Subject: BUN-INDIA 4th ISSUE NEWSLETTER
Dear Members
We are happy to announce that 4th issue of our
newsletter , we are releasing. We are seding here with the softcopy
of the same. Hardcopy hasbeen sent to all the members
of our mailing list.Its available on the internet at
http://144.16.73.100/~mukunda/home.html
******************************************************************************
BIOMASS USERS NETWORK - INDIA
*****************************************************************************
============================================================================
Volume 1.4 June'97
BUN-INDIA
Biomass Users Network India
Chairman
=========
Prof. H S Mukunda
Combustion, Gasification & Propulsion Lab.
Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore 560 012, India
Tel +91-80-3348536
Fax +91-80-3444692
E-mail: mukunda@aero.iisc.ernet.in
Internet:
http://144.16.73.100/~mukunda/home.html ~mukunda/ home.html
Contents
============
? Foreword
? Business Meet on Biomass Gasifiers
? Decomposed Coirpith as nutriant
source Bioenergy Research Group
? Report on the international conference on
Gasification and Pyrolysis of biomass
held at Stuttgart, Germany
? Biomass gasifier for plywood drier installed
at M/s. Pratik panels limited Raipur
? Biomass Research Group- Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology
? The Styrian experience
? Biomass Gasifier Programme in High Focus Area
FOREWORD
========
We are happy to place the fourth issue of the news
letter. As in the past, the newsletter is a mix of
some success stories, policy initiatives and
further research and development efforts. The
number of copies printed has trebled over the
four issues. Communications over e-mail
needing education and demonstration projects
from several countries including Africa have
been received. Sustained efforts in
demonstration in several countries are an
important necessity before biomass utilisation
for electricity generation becomes a large scale
phenomenon over the globe.
Prof. H S Mukunda
---------------------------------------------------------------
Business Meet On Biomass Gasifiers
Dr. N . P Singh , Director Biomass
MNES, Lodhi Road, New Delhi
Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES),
Govt. of India, jointly with West Bengal Renewable
Energy Development Agency (WBREDA) organized a
one day Business Meet on use of Biomass Gasifiers
in the rice mill, plywood & tea drying industries on
19.6.1997 at Calcutta. The Meet was attended by
about 150 participants from Union and State Govts.,
Research Institutes, gasifier manufactures,
representatives of rice mills, plywood & tea drying
industries & Financial Institutions.
Prof. Sankar Sen, Minister Incharge of Power, Science &
Technology and Non-Conventional Energy Sources,
Govt. of West Bengal in his inaugural address stressed
the need for utilization of Renewable Energy
Technologies such as Solar, Wind & Biomass,
developed & found viable, not only in those areas
where conventional energies are not available but also
at all places where such resources are available. He
urged participating industries to utilize the biomass
generated their production processes more efficiently
and in a more environment friendly manner through
gasifiers.
Mr. Ashok Parthasarthi, Secretary, MNES, in his
keynote address highlighted the progress made in the
development and commercialization of Biomass
Gasification and other renewable energy technologies
like solar, wind & small hydro. Mr. Parthasarathi
mentioned that our gasification and other renewable
energy technologies and systems are now of
international standards and many countries namely
Cuba, Indonesia, Male, Brazil Nepal, Sri Lanka and
Bangladesh have shown interest in import of our
renewable energy technologies and systems, he
added.
Mr. Parthasarthi indicated that over the last decade
some 30 MW aggregate capacity of gasifiers have been
set up. The need for gasifiers was to large and the
present fiscal and financial package is sufficiently
attractive for the country to expand installed gasifier
capacity to 300 MW by the last year of the 9th Plan.
During the meet, 15 papers on technology
development, technology transfer, commercialization,
financing and govt. colleges in the are of biomass
gasification were presented and discussed.
The representatives from rice mills, plywood & tea drying
industries shown keen interest in adopting gasifiers for
the generation of both process heat and power in their
industries.
---------------------------------------------------------------
Decomposed Coirpith As Nutriant Source
S . GlorySwarupa, Soil Chemist, Regional Coffee
Research Station, Chundale 677 123 ,
Wynad District, Kerala.
