To
facilitate follow-up activities, NGONET has set up an
electronic conference (ingof.treaties), containing the
treaties in Spanish, English, French and Portuguese as well
as the signatories of each individual treaty.
APPENDIX 4:
Background notes
The UNDP SDN
Background notes
SDNs are national endeavours launched by coalitions of
stakeholders in sustainable development and supported by UNDP to
help build capacity to implement Agenda 21. One way to do this is
by helping to facilitate increased access to information
available locally and in other developing countries. SDNs also
help tap into the global knowledge base.
Through their actions, SDNs also encourage consensus decision
making processes, and work with government and others to achieve
stakeholder empowerment for sustainable development. The intended
beneficiaries or target groups are stakeholders in the
development process in these countries.
Le R‚seau D‚veloppement Durable du PNUD
Notes explicatives
Les R‚seaux D‚veloppement Durable sont des initiatives nationales
lanc‚es par des groupes d'acteurs cl‚s du d‚veloppement durable
et subventionn‚es par le PNUD afin d'aider au renforcement
institutionnel n‚cessaire … la mise en place d'Agenda 21. L'un
des moyens consiste … faciliter un plus grand accŠs …
l'information locale ou issue des autres pays en voie de
d‚veloppement. Les R‚seaux D‚veloppement Durable permettent
‚galement d'exploiter les sources de connaissances mondiales.
Par leur action, les R‚seaux D‚veloppement Durable encouragent
aussi les processus d‚cisionnels bas‚s sur le consensus et
oeuvrent en collaboration avec les gouvernements et d'autres afin
de conf‚rer pleins pouvoirs aux acteurs cl‚s du d‚veloppement
durable.
APPENDIX 5:
Recent Books on Internet and related sources
Aboba, Bernard The Online Users' Encyclopedia: Bulletin Boards
and Beyond, Addison-Wesley, 1993. $32.95
Badgett, T. & Sandler, C. Welcome to Internet: from Mystery to
Mastery, MIS Press, NY, 1993. $19.95
Benedikt, Michael (ed.) Cyberspace: First Steps, MIT Press, 1991.
Braun, Eric The Internet Directory, Fawcett Books (ISBN
044990894), 1993. $25.00
Cronin, Mary Doing Business on the Internet, Van Nostrand
Reinhold, 1993. $29.95
Denning, Peter Computers Under Attack: Intruders, Worms and
Viruses, Addison-Wesley, MA, 1990.
Dern, Daniel The Internet Guide for New Users, McGraw-Hill,
NY, 1993, 29.95
Engst, Adam The Internet Starter Kit (for Macs), Hayden Books,
1993, $29.95
Estrada, Susan Connecting to Internet, O'Reilly and Assc., CA,
1993, $19.95
Falk, Bennet The Internet Road Map, Sybex, 1993. $29.95
Fischer, Sharon Riding the Internet Highway, NRP, Indiana, 1993.
$ 16.95
Fraase, Michael The PC Internet Tour Guide, Chapel Hill, NC:
Ventana Press. 1994. $ 24.95
Fraase, Michael The Mac Internet Tour Guide, Ventana Press,
Chapel Hill, 1993. $29.95
Frey, D. & Adams, R. !%@:: A Directory of Electronic Mail
Addressing and Networks, 3rd Edition,
O'Reilly and Associates, CA. 1993. $29.95
Gibbs, M. and Smith, R. Navigating the Internet, SAMS, 1993. $24.95
Glister, Paul The Internet Navigator, John Wiley, NY, 1993. $24.95
Hafner, K. & Markoff, J. Cyberpunk, Simon and Schuster, NY, 1991.
Hahn, H. and Stout, R. The Internet Complete Reference, McGraw-
Hill, NY, 1993. $40.00
Hahn, H. and Stout, R. The Internet Yellow Pages, Osborne-McGraw
Hill, 1994. $ 27.95
Harasim, Linda Global Networks: Computers and International
Communication, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 1993
Hardie, E. and Neou, V. Internet: Mailing Lists, SRI Information
Series, Prentice Hall, NY. 1993. $24.95
Hedtke, John Using Computer Bulletin Board Systems, MIS Press,
1992. $29.00
Helsop, B. & Angell, D. The Instant Internet Guide: Hands-on on
Global Networking, Addison-Wiley, 1994. $14.95
Hunt, Craig TCP/IP Network Administration, O'Reilly and Assoc.,
1992.