In India around 7.5 metric tonnes of Coirpith is
produced annually. It is treated as waste and
dumped in mounds and it oozes tannins during
monsoon causing environmental pollution. To make
Coirpith nutrient rich in available form and to reuse it
in farms , one tonne of Coirpith is sandwiched with
1.5 kgs of Pleurotus Sajor - Caju spawn and 5 kg of
urea in alternative layers in a open yard , measuring
of 5 mtrs length & 3 mtrs width . The heap is sprinkled
with water regularly to maintain 200 % moisture .
The raw Coirpith turns black compost after 30 days .
Analysis of this compost it contains 0.058 %
Phospharous and 1.17 % Potassium besides many
micronutrients. It has enormous water holding capacity
also. Cost of production of one tonne Coirpith
compost work out to Rs. 360.00 which is less than
half of the cost of one tonne of FYM which is
Rs.640.00 ( as on 1995 ) Thus, the farmers in the
Coconut growing tracts can make use of this
method to minimise the cost of nutrient
management .
Report On The International Conference On
Gasification And Pyrolysis Of Biomass
held at Stuttgart, Germany, 9 to 11 April 1997
Prof. H S Mukunda, CGPL, IISc, Bangalore, India
The conference organized by Dr. A. V. Bridgewater of
Aston University, UK and Dr. Ing. M. Kaltschmitt of IER,
Uni. Stuttgart, Germany at Haus der Wirtschaft, Stuttgart
was attended by about 100 scientists predominantly
from Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Sweden,
Finland, UK, Canada, India and a few other countries
was a focused meeting with all active scientists from
these countries presenting their current work. The three
day meeting started with .a brief inauguration with a.
lead lecture by Mr. Daskelaros of the European
Commission, Brussels. The arrangements for the
meeting provided for a number of informal
conversations during lunch since all the arrangements
were located in the same area. Dr. Kaltschmitt presented
an overview of the biomass energy potential in Europe -
through the assessment of bioresources, the
technologies and the benefits in terms of reduction in
CO2 emission. He presented various values in support of
these points. Prof. Beenackers presented the
conventional as well as the unconventional aspects of
the bioresidue gasification technologies for heat by and
large and some for electricity. Prof. Bridgewater covered
the recent studies on fast pyrolysis activities in Europe.
There were problems related to quality upgradation and
use in engines and these were under research and
development.
Dr. Dumbleton of ETSU, UK discussed the methods of
large scale handling of bioresidues from forests and use
for many purposes including chemical conversion.
In a very interesting presentation, Dr. Hans Hartmann
and Iris Lewandowski of Uni. Of Munich and
Hohenheim, Germany, brought up the properties of
bioresidues - both physical and chemical - concentration
of Cl, N, S, K and heavy metals as well as ash and water
content. Several interesting aspects on the influence of
growing phase, supply phase of biomass for energetic
uses were described, largely for European bioresidues,
like Miscanthus. They indicated that the growth rate of
Miscanthus could be as high as 25 dry
tonnes/hectare/year. Dr. Hiddink of Netherlands
described the availability of organic wastes from
agriculture and agrofood industry in Netherlands. His
classification included flour mill wastes, straw, beet
molasses soy meal, waste frying fat with total solids
more than 80 %, wastes from wood fruit trees, fish and
meat industry with solids content of 50 to 80 %, roadside
grass, domestic organic waste, waste from green
houses and sugar, potato, onion, and other industries.
While in several cases with high moisture content with
not much of Lignin, one can use biomethanation
technique, in cases where the solids content is high and
moisture low, one should use gasification.
The next day, the tenth of April, was largely devoted to
technologies. The session got started with a
presentation by Mr. Haavisto of Finland on fixed bed
gasifiers for heat production. He described updraft
gasifiers built after research and development in Finland
for power levels up to 15 MWth and described that they
were very reliable. In fact their availability was as high as
95 %. These could be used with moisture content up to
40 % (dry basis). They can accept a wide ranging fuels
except powders like sawdust, bark and green chips. It is
of course not clear why bark cannot be used as a fuel in
the system. Further research is intended towards using
the system for refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellets and
efforts to be put in towards clean up of tar from the
systems. The next two co-ordinated presentations were
by Prof. Mukunda of India and Mr. Buhler of Switzerland.
Prof. Mukunda addressed the scientific basis,
technological details as well as field experience of open
top twin air entry downdraft gasifiers for solid woody
biofuels (including agro-residues). The duel results from
joint Indo-Swiss tests both in India and Switzerland were
presented and it was indicated that these are perhaps
the only results from gasifier tests have been made with
third party analysis and the results published in open
literature. He brought out results of engine tests and
indicated that in the Indian context where diesel engines
are more extensively available, their efforts to convert
commercial naturally aspirated engines to spark ignition
mode has resulted in successful runs with about 65 % of
the rated diesel power and at compression ratios of 17,
typical of compression ignition engines. There was a
vigorous discussion on this subject with a comment that
despite the possibility of running the engine smoothly at
compression ratio of 17, maximum power that may be
extracted from the engine would be around a
compression ratio of 14/15. Mr. Buhler in his
presentation described several European gasifiers and
the Swiss efforts in going through a formal rigorous test
programme on gasifiers to establish smooth running and
good gas quality. He further emphasized that the
programme of tests on a gas engine for power
generation purposes based on IISc-DASAG gasifier is
currently on and only when these tests are satisfactorily
completed would they proceed with further expansion of
the activities of bioresidue based power generation. He
emphasized a phased programme like this is the only
appropriate route for future growth. Eric Rensfelt of
Sweden gave a scintillating presentation of the
atmospheric gasification programme at TPS Terminska.
Systematically going through the various technical
features of the system, he brought out aspects of
circulating fluid bed system, the Dolomite tar cracking
system and the cooling and cleaning systems before the
gas is taken through a compressor into the combustion
chamber of a gas turbine engine. The gas turbine
engine of General Electric Company was tested with a
simulated gas and has been found to work satisfactorily.
The next presentation of the competing technology -
pressurized circulating fluid bed gasification system at
Vernamo by Mr. Stahl of Skydkraft of Sweden was very
interesting with many details of the high pressure
gasification system. The fuel feed system involving air
lock valves to stand up to 25 atmospheres of pressure,
the candle filter (of Schumacher, GmbH, Germany) to
reduce the particulate content to less than a few PPM
and the performance details on a gas turbine engine
(Ruston - Typhoon engine of European gas turbine
Company) which has already run in an integrated mode
for the last 150 hours were the highlights of his
presentation.
The next four presentations were on liquid fuels from
biomass. The presentation by Dr. C. Rossi of ENEL,
Italy and Dr. Graham of Ensyn technologies, Canada
was on the plant to be established at Bastardo near
Perugia in Italy. The plant was in the last stages of
acceptance tests and would be producing liquid fuel at
10 tonnes/day using woody biostock at 15 tonnes/day.
There was considerable hope that these liquid fuels
would be available for tests in different laboratories. Mr.
Prins of BTG, Enchede in Netherlands described the
rotating cone technology for fast pyrolysis. The process
appeared involved and was the subject of considerable
discussion. Dr.C Roy of Canada described a patented
process called pyrocycling. The only new element of the
process appeared to be the vacuum pyrolysis of bio-
feedstock. There were several aspects which appeared
optimistic and questions regarding the process needed
answers. The paper by Mr. Baldauf on the upgrading of
pyrolysis liquids was thorough and described the
intricate science and the experience, but the process
was stated to be not economically attractive. Similar
was the paper by M. Kaiser on the upgrading of liquid
fuels to near-petroleum class - excellent in detail, but
economically unattractive now. The next paper by
Kurkela and Simell, presented by Simell summarized the
work of VTT Energy in Finland (a pioneer in bio-fuel
related work) on tar removal from gasification gas. Most
of the work in Finland is related to updraft gasifiers or
circulating fluid bed gasifiers, both meant for direct
combustion applications using uncooled gas. The paper
addressed some methods of cracking the tar in the gas
with fairly high levels of tar. Calcium based bed additives
into the feedstock, catalytic decomposition using
monolithic nickel reactor and a secondary granular bed
catalyst reactor with calcium based materials were the
methods suggested. Some data on operating conditions
- around 900o C were also provided. Prof. H. E. Stassen
of BTG, Enschede, Netherlands described some
classical aspects of the properties of producer gas for
engine applications. The importance of flame speed was
also mentioned. Though measured data on flame
speeds of producer gas are available, they do not seem
to have been taken note of by many researchers.