Kehoe, Brendan Zen and the Art of the Internet: a Beginner's
Guide (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall. 1993. $ 22.95
Kochmer, Jonathan and NorthWestNet. The Internet Passport:
NorthWest Guide to our World
Online, 4th Editions,
NorthWestNet, Bellevue, WA 1993. $ 39.95
LaQuey, Tracy, & Ryer, J. The Internet Companion: a Beginner's
Guide to Global Networking, Reading,
MA: Addison-Wesley. 1993. $ 10.95
Krol, Ed The Whole Internet, O'Reilly and Assoc., CA, 1992.
$24.95
Ladner, S. & Tillman, H. The Internet and Special Librarians:
Use, Training, and the Future, Library
Association (ISBN 0871114135), 1993. $30.00
Lambert, S. & Howe, W. Internet Basics, Random House, 1993. $27.00
Lane, E. and Summerhill, C. An Internet Primer for Information
Professionals: A Basic Guide to
Netwoking Technology, Meckelr Corp.,
CT, 1992
LaQuey, Tracy, & Ryer, C. The Internet Companion: a Beginner's
Guide to Global Networking, Reading,
MA: Addison-Wesley. 1993. $ 10.95
LaQuey, Tracy Users' Derectory of Computer Networks, Digital
Press, MA. 1990. $29.95
LaQuey, Tracey The Internet Companion Plus, Addison-Wiley, 1993, $19.95
Levine, J. and Baroudo, C. The Internet for Dummies, IDG Books,
CA, 1993. $19.95
Lombard, S. and Howe, W. Internet Basics, Random House, NY,
1993. $29.95
Lynch, D. and Rose, M. Internet System Handbook, Addison-Wiley,
1993. $55.00
Malamud, Carl Exploring the Internet: A Technical Travelogue,
Prentice Hall, NJ, 1993. $39.95
Manger, John Internet Guide to Information Services, McGraw-
Hill, NY. 1994. $ 24.95
Marine, A. et. al. Internet: Getting Started, SRI Information
Series, Prentice Hall, NJ, 1993. $24.95
Meckler Publishing On Internet: An International Title and
Subject Guide to Electronic Journals,
Newsletters, Books, and Discussion Lists on
the Internet, Meckler Publishing, 1993. $45.00
O'Reilly, T. & Todino, G. Managing UUCP and Usenet, O'Reilly and
Assoc., 1992.
Powell, C. E. The Electronic Traveller, Windcrest/McGraw-Hill,
NY, 1994. $ 16.95
Quarterman, John The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing
Systems Worldwide, Digital Press, Prentice
Hall, 1990. $35.00
Quarterman, J. & Carl-Mitchell, S. Practical Internetworking
with TCP/IP and UNIX,
Addison-Wiley, 1993.
Quarterman, J. & Carl_Mitchell, S. The Internet Connection:
System Connectivity and
Configuration, Van Nostrand
Reinhold, 1994.
Raymond, E. & Steele, G. The New Hacker's Dictionary, MIT Press,
1991.
Rittner, Don Whole Earth Online Almanac, Brady, NY 1993.
$32.95
Rose, Marshall The Simple Book: an Introduction to Internet
Management, 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall, NJ,
1994
Rutten, P., Bayers III, A. & Maloni, K. NetGuide: What's on in
Cyberspace, Random House,
1994. $19.00
Sachs, D. & Stair, H. Hands on Internet, Prentice Hall, NJ,
1994
Shefski, William Free Electronic Networks, Prima Publishing,
Rocklin, CA, 1994.
Tennant, R., Ober, J. and Lipow, A. Crossing the Internet
Threshold: An Instructional
Handbook, Library Solutions
Press, Berkeley, 1993.
Tolhusrt, W., Pike, M. A., Blanton, K. Using the Internet,
Special Edition, QUE,
1994. $ 39.95.
Wiggins, Richard Internet for Everyone: A guide to Users and
Providers, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1993. $ 29.95
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