Turbines for electricity generation from producer gas
was discussed by Dr. Haselbacher. Many points
discussed here were the part of actual design as
described by Drs. Rensfelt and Stahl. The next paper by
Meier and Scholze on a characterization of the
properties of liquid fuels from different sources - Ensyn,
BTG, NREL, and Fenosa, these being either small or
large size manufacturers - was very informative and
very thoroughly presented by Dr. Meier. The basic
idea was to establish the methods that could be used to
characterize the liquids. It was brought out that the liquid
fuels have aliphatic and phenolics, hydroxyls, carboxyl,
carbonyl, alkenyl, vinyl groups and some products due to
reaction of phenolics and formaldehyde as well as
polymerised acetals. The next paper by Radlein of
Canada on the production of chemicals from bio-oil was
very interesting. He introduced the concept of bio-
refinery comparable to petroleum oil refinery. All kinds of
biofeedstock can enter the refinery, be subject to
different processes and a number of chemicals could
come out of the refinery. Biolime that could be used for
NOX/SOX reduction, Alcohols, Fuel enhancers when bio-
oil is treated with alcohols, flavours (currently largely
used) and others were mentioned. The profundity of the
idea is that a single refinery can make several
chemicals, fuel being the low cost item amongst them.
Such a strategy might help produce mildly upgraded
fuel oils for automotive applications at lower costs these
being achieved by cross subsidy. Combustion of liquid
fuels in furnaces was described by S. Gust of Finland.
Problems encountered were blocking and clogging of
nozzles and crust formation on the burner head. It was
suggested that careful control of fuel lines was
imperative for proper operation of the system.
The next two presentations were on the technical
aspects of the use of liquid fuels in reciprocating and gas
turbine engines. J. Leech of UK presented the research
studies done by him on the use of these liquid fuels in
one cylinder of a multi-cylinder engine. In these tests the
pyrolytic oil was mixed with 20 % methanol and tried out
in a diesel engine. From the experience indicated, the
engine does not run on the pyrolytic oil alone. The
pressure-time curves indicated to non-smooth
functioning of the system and this needed further
research.
The next paper by Dr. Patnaik of Orenda Research
Corporation, Canada presented the experience on the
use of pyrolytic oil in a 2.5 MW class - GT2500 gas
turbine engine. The results of several systematic studies
aimed at determining the suitability of the fuel for gas
turbine applications were presented and it appears that
major problems on operating the engine with the fuel
have been sorted out. This is one major positive result
on the use of pyrolytic oils for power generation. The
primary feature in all this case is continuos combustion
compared to periodic ignition and combustion in the
case of reciprocating engines.
Apart from oral presentations described above, there
were thirty poster presentations. These were the results
from on-going studies or just-completed studies on
biomass related issues. While about 65 % of them were
directly related to the topics of oral presentations, some
were new - Fluidised bed gasification of urban waste
wood, steam gasification of biomass chars, new
systems for tar sampling and characterization (the solid
phase adsorption technique), tar characterization in
cyclone and downdraft wood gasifiers, cogasification of
coal with biomass, and computer models of gasification
process.
There was a final session on panel discussion on
gasification, liquid fuels and other imperatives. Chaired
by Prof. Beenackers, the discussion was vigorous and
even those who listened from a distance could get a
picture of the general trends. The impression that could
be gleaned was Europe was more favourably inclined to
the use of biomass gasification for power generation and
liquid fuels still needed to overcome the cost factor
before they became attractive. The role that liquid fuels
from biomass should play in automotive applications is
still being given lower priority in terms of research and
this needs to be amended in times to come. On the
whole the meeting well conducted served its purpose
more than adequately. A volume containing the papers
will appear soon and readers can look forward to a treat
of valuable material.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Biomass Gasifier For Plywood Drier Installed At
M/S. Pratik Panels Limited Raipur
Mr. B V Ravikumar, Cosmo Products, Raipur
A 2,50,000 kcal/h capacity biomass gasifier has been
retrofitted to steam based drier at M/s. Pratik Panels
Limited, Raipur. In the present installation the producer
gas generated in a gasifier is burnt in combustion cum
mixing chamber and diluted with recirculating/fresh air to
get hot air of desired temperature. When drier is run on
gas produced by gasifier temperatures higher than those
attainable by boiler are achieved. (By suitably selecting
the capacity of gasifier, hot air temperatures upto 200 ?C
are achievable). Therefore, the qualitative performance
of drier as well as production increases.
Earlier, M/s. Pratik Panels Limited were running the drier
by steam and could not get the temperatures beyond 70
?C. At that time, they thought of installing a thermic fluid
heater. Instead of thermic fluid heater, they installed a
2,50,000 kcal/h capacity gasifier system. Now that the
drier is run on producer gas produced by gasifier,
desired temperature upon 120 ?C are achieved.
The main advantage to them is reduction in drying time.
Earlier the drier was the bottleneck equipment in the
factory. Now, the productivity of the entire factory has
increased yielding considerable economic benefits. The
fuel consumption has also come down by 15-20 %.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Bioenergy Research Group
Swiss Federal Institute Of Technology
Scientific Staff: Dr. Thomas Nussbaumer (Group
Leader), Hanspeter Kaufmann, Philipp Morf, Roger
Salzmann, Serge Biollaz, Christian Bruch
Activities: The aim of the Bioenergy Research is to
improve technologies for heat and power production
from biofuels, especially wood. Research projects are
carried out in cooperation with industry and aim for low
emissions and high efficiencies. The topics of the
research are combustion and gasification processes,
including reactor design, process control and gas
cleaning.
Activity1: Low Nox Wood Combustion :
The NOX emissions from biomass combustion originate
mainly from the fuel bound nitrogen. In this project the
possibilites of air staging and fuel staging for wood
furnaces are investigated in laboratory facilities and in
full scale automatic wood furnaces of 200 - 600 kWth.
Furthermore, process control technologies by use of
temperature and lambda sensors are developed to
guarantee optimum operation conditions for complete
burnout and low NOX emissions. To control the
temperature in the reduction chamber, air staging is
combined with external flue gas recirculation. The aim of
the low NOX furnace design and its operation is to form
molecular N2 from the fuel nitrogen inspite of NO in a
reduction chamber before entering the combustion
chamber. In the reduction chamber, intermediate N-
species as N, NH and NH2 from the fuel nitrogen can act
as oxidizing agent for NO in different reactions, e.g. in
the reaction scheme: NO + NH2 ? N2 + H2O. The
investigations show that an NOX reduction of app. 50%
can be reached for native wood with low nitrogen
content (0.1 - 0.2 wt.-%), while for wood residues and
chip boards with high nitrogen content (1 - 3 %) up to
75% reduction can be reached. However the NOX
reduction is strongly influenced by the reaction
conditions in the reduction chamber, especially the
primary excess air ratio (?P), the temperature (T) and the
residence time (t). For maximum NOX reduction the
parameters in the reduction chamber have to be
controlled as follows: ?P = 0.7 - 0.8, T = 1'150-1'250øC
and t >0.3 s.
Financial support: Swiss Federal Office for Science
and Education as part of the EU-Project JOR3-CT96-
0059 "Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from
Wood Chip Grate Furnaces"
Activity 2:
Determination of Mixing Qualities in Furnaces with
Injection of Tracer Gas and Measuring the
Residence Time Distribution: The burn out efficiency
(CO, HC, soot) and the formation of NOX in combustion
processes is strongly influenced by the mixing quality
between combustible gases and combustion air. The
aim of the present project is to develop an experimental
tool to measure and describe the mixing quality in
furnaces by injection of a tracer and measuring the step
response of the tracer at the outlet of the reactor.
>From this information, the residence time distribution of
the gases and the mean residence time in the
combustion chamber can be determined. Helium is used
as tracer and a fast thermal conductivity detector is used
to measure the step response.
reduction is strongly influenced by the reaction
conditions in the reduction chamber, especially the
primary excess air ratio (?P), the temperature (T) and the
residence time (t). For maximum NOX reduction the
parameters in the reduction chamber have to be
controlled as follows: ?P = 0.7 - 0.8, T = 1'150-1'250øC
and t >0.3 s.
Financial support: Swiss Federal Office for Science
and Education as part of the EU-Project JOR3-CT96-
0059 "Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from
Wood Chip Grate Furnaces"
Furthermore temperature and O2 content are measured
continously. In future work, a mathematical model of the
combustion kinetics by respect of the residence time
distribution will be developped to optimize the
combustion chamber and the injection of combustion air.
In wood furnaces, the method will be used to optimize
the combustion chamber for a complete burnout of CO,
hydrocarbons and soot. Furthermore the model will be
used to minimize NOX formation from fuel nitrogen by
optimizing the reduction of fuel nitrogen to N2 in an
understoichiometric atmosphere in the reduction
chamber.
However, the method can also be used for other solid
fuels as waste or coal and it can also be applied in liquid
and gaseous fuel combustion, where for example the
recirculation rate in low NOX-burners can be determined.
Financial support: Swiss Federal Office for Energy
Activity 3: Biomass Gasification for Power
Production : Fixed bed gasifiers with internal
combustion engines offer the possibility for decentralized
heat and power production from biomass in small scale
units (50 - 500 kWe) with relatively high electrical
efficiency (up to app. 25% in comparison to app. 10% for
steam turbines and steam engines in the same power
range). However tar and particles in the low calorific
producer gas from gasifiers can cause damages in
internal combustion engines and lead to short service
periods. Although this problem is well known from earlier
applications, only few data are available on the
concentration and compositionof tar and particles in the
producer gas. Since the sampling and analysis
techniques are not standardized, a comparison between
different results from the literature is not possible.
Further more, there are only few experiences with
application of nowadays scrubber and filter techniques
for the gas cleaning from downdraft gasifiers, which
promise the lowest.
-----------------------------------------------------------
The Styrian Experience
Source: Woodfuel Technologies and development
Styria, a province in the south-east of Austria, is a
European region which appears to have set a fine
example in promoting the use of bioresidue based
renewable energy. It has seen the largest development
in the use of wood fuel for district heating and has so far
established around 87 wood-fuelled heating network in
about ten years. Having realised the importance of
renewables, the Stryrian government set up a detailed
plan in 1984 to harness this energy by initiating a close
dialogue with the local farmers, who are also the
foresters.The scheme was initialised by setting up pilot
projects to show the feasibility of the system in terms of
supply logistics and combustion material etc. After
successfully overcoming stiff opposition from the fossil
fuels, today the wood-fuelled heating has become the
largest heating network amounting to a total installed
capacity of 121 MW thermal. The wood consumption for
these systems amounts to 55 tonnes of oven-dry wood
per hour, of which 60% constitutes the bark. The wood
for these plants is obtained from local forests and this
has in no way led to their degradation. The afforestation
stands high at 54% of the total land area. Initially the
government encouraged by providing subsidies which
was partly responsible for a faster growth rate of the
heating network. Now having created a public
awareness on this environment friendly method of
harnessing the energy, the need for searching for
potential clients is no longer required, those interested
come on their own is the impression of the people
behind the scheme.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Biomass Gasifier Programme in High Focus Areas
Dr. K C Kandelwal, Advisor, MNES, Lodi Road,
New Delhi
After successful demonstration of different applications
of biomass gasifiers in the states of Arunachal
Pradesh and Assam and an evincing interest shown by
Manipur and Mizoram States also in the Review
Meeting on Renewable Energy held at North - Eastern
Region Stares on 17 April,1997, the Ministry of Non -
Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) has taken new
initiatives for installation of gasifiers in all North -
Eastern Region States. A list of gasifiers installed in
Arunachal Pradesh and Assam is given at Table 1.
Besides, the Biomass Gasifier Demonstration
Programme will be implemented in other High Focus
Areas, namely Sikkim, Jammu and Kashmir, Andaman
and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep tribal areas ,
Fastern and Western Ghats, villages in and around
National Parks and Forest Reserves, estuarmine areas
such as Sunderban and major inhabitant riverine
islands such as Majuli in Assam.
Table 1. A List Of Biomass Gasifiers Installed In Arunachal
Pradesh And Assam
Location System Rating Mode of
application
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya 2,50,000 kcal / hr Thermal
Vahajan , Arunachal Pradesh
M/s Nokte Timber Company 40 kW Electrical
Post - Demoli Dist. Tirap
Arunachal Pradesh
M/s Donyl Polo Saw Mill Jirdo 40 kW Electrical
Post Basar, Dist.West Kameng,
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam Riha Samabat 10 kW Electrical
Samity Ltd. Guwahati , Assam
Assam Police Radio Organisation 3 kW & 5 HP Electrical &
(APRO), Guwahati , Assam Mechanical
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The amount of Central incentives has been increased for
installation of gasifiers in all North Eastern Region
States, Sikkim, Jammu and Kashmir, Andaman and
Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep. Details of the revised
rates of incentives are given in Table 2.
Table 2 :Revised rates of Central financial assistance on
Biomass Gasifiers for 1997-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mode of Rating
application Amount of Central assistance in Rupees[India]
North-Eastern , Union Territories
Region StatesSikkim
Jammu,Kashmir Andaman,
Nicobar Islands,
LakshadweepOther States
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mechanical: 5 HP 14,500 9,000
10 HP 10,500 12,000
Electrical: 3 kW 18,000 15,000
5 kW 28,000 24,000
10 kW 45,000 39,000
20 kW 70,000 60,000
40 kW 1,35,000 1,14,000
100 kw 3,10,000 2,64,000
200 kW 4,30,000 3,60,000
300 kW 5,60,000 4,68,000
500 kW 8,10,000 6,87,000
Thermal: 7,500 kcal/hr 9,000 7,500
12,500 kcal/hr 13,000 10,500
25,000 kcal/hr 20,000 17,000
50,000 kcal/hr 34,000 28,000
1,00,000 kcal/h 55,000 45,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 US$ = Rs. 36.00: The subsidies constitute about 25 to 30% of the cost of the
Gasification System.
Recent Conferences, Presentations And Training Programs
=============================================================
? Seminar on Recent Developments in fluidized bed biomass
gasification organized by Centre for new & renewable
sources of energy, Anna University, Madras.
? National seminar on Power generation from Industrial,
Urban and Municipal wastes organized by Mahathma
Gandhi Institute of Integrated Rural Energy Planning &
Development, New Delhi.
? Conference on Gasification and Pyrolysis of Biomass -
State of the art and future prospect and presented a paper
on "Fixed bed gasification for electricity generation" at
Stuttgart, Germany between 9-11 April 97
? International workshop on Plantation & other Industries at
Indian Institute (IIT), Madras, between 9-11 April.
? Presentation on "Technologies For Biomass Utilization" at
National Bioenergy board, MNES, NewDelhi on 30th May 97.
? Renewable energy training workshop for MNES officers at
Pondichery between 2nd June to 7th June 97.
? Business meet on Use of Biomass for Gasification in
ricemills, plywood and tea industries held at Calcutta on
19th June 97.
? Technical Training programme for engineering
Consultants on Biomass Power and Co-generation at Anna
University, Madras between 30-4 July 97.
Do u Know This
==================
Comparison Of Biomethanation Properties Of Various Feed
Stocks
Substrate Residence T *C %COD % VS Comments
time Destroyed destroyed
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Poultry waste 15 32 78 68
Piggary waste 15 35 58 60 14 % protein
ratio
Bovine dung 15 32 11 27 10 % TS
feed
Municipal 15 35 45 36 12 % 5
refuse sewage
solids added
Dairy manure 25 35 30 29
+ barley straw
News print 90 35 - 28
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Services
? Abstracts relating to published papers on bio-resource can now be made
available at no cost. This could be obtained by sending a request letter along
with one or two relevant key words.
? Services relating to search for Patents can now are availed from Bun-India on
chargeable basis.
Editorial
The BUN-NEWSLETTER is published by the BUN-INDIA
Combustion, Gasification & Propulsion Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore 560 012, India.
For further information or correspondence please Contact:
Mrs. Gayathri V
Combustion Gasification & Propulsion Laboratory [CGPL]
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
E-mail: gayathri@aero.iisc.ernet.in or
gayathri@cgpl.iisc.ernet.in
Fax: +91-80-3444692, 3341683
Tel : +91-80-3348536, 3092338
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